Mr. Justice Cordova
delivered the opinion of the court.
The natural and adopted children of Manuel Sosa are back in our lap. Their case has been remanded here by the Circuit Court for the First Circuit to which the adopted children appealed from our judgment, which judgment, because the four justices then constituting this court were equally divided, affirmed that of the district court dismissing the complaint of the adopted children.1 The appeal was relatively successful, thanks to the circumstance that this court is now composed of five members. The Circuit Court, by reason of the deference which in cases involving questions [575]*575of local law it gives to our decisions, vacated our judgment.2 And it remanded tlie case in the hope that it would now he decided by a majority of this court, including in its mandate that part of the judgment which refers to defendants Matos, Federal Land Bank, Land Bank Commissioner, Loiza Sugar Co., Marcial Suárez, and Ceferino Osorio, wherein the four justices of this court who intervened in the case, were agreed.
The facts of the ease, and the pertinent statutes and precedents, are fully set forth in the opinions of Justices Todd and Snyder, 64 P.R.R. 732, 742.
We need only recall that Manuel Sosa was survived by two adopted and two acknowledged natural children and that in his will he designated his natural children as his sole and universal heirs, leaving to his adopted children legacies in the amount of $20,000 (somewhat less than one seventh of the estate), and the remainder interest in one-sixth of the estate. The adopted children contended that they were entitled to two-thirds of the estate and instituted this proceeding against the natural children, the other legatees, and the third persons who acquired rights in the estate from the natural children and legatees during the course of the eighteen years which passed between the partition of the estate and the filing of the complaint of the adopted children.
The district court dismissed the complaint on the ground that when there are forced heirs, such as natural children, the adopted child has not right whatsoever in the estate.
[576]*576I
The appellants maintain, that, even if there are forced heirs, and in so far as their legal portion is not prejudiced, adopted children have the same rights in the estate as legitimate children, that is, they are entitled to two-thirds of the estate.
Section 177 of our Civil Code formerly provided, as did the Spanish Code, that the adopted child acquired no right to inherit from his adopted parent, in the absence of an agreement to the contrary in the deed of adoption. That provision was expressly repealed in 1902 and in its stead were substituted the Sections now numbered 132 and 133, which read as follows:
“Section 132 — Adoption shad in no ease injure the rights belonging to forced heirs, which shall remain as though the adoption had not taken place.
“Section 133 — The person adopted shall enjoy in the family of the adopter the rights and duties and consideration of a letigimate child, with the exception noted in the preceding section.”
The above-transcribed Sections, with slight variations, were copied from :§ 214 of the Louisiana Civil Code, which . in its pertinent part provides:
“ . . . such adoption shall not interfere with the rights of forced heirs.
“The person adopted shall have all the rights of a legitimate child in the estate of the person adopting him except as above stated. ’ ’
The repeal of :§ 177 and its substitution by the provisions which give the adopted child the rights of a legitimate child in the family of the adopter, without prejudice to the rights of the forced heirs, constitute a clear expression of the legislative intent to abandon the principle expressed in the Spanish Code, so foreign to the historical concept of adoption, that, the adopted child acquires no right to inherit (in the absence [577]*577of a contract), and to embrace the principle, so typical of adoption, that the adopted child acquires rights in the estate.
Neither this court, nor any of its justices, has even suggested that such was not the legislative intent in 1902. In the opinion delivered by Justice Todd in this case, 64 P.R.R. 737, it is acknowledged that the lawmaker in 1902 desired to grant, and granted, hereditary rights to the adopted child, although the conclusion is reached that these rights exist only in case of intestate .succession, and then only in the absence of forced heirs.
But if, as we held in Ex parte Ortiz v. Lluberas, 42 P.R.R. 339, and in Bardeguez v. Bardeguez, 48 P.R.R. 692, and as all the present justices of this court are agreed, the lawmaker in 1902 granted the adopted child certain rights in the estate of the adopter, where are these rights granted, and where are they limited?
The hereditary rights of the adopted child are granted, and limited in §:§ 132 and 133 of the Civil Code, quoted .above. They are granted in § 133, which provides that the adopted child shall enjoy “in the famity of the adopter the rights . . . of a legitimate child, with the exception noted in the preceding section.” There is no other provision in Puerto Eico which grants to the adopted child any right in the testate or intestate inheritance of the adopter. If hereditary rights are granted in that Section it is because the lawmaker, in referring to the rights of a legitimate child in the family, meant to include rights in the estate, as was decided in Ex Parte Ortiz v. Lluberas, supra.
