§ 52-560a — Damages for encroachment on state, municipal or nonprofit land conservation organization open space land. Attorney General enforcement. Civil action.

Connecticut § 52-560a

• Jurisdiction: Connecticut
• Title 52: Civil Actions
• Ch. 925: Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses

Text

(a) As used in this section, “open space land” includes, but is not limited to, any park, forest, wildlife management area, refuge, preserve, sanctuary, green or wildlife area owned by the state, a political subdivision of the state or a nonprofit land conservation organization and “encroach” means to conduct an activity that causes damage or alteration to the land or vegetation or other features thereon, including, but not limited to, erecting buildings or other structures, constructing roads, driveways or trails, destroying or moving stone walls, cutting trees or other vegetation, removing boundary markers, installing lawns or utilities, or using, storing, or depositing vehicles, materials or debris. (b) No person may encroach or cause another person to encroach on open space land or on any land for which the state, a political subdivision of the state or a nonprofit land conservation organization holds a conservation easement interest, without the permission of the owner of such open space land or holder of such conservation easement or without other legal authorization. (c) Any owner of open space land or holder of a conservation easement subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section or the Attorney General may bring an action in the superior court for the judicial district where the land is located against any person who violates the provisions of said subsection with respect to such owner's land or land subject to such conservation easement. The court shall order any person who violates the provisions of subsection (b) of this section to restore the land to its condition as it existed prior to such violation or shall award the landowner the costs of such restoration, including reasonable management costs necessary to achieve such restoration. In addition, the court may award reasonable attorney's fees and costs and such injunctive or equitable relief as the court deems appropriate. (d) In addition to any damages and relief ordered pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, the court may award damages of up to five times the cost of restoration or statutory damages of up to five thousand dollars. In determining the amount of the award, the court shall consider the willfulness of the violation, the extent of damage done to natural resources, if any, the appraised value of any trees or shrubs cut, damaged, or carried away as determined in accordance with the latest revision of The Guide for Plant Appraisal, as published by the International Society of Arboriculture, Urbana, Illinois, or a succeeding publisher, any economic gain realized by the violator and any other relevant factors.

Legislative History

(P.A. 06-89, S. 1.) Provision permitting injunctive and equitable relief authorized trial court to order a restoration plan that went beyond restoration of the property to its condition prior to defendant's violation of conservation restriction; attorney's fees were improperly awarded for plaintiff's proceedings before the wetlands commission, but properly awarded for the declaratory judgment portion of the court action due to provision allowing for attorney's fees in any action in which relief is granted. 325 C. 737. The trial court's punitive damages award was not compliant with Subsec. (d) after the court revised the initial restoration plan because, with no evidence of the cost of the plan, the ratio of punitive damages to actual damages became unknown. Id.