Jones v. Jones

632 S.E.2d 121, 280 Ga. 712, 2006 Fulton County D. Rep. 2186, 2006 Ga. LEXIS 467
CourtSupreme Court of Georgia
DecidedJuly 6, 2006
DocketS06A0388
StatusPublished
Cited by40 cases

This text of 632 S.E.2d 121 (Jones v. Jones) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Jones v. Jones, 632 S.E.2d 121, 280 Ga. 712, 2006 Fulton County D. Rep. 2186, 2006 Ga. LEXIS 467 (Ga. 2006).

Opinions

HUNSTEIN, Presiding Justice.

This appeal involves the interpretation of a provision of a settlement agreement, incorporated into the divorce decree, providing for waiver of downward modification of alimony in the form of child support below a pre-determined “floor amount.” For the reasons set forth below we reverse the ruling by the trial court declaring that provision void.

Appellant Kimbro H. Jones and appellee Lee Jones divorced in August 2000. The settlement agreement provided in pertinent part that appellant would have primary physical custody of the couple’s two children and that appellee would pay her $1,657.86 a month as “permanent child support.” The agreement recognized that this amount represented 28 percent of appellee’s gross monthly wages at that time and provided in Paragraph 7 that “[i]n the event that [appellee] shall earn more in wages, then said child support shall be 28% of his increased gross wages earned, but in no event shall said child support be less than the $1657.86 per month.” Thus, appellee agreed to pay $1,657.86 or 28 percent of his gross income, whichever was greater. Paragraph 17 of the agreement then provided for the waiver of appellee’s right to seek downward modification of his support obligation. In so providing, the parties incorporated verbatim the waiver language set forth by this Court in Varn v. Varn, 242 Ga. 309 (248 SE2d 667) (1978), namely, that the parties agreed to “hereby [713]*713waive their statutory right to future modifications, up or down, of the alimony payments provided for herein. . . Under Varn, use of this language “will be deemed to comply’ with the requirement that “the right to modification will be waived by agreement of the parties only in very clear waiver language which refers to the right of modification.” Id. at 311 (1). The trial court thereafter incorporated the settlement agreement into the divorce decree.1

In October 2002 appellee petitioned for modification of his child support obligation and in October 2004, after hearing evidence on the issues raised, the trial court rejected appellee’s challenge to the “floor amount” provision, recognizing that “[t]he law provides you can agree to pay more than the guidelines,” and specifically finding that “[tjhere is no evidence of fraud, mutual mistake, overbearing or any other legal defense to that contract. It was a settlement contract with many issues that could affect the agreement, including property division, potential alimony, etc.; therefore, the contract stands as enforceable, so the floor or minimum amount stands.” The trial court thus required appellee to pay child support in the amount of 28 percent of his then-salary of $93,500.

However, within the same term of court, appellee lost his job and moved for reconsideration of the October 2004 ruling.2 A hearing was held on appellee’s motion in April 2005; according to the narrative transcript prepared by the parties,3 appellee testified at the hearing that he had obtained a new job that paid him $60,000 per annum and “[n]o other evidence was forthcoming which related to [appellee’s] earnings and the drop in those earnings from the amount he earned prior to the termination of his employment in 2004 until he began working [his current job].”

The trial court thereafter entered the order that is the subject of this appeal. Based on the fluctuation of appellee’s income, the trial court imputed to appellee a yearly income of $75,000. Although this amount was $4,000 more than appellee’s income at the time of the original divorce decree, the trial court declined to calculate child support under the 28 percent figure set forth in Paragraph 7. Despite [714]*714the lack of any evidence adduced at the April 2005 hearing to support a finding contrary to that made by the court in October 2004, the trial court determined that “a special circumstance of the requirements of justice and fairness necessitate a modification” of its prior order and declared “void” the floor amount provision in the settlement agreement. The trial court then awarded 25 percent of appellee’s imputed income ($1,562.50 per month) as child support, which was $95.16 less per month than the floor amount to which the parties had agreed. This Court granted appellant’s application for discretionary appeal to address the propriety of the trial court’s ruling.

1. “The statutory right to seek revision of periodic child support payments belongs to the minor child and not to the custodial parent; therefore, the custodial parent cannot waive, and the parents cannot bargain away the child’s right to seek increases in child support payments. [Cit.]” Nelson v. Mixon, 265 Ga. 441-442 (1) (457 SE2d 669) (1995). “[Wjhile [a] child’s right to seek increases in the amount of alimony to be paid for child support may not be waived, an obligated parent may waive the right to seek a downward modification of such alimony. [Cits.]” Id. at 444 (Carley, J., dissenting). Although a parent cannot be forced to forfeit the right to seek a downward modification of child support, a parent is free to contract for such a provision, albeit the provision must be cast in “very clear waiver language which refers to the right of modification.” Varn, supra, 242 Ga. at 311 (1).

“Settlement agreements in divorce cases must be construed in the same manner and under the same rules as all other contractual agreements.” (Footnote omitted.) Schwartz v. Schwartz, 275 Ga. 107, 108 (1) (561 SE2d 96) (2002). “It is general contract law in Georgia that parties are free to contract about any subject matter, on any terms, unless prohibited by statute or public policy, and injury to the public interest clearly appears.” Rivergate Corp. v. McIntosh, 205 Ga. App. 189, 192 (421 SE2d 737) (1992). While parties are free to execute settlement agreements for the purpose of resolving matters arising out of a divorce, it is within the trial court’s discretion to decide whether to approve such an agreement in whole or in part, or refuse to approve it as a whole. Guthrie v. Guthrie, 277 Ga. 700, 701 (1) (594 SE2d 356) (2004). In making this determination, the trial court employs the three criteria set forth in Allen v. Allen, 260 Ga. 777 (2) (400 SE2d 15) (1991), and its decision thereafter to incorporate the settlement agreement into the divorce decree reflects that the trial court “reviewed the settlement agreement and found its contents to be within the bounds of the law.” Gravley v. Gravley, 278 Ga. 897, 899 (2) (608 SE2d 225) (2005).

In 2000 the trial court determined it was appropriate to incorporate into its divorce decree the parties’ agreement with its provisions setting appellee’s child support obligation for the couple’s two [715]*715children at 28 percent4 and waiving appellee’s right to downward modification below a pre-determined “floor amount” of alimony in the form of child support. The trial court here found in October 2004 that the settlement agreement was enforceable because there was “no evidence” of fraud, mutual mistake, overbearing or any other legal defense. See generally OCGA§ 13-5-1 et seq. (defense to contracts). Review of the entire record, including the transcript of the subsequent April 2004 hearing, establishes that this finding was demanded by the evidence adduced by the parties.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
632 S.E.2d 121, 280 Ga. 712, 2006 Fulton County D. Rep. 2186, 2006 Ga. LEXIS 467, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/jones-v-jones-ga-2006.