That the “rights in the family” which the adopted child acquires in the family of the adopter include rights in the testate or interestate inheritance is also corroborated by § 137 of our Code. That Section provides that “the adopted person shall preserve the rights belonging to bim in his own natural family” and, as is clearly shown in the opinion of [578]*578Justice Todd in 6*4 P.B.R 735, 736,3 tlie rights which the adopted child thus preserves in Ms “natural family” include, among many others, the right to inherit whether or not there is a will.
if “rights in the family” is inclusive of the right to inherit in § 137, why is it not equally inclusive in :§ 133? If the right to inherit is not included in § 133, why is it included in .§ 137 ? If the right to inherit were not included in either of the two Sections, we would reach the anomalous result that tiie adopted child would have no hereditary rights either in his adoptive or in his natural family.4 But we have [579]*579already seen, and no one questions it, that under § 137 the “lights in the family” include rights in the testate and intestate inheritance. It is not unreasonable to conclude that that phrase has the same scope in § 133 and that this latter Section, therefore, grants the adopted child rights in the testate and intestate inheritance of the adopter.
The premises having been established that the lawmaker in 1902 meant to grant to the adopted child certain rights in the inheritance of the adopter, and that those rights are conferred by § 133 and are limited, under said Section by the preceding one, it remains to determine the scope of such rights.
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Mr. Justice Cordova
delivered the opinion of the court.
The natural and adopted children of Manuel Sosa are back in our lap. Their case has been remanded here by the Circuit Court for the First Circuit to which the adopted children appealed from our judgment, which judgment, because the four justices then constituting this court were equally divided, affirmed that of the district court dismissing the complaint of the adopted children.1 The appeal was relatively successful, thanks to the circumstance that this court is now composed of five members. The Circuit Court, by reason of the deference which in cases involving questions [575]*575of local law it gives to our decisions, vacated our judgment.2 And it remanded tlie case in the hope that it would now he decided by a majority of this court, including in its mandate that part of the judgment which refers to defendants Matos, Federal Land Bank, Land Bank Commissioner, Loiza Sugar Co., Marcial Suárez, and Ceferino Osorio, wherein the four justices of this court who intervened in the case, were agreed.
The facts of the ease, and the pertinent statutes and precedents, are fully set forth in the opinions of Justices Todd and Snyder, 64 P.R.R. 732, 742.
We need only recall that Manuel Sosa was survived by two adopted and two acknowledged natural children and that in his will he designated his natural children as his sole and universal heirs, leaving to his adopted children legacies in the amount of $20,000 (somewhat less than one seventh of the estate), and the remainder interest in one-sixth of the estate. The adopted children contended that they were entitled to two-thirds of the estate and instituted this proceeding against the natural children, the other legatees, and the third persons who acquired rights in the estate from the natural children and legatees during the course of the eighteen years which passed between the partition of the estate and the filing of the complaint of the adopted children.
The district court dismissed the complaint on the ground that when there are forced heirs, such as natural children, the adopted child has not right whatsoever in the estate.
[576]*576I
The appellants maintain, that, even if there are forced heirs, and in so far as their legal portion is not prejudiced, adopted children have the same rights in the estate as legitimate children, that is, they are entitled to two-thirds of the estate.
Section 177 of our Civil Code formerly provided, as did the Spanish Code, that the adopted child acquired no right to inherit from his adopted parent, in the absence of an agreement to the contrary in the deed of adoption. That provision was expressly repealed in 1902 and in its stead were substituted the Sections now numbered 132 and 133, which read as follows:
“Section 132 — Adoption shad in no ease injure the rights belonging to forced heirs, which shall remain as though the adoption had not taken place.
“Section 133 — The person adopted shall enjoy in the family of the adopter the rights and duties and consideration of a letigimate child, with the exception noted in the preceding section.”
The above-transcribed Sections, with slight variations, were copied from :§ 214 of the Louisiana Civil Code, which . in its pertinent part provides:
“ . . . such adoption shall not interfere with the rights of forced heirs.
“The person adopted shall have all the rights of a legitimate child in the estate of the person adopting him except as above stated. ’ ’
The repeal of :§ 177 and its substitution by the provisions which give the adopted child the rights of a legitimate child in the family of the adopter, without prejudice to the rights of the forced heirs, constitute a clear expression of the legislative intent to abandon the principle expressed in the Spanish Code, so foreign to the historical concept of adoption, that, the adopted child acquires no right to inherit (in the absence [577]*577of a contract), and to embrace the principle, so typical of adoption, that the adopted child acquires rights in the estate.
