Sand Creek Country Club, Ltd. v. CSO Architects, Inc.

582 N.E.2d 872, 1991 Ind. App. LEXIS 2151, 1991 WL 262428
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 16, 1991
Docket46A03-9106-CV-175
StatusPublished
Cited by35 cases

This text of 582 N.E.2d 872 (Sand Creek Country Club, Ltd. v. CSO Architects, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Sand Creek Country Club, Ltd. v. CSO Architects, Inc., 582 N.E.2d 872, 1991 Ind. App. LEXIS 2151, 1991 WL 262428 (Ind. Ct. App. 1991).

Opinions

STATON, Judge.

The Sand Creek Country Club, Ltd. appeals an adverse judgment, raising the following issues:

I. Whether there was a binding contract between the parties.
II. Whether the contract contained a condition precedent to obtain financing.

CSO Architects, Inc. cross-appeal, raising an additional issue:

III. Whether the trial court erred in failing to include statutory prejudgment interest as part of the judgment.

[874]*874We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

In 1988, Sand Creek Country Club, Ltd. (“the Club”) entertained notions of expanding its clubhouse facilities. The Club contacted a number of architects in order to solicit designs for the proposed expansion. CSO Architects, Inc. (“CSO”) was eventually selected to design the new facilities, and discussion began over the particulars of the project. The Club was eager to begin work on the new facilities, although financing had not yet been obtained.

On July 25, 1988, a letter was sent from CSO to a Club official containing the following language:

As stated in my letter to you dated May 18, 1988, it was our intent to allow Mr. Dan Moriarity and Mr. Jim Schellinger of our office to start work on your project as early as possible in order to allow you to meet the goals that you have set for next fall. Also, it was the intent of CSO/Architects, Inc. to begin work on your project and delay any billings to you until your financing is in place. As I explained to you earlier, we will continue on this course until we reach a point where we can no longer continue without receiving some payment. Hopefully your financing will be in place long before we reach that point.

Record, p. 98. The letter went on to discuss the proposed fee structure to be included in the AIA contract. The letter continued:

When your financing is in place and the scope of work has been determined for any phase of the work, CSO/Architects, Inc. will prepare an AIA Contract in accordance with the guidelines set forth in this letter and it is hereby understood that nothing contained in this letter shall bind either until said AIA document is executed by both parties.

Record, p. 99. The letter was signed by a CSO representative and signed by a Club official as “accepted”.

At a meeting on September 9, 1988, Club officials gave CSO the “go-ahead” to begin work on the construction drawings. After the meeting, the Club president asked CSO’s executive vice-president to get together an American Institute of Architects (AIA) .Contract and send him a billing for $25,000 to cover work performed to that date.

A billing for the work performed was sent and no response was received. Further billings and inquiries similarly elicited no response. CSO eventually stopped work on the project and filed suit against the Club for breach of contract, requesting damages in the amount of $33,649.28 plus prejudgment interest.1 Following a bench trial, the trial court entered judgment for CSO in the amount of $33,649.28.

The trial court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law on its own motion. We are bound to review special findings of fact and conclusions of law under the following standard: we first must determine whether the evidence supports the findings; then determine whether the findings support the judgment. Kaminszky v. Kukuch (1990), Ind.App., 553 N.E.2d 868, 870, transfer denied. The judgment of the trial court will be affirmed if we conclude that the special findings support the judgment and are not clearly erroneous. Brancheau v. Weddle (1990), Ind.App., 555 N.E.2d 1315, 1317. A judgment is clearly erroneous where a review of the record leaves us with a firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Indiana Dept. of Correction v. Stagg (1990), Ind.App., 556 N.E.2d 1338, 1341, transfer denied. However where, as here, the trial court makes findings upon its own motion, the general judgment will control as to the issues upon which no findings were made and the specific findings control as to the issues which they cover. In re Marriage of Snemis (1991), Ind.App., 575 N.E.2d 650, 652. The general judgment will be affirmed if it can be sustained upon [875]*875any legal theory by the evidence introduced at trial. Id.

I.

Contract

The Club argues that there was no binding contract between the parties, relying upon the language in the July 25 letter stating that nothing contained therein would bind the parties. The trial court found that there was an agreement between the Club and CSO whereby CSO would provide architectural services and the Club would pay for the services. The Club argues that the letter was merely an “agreement to agree” which is unenforceable. See Wallace v. Mertz, Adm’r (1927), 86 Ind.App. 185, 156 N.E. 562.

The letter, however, was not the only evidence of an agreement between the parties. To be valid, a contract need not be in writing, but in some circumstances may be partly in writing and partly oral, or solely oral. Citizens Progress Co. v. James O. Held & Co. (1982), Ind.App., 438 N.E.2d 1016, 1021. There was also evidence that Club officials gave CSO the “go-ahead” to begin construction drawings and that the Club president instructed a CSO official to begin billing for work performed. This evidence supports the trial court’s finding that there was an agreement between the parties that CSO would provide architectural services and the Club would pay for those services. In fact, the Club specifically requested an early start by CSO so that the project could be expedited. While the letter may have constituted an “agreement to agree” to make an AIA contract, it was also evidence of the parties’ intention that CSO begin work on the project, prior to the execution of the contemplated AIA contract, for which it clearly intended to be compensated. Nor did the disclaimer contained in the letter apply to the collateral oral agreement between the parties. We conclude that there was a binding contract between the parties.

II.

Condition Precedent

The Club argues that the parties made the Club’s ability to obtain financing for the project a condition precedent to its obligation to pay for the services rendered by CSO. The trial court found otherwise.

A condition precedent is a condition which must be satisfied before an agreement becomes enforceable or a condition which must be fulfilled before the duty to perform an already existing contract arises. Kokomo Veterans, Inc. v. Schick (1982), Ind.App., 439 N.E.2d 639, 645, transfer denied. Conditions precedent are disfavored and must be explicitly stated. Krukemeier v. Krukemeier Mach. & Tool

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Bluebook (online)
582 N.E.2d 872, 1991 Ind. App. LEXIS 2151, 1991 WL 262428, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/sand-creek-country-club-ltd-v-cso-architects-inc-indctapp-1991.