Neither this court, nor any of its justices, has even suggested that such was not the legislative intent in 1902. In the opinion delivered by Justice Todd in this case, 64 P.R.R. 737, it is acknowledged that the lawmaker in 1902 desired to grant, and granted, hereditary rights to the adopted child, although the conclusion is reached that these rights exist only in case of intestate .succession, and then only in the absence of forced heirs.
But if, as we held in Ex parte Ortiz v. Lluberas, 42 P.R.R. 339, and in Bardeguez v. Bardeguez, 48 P.R.R. 692, and as all the present justices of this court are agreed, the lawmaker in 1902 granted the adopted child certain rights in the estate of the adopter, where are these rights granted, and where are they limited?
The hereditary rights of the adopted child are granted, and limited in §:§ 132 and 133 of the Civil Code, quoted .above. They are granted in § 133, which provides that the adopted child shall enjoy “in the famity of the adopter the rights . . . of a legitimate child, with the exception noted in the preceding section.” There is no other provision in Puerto Eico which grants to the adopted child any right in the testate or intestate inheritance of the adopter. If hereditary rights are granted in that Section it is because the lawmaker, in referring to the rights of a legitimate child in the family, meant to include rights in the estate, as was decided in Ex Parte Ortiz v. Lluberas, supra.
That the “rights in the family” which the adopted child acquires in the family of the adopter include rights in the testate or interestate inheritance is also corroborated by § 137 of our Code. That Section provides that “the adopted person shall preserve the rights belonging to bim in his own natural family” and, as is clearly shown in the opinion of [578]*578Justice Todd in 6*4 P.B.R 735, 736,3 tlie rights which the adopted child thus preserves in Ms “natural family” include, among many others, the right to inherit whether or not there is a will.
if “rights in the family” is inclusive of the right to inherit in § 137, why is it not equally inclusive in :§ 133? If the right to inherit is not included in § 133, why is it included in .§ 137 ? If the right to inherit were not included in either of the two Sections, we would reach the anomalous result that tiie adopted child would have no hereditary rights either in his adoptive or in his natural family.4 But we have [579]*579already seen, and no one questions it, that under § 137 the “lights in the family” include rights in the testate and intestate inheritance. It is not unreasonable to conclude that that phrase has the same scope in § 133 and that this latter Section, therefore, grants the adopted child rights in the testate and intestate inheritance of the adopter.
The premises having been established that the lawmaker in 1902 meant to grant to the adopted child certain rights in the inheritance of the adopter, and that those rights are conferred by § 133 and are limited, under said Section by the preceding one, it remains to determine the scope of such rights. Section 133 provides that they shall be the same as those of a legitimate child. Section 737 provides that legitimate children are entitled to two-thirds of the estate as their legal portion, of which the testator can not deprive them. It is true that neither :§ 737 of the Civil Code nor any of the Sections dealing with legal portions and forced heirs, mention the adopted child. Such mention is unnecessary, as is the mention of the legitimated child, who is not mentioned either. It is unnecessary because :§ 133 already states that the adopted child has the same rights as the legitimate child, just as :§ 121 sets forth that the legitimated child shall enjoy all the rights of the legitimate one. Hence, the adopted as well as the legitimated child have their legal [580]*580portion fixed in the Code: the legal portion which belongs to the legitimate child, and which amounts to two-thirds of the estate. But §<§ 133 and 132 provide that the light of the adopted child to two-thirds of the inheritance is not absolute. It is subject to one limitation: that it shall not prejudice the rights of forced heirs which shall remain as though the adoption had not taken place. It may be said, therefore, that the adopted child is entitled to a legal portion of two-thirds, which may be reduced, and in certain cases eliminated, when the preferential legal portion of one or more forced heirs takes up part or the whole of the portion which would otherwise correspond to the adopted child.
in the case at bar (ho concurrence of forced heirs does not reduce the legal portion of two-thirds which pertains to the adopted children. Natural children concur. The legal portion of natural children depends on whether or not there are descendants or ascendants. If there are legitimate descendants the natural child is entitled to a portion equal to one-half of that pertaining to a legitimate child provided it can be included in the third of free disposition.5 If only ascendants concur the natural children are entitled to one-fourth of the estate without prejudice to the portion of the surviving spouse.6 If neither legal ascendants nor descendants concur, one third of the estate pertains to the natural children as their legal portion.7 This case is covered by § 769 which fixes at one-third the legal portion of natural children, in the absence of legitimate descendants or ascendants, not because, as was said in the opinion of Justice Snyder in 64 P.It.R. 750, the adopted child is not considered as a legitimate descendant (■§ 133 expressly provides that he should be considered as a legitimate child) but because § 132 provides that the rights of forced heirs ‘ ‘ shall remain as though the adoption had not taken place. ’ ’ Therefore, in determining the legal portion of forced heirs when there are adopted children it must be as[581]*581sumed that there has been nb adoption. On that assumption, in the case at bar there would be no legitimate descendants, and § 769 is strictly applicable.
As the legal portion of the natural children in the case at bar is one-third Of the estate, their rights are not prejudiced, and remain as though the adoption had not taken place, in acknowledging to the adopted children their legal portion of two-thirds.
It must be admitted that the result we have just reached is incongruous with the holding in the case of Ex parte Lugo, 64 P.R.Ii. 826. In that case, which was decided a few days after our original decision in the case at bar, the four justices who then constituted this court agreed, although on different grounds, that the adopted child who concurs with forced heirs in an intestate succession inherits nothing, as the forced heirs are entitled to inherit the entire estate, and inasmuch as § Í32 provides that the adoption shall not prejudice the rights belonging to forced heirs.
If, as has just been held in the casé at bar, the adopted child has a right, when concurring with natural children in the téstate süceéssion, to two-thirds of the estate regardless of the will of the testator, it is anomalous that if no will exists to deny him that right, the adopted child acquires nothing. It might then be said that the right of the adopted child, in concurrence with a forced heir, exists only when the adopter tries to deprive him of it. In other words, if the adopter says nothing, if he leaves no will, the adopted child acquires nothing and everything goes to the forced heir. But if the adopter expresses in a will his desire to leave his entire estate to that same forced heir, such expression (which would be superfluous, inasmuch as in the absence of a will the forced heir would inherit everyhing) would cause the adopted child to be entitled to two-third's of the estate and the forced heir to be limited to his legal portion. That is, however, thé result to which the Lugo ease carries us, when comparing it with the present case.
[582]*582Even if the result reached in this case is incongruous with that obtained in the Lugo case, the incongruity might be justified if our legislation required it. But it does not demand it. One need only construe our statute literally, as it was construed in the State whence it came to us, Louisiana, in Alexander v. Gray, 181 So. 639, to see that it was not correctly applied in the Lugo ease. That case is based on the premise that in the intestate succession “the rights belonging to forced heirs” to which ,§ 132 refers, which rights the adoption can not prejudice, comprise the entire estate. This is not so. The “rights belonging to forced heirs” are defined with all clarity in § 5, chapter 2, Title 3, of Book 3 of the Civil Code (•§ 735 to 750). A forced heir is entitled to a legal portion only, and to the incidents flowing from it. “A legal portion” states ,§ 735, “is that part of the estate of which the testator can not dispose, because the law has reserved it for specified heirs called on that account forced heirs. ’ ’ Since the phrase “the rights belonging to forced heirs” used in our § 132 is equivalent to “rights of specified heirs to the legal portion and its incidents,” the literal meaning of § 132 is the following :
“The adoption shall in no case injure the rights of specified heirs to their legal portion and its incidents, which shall remain as though the adoption had not taken place.”
Section 214 of the Louisiana Code, which in its pertinent part in no way differs from ours,8 was thus construed in [583]*583Alexander v. Gray, supra, where, as in the Lugo case, an intestate inheritance was involved, forced heirs concurring with the adopted child, and it was held that the right of the forced heirs which that Section guaranteed was the right to a legitime (legal portion) and that in so far as that legitime was not prejudiced, the adopted child had the rights of a legitimate child in the intestate inheritance.
Let'it not be said in an intestate inheritance it is out of place to speak of legal portions, or forced heirs. It is perfectly pertinent, to speak of legal portions in every case in which the rights of forced heirs may be prejudiced, although there is no will. For instance, if a person who dies intestate has made a donation his forced heirs may challenge it in so far as it affects their legal portion. This is so, provided in <54 578, 743, and 747 of the Civil Code. Section 578 provides that: “. . . no person can give nor receive, by way of gift, more than what he can give or receive by will. A gift shall be considered void in all that exceeds said limits.” That same concept could have been expressed by the lawmaker thus: “A gift shall in no case prejudice the rights belonging to forced heirs.” And this was the language which the lawmaker used in limiting the rights of the adopted child. Thus the lawmaker has guaranteed the legal portion of forced heirs against the prejudice which otherwise might be caused to such heirs, not only by will, but by gift or by adoption. And in the case of adoption, as well as in those of a will or a gift, that guarantee is limited to the portion of the estate which the Code guarantees, the only thing it guarantees: the legal portion.
[584]*584The Lugo case was, therefore, erroneously decided.9 The adopted child has in the testate or intestate inheritance of the adopter all the rights of a legitimate child in so far as those rights do not prejudice the legal portion of the other forced heirs.
II
The right of the plaintiffs to two-thirds of the estate having been established, it remains to determine what remedy or remedies may be granted to them.
The defendants pray, in the first instance, that the institution of heirs made in the will of Manuel Sosa be annulled. This remedy does not lie because, as is set forth in the opinion of Justice Snyder in 64 P.R.R. 752, 753, there whs no preterition of the adopted children since something was left to them in the will.
In the opinion of Justice Snyder, 64 P.R.R. 753, 754, and following the reasoning in Bardeguez v. Bardeguez, supra, an ddditional ground was offered to deny to the plaintiffs their claim to annul the institution of heirs, to wit, that the only persons who are entitled to annul the institution of heirs on the ground of preterition are forced heirs in the direct line (§ 742 of the Civil Code) and that adopted children do not llave that right as they are not descendants “in the direct line.”10 That additional ground was unnecessary since, as we have already decided, there has been no preterition of the adopted children and for that reason alone there is no basis [585]*585to annul the institution of heirs. We consider that additional ground, as well as the dictum, in the case of Bardeguez on which it was based, erroneous. As we have already seen, the adopted child has all the hereditary rights of a legitimate child, without prejudice to the preferential right of other forced heirs to their legal portion. Among the rights of k legitimate child is that of annulling the institution of heirs if he is omitted (§ 742 of the Civil Code), since the legitimate child is one of the forced heirs in the direct line. Inasmuch as the adopted child acquires the rights of a legitimate child in the estate of the adopter, he acquires, among others, the right conferred upon the legitimate child by .§ 742. See Muñoz Morales, Annotations to the Civil Code of Puerto Rico, 10 Revista Jurídica de la Universidad de Puerto Rico 434; Estate of Winchester, 140 Cal. 468; Warren v. Prescott, 84 Mo. 483, 30 Am. St. Rep. 370.
III
Nor may the partition of the estate of Manuel Sosa be annulled, for the reasons stated in the opinion of Justice Snyder, 64 P.R.R. 755-58, particularly in Mew of the provisions of § 1033 of the Civil Code. But even if the partition were void the third persons who acted relying On the will and on the entries in the registry of property cad not be prejudiced by its nullity, sihce neither the will nbr the registry of property in any way indicates the concurrence of adopted children in the estate. The appellants insist, however, that the civil registry showed the fact of the adoptions, and suggest that if the third persons had been diligent and had examined the civil registry they would have been informed of that fact. This is not so. No matter how diligent the third persons had been they would not hávé lé&rhed of the adoptions from the entries in the civil registry, since the fact doe's hot appear on the margin of the record of the adopter, [586]*586but only on the margin of the reeord of the adopted children,11 and one who has no reason to suspect the existence of an adoption has no basis to investigate the record of the adopted child.
The appellants argue that, if they can not proceed against that portion of the estate which is in the hands of third persons, they would be deprived of their property without due process of law. But the property right which they invoke, that is, their legal portion, is granted to them by the Civil Code and in allowing that right, the Code limits it in providing (1) that the institution of heirs shall not be annulled unless there is preterition of a forced heir (2) that the partition will not be set aside, although one of the heirs did not intervene, in the absence of fraud or deceit. The contention of the appellants amounts to this: that that part of the Code which limits the rights which another part confers upon them is unconstitutional. But neither our Organic Act nor the Constitution of the United States guarantees the right of anyone to inherit. The rights of the appellants, which are purely statutory, may be limited or totally eliminated by other statutory provisions.
IV
Although, as we have already seen, the appellants are not entitled to the nullity- of the institution of heirship or of the partition, yet they have the right to recover from the coheirs and defendant legatees that part of the estate which the latter have received with prejudice to the legal portion of the appellants, as is explained in detail in the opinion of Justice Snyder, 64 P.R.R. 761-62. As indicated there, the present state of the record does not permit entry of a final judgment by this court. The proper disposition of the case, [587]*587therefore, is to (a) affirm the judgment as to the defendants Antonio Matos, Federal Land Bank of Baltimore, The Land Bank Commissioner, Loiza Sugar Co., Marcial Suárez and Ceferino Osorio; (b) reverse the judgment as to the remaining defendants; and (c) remand the case to the district court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
November 5, 1946.