Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. United States

71 Fed. Cl. 205, 2006 WL 1707241
United States Court of Federal Claims·Decided June 20, 2006·No. Nos. 04-74C, 04-75C·Published·Cited by 14 cases

Opinion

ORDER

HEWITT, Judge.

Before the court are Defendant’s Motion for Reconsideration of the Court’s Order Dated March 14, 2006 (Recons. Mot. or Reconsideration Motion), PG & E’s Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration (Pl.’s Resp. or Response), Defendant’s Re[p]ly to Plaintiffs Response to Defendant’s Motion for Reconsideration of the Court’s Order Dated March 14, 2006 (Def.’s Reply or Reply), and PG & E’s Surreply to Government’s Motion for Reconsideration of Court’s March 14, 2006 Order Regarding Deliberative Process Privilege (Pl.’s Surreply or Surreply). Pursuant to Rule 59 of the Rules of the Court of Federal Claims (RCFC), the Reconsideration Motion seeks reconsideration of the court’s Order dated March 14, 2006 compelling production of documents for which defendant claimed protection under the deliberative process privilege (Order to Compel). See Reeons. Mot. at 1.

In order to facilitate its reconsideration and to avoid possible sources of delay, the court ordered, while briefing on the Reconsideration Motion was pending, that defendant provide to the court for review in camera each document it continued to withhold under the deliberative process privilege. See [207]*207Order of April 23, 2006.1 In addition, the court ordered defendant to provide to the court for review in camera ex parte affidavits accompanying documents, written by the same government officials on whose affidavits defendant relied to invoke the deliberative process privilege. Id. The court ordered that these ex parte affidavits “describe with specificity the ‘precise and certain reasons’ for maintaining the confidentiality of each document that continues to be withheld,” id., a requirement found to be unfulfilled by defendant in the court’s Order to Compel, see Pac. Gas & Elec. Co. v. United States (PG & E), 70 Fed.Cl. 128, 141-42 (2006).

The court now has before it these documents and ex parte affidavits, submitted by defendant on April 11, 2006.2 See Defendant’s Notice of Submission of Documents and Ex Parte Affidavits for In Camera Review (Not. of Sub.) at 1. Plaintiff opposes the court’s direction to submit these documents and ex parte affidavits for review in camera as inconsistent with the court’s Order to Compel. See Pl.’s Resp. at 11. Alternatively, plaintiff asserts that, “to whatever extent the [c]ourt may consider the new affidavits, the [c]ourt should order them released to PG & E under the protective order (or at least to PG & E’s outside counsel) so as to avoid unfairness and severe prejudice.” Id. at 11 n. 2. Plaintiff states that, “if the [c]ourt should reverse the conclusion reached in its published opinion and find that the deliberative process privilege has been properly asserted as to one or more documents, PG & E is entitled to know what harm the government claimed in its affidavits so PG & E can[,] in turn, argue that its need outweighs the assert[ed] harm proffered by the government.” Pl.’s Surreply at 3.

The court now makes the following orders:

1. The 92 Documents as to Which Defendant Asserts a Privilege in Addition to the Deliberative Process Privilege

For the reasons stated in plaintiffs Response, see Pl.’s Resp. at 13, defendant shall not be required to produce any portion of the [208]*20892 documents as to which a privilege in addition to the deliberative process privilege, i.e., attorney-client privilege or work product protection, was asserted and not challenged, see Recons. Mot. at 27-28. However', to the extent that this Order&emdash;either directly or through its guidance&emdash;resolves in plaintiffs favor the question of whether defendant may continue to protect any of these 92 documents under the deliberative process privilege, defendant shall PRODUCE to plaintiff the documents with the attorney-client or work product material redacted.

II. The Documents Which Government Officials No Longer Believe to be Protected From Discovery by the Deliberative Process Privilege

Three of the four government officials upon whose affidavits defendant relies have withdrawn some of their previous assertions of protection of documents from discovery based on the deliberative process privilege. See Milner Deck at 9; Virgilio Decl. at 4; Marcinowski Deck at 5-6. Defendant states that, “[t]o the extent that no other privilege was asserted with regard to those documents, we expect to provide PG & E with copies of those documents.” Not. of Sub. Attachment (Att.) at 2 (cover letter from defendant to the court regarding submission of ex parte affidavits and documents to the court for review in camera.) To the extent that defendant has not already done so, defendant shall PRODUCE to plaintiff the documents previously withheld as to which a government official has withdrawn his claim of protection from discovery based on the deliberative process privilege.

III. The Documents Which Defendant Continues to Claim to be Protected From Discovery Under the Deliberative Process Privilege

Based on the briefing by the parties and the court’s reconsideration of the issues, the court disagrees with arguments advanced by defendant for reconsideration of the court’s Order to Compel. In particular, the court disagrees that, at the time the deliberative process privilege is asserted by the government, it need not obtain affidavits from appropriate government officials in support of its assertion. See Recons. Mot. at 6-16. First, the court did not, as defendant suggests, see id. at 6-7, find that the government waived the right to assert the deliberative process privilege by waiting until it responded to plaintiff’s motion to compel to execute affidavits in support of its assertion of the privilege, see generally PG & E, 70 Fed.Cl., at 142-44. Rather, the court merely found such practice to be “procedurally deficient,” thereby eroding the credibility of defendant’s claim of the privilege. See id., at 143. Second, the court takes issue with defendant’s argument that requiring affidavits in advance of a response to a motion to compel “would create an extraordinary&emdash;and completely unnecessary&emdash;demand on the scarce time of public officials.” Recons. Mot. at 13. As the court emphasized in its Order to Compel,

[t]he rationale for requiring an agency head or official to whom authority has been carefully delegated, rather than government counsel, to “invoke[] the privilege during an exhaustive examination of the voluminous documents at issue,” is to allow those “official[s] with expertise in the nature of the privilege claim and documents at issue,” to determine whether the public interest in confidentiality outweighs the public interest in disclosure.

PG & E, 70 Fed.Cl., at 143 (quoting Marriott Int’l Resorts, L.P. v. United States, 437 F.3d 1302, 1304, 1308 (Fed.Cir.2006)). In order to possess credibility and survive scrutiny, this determination should be made by a government official at the time the government asserts the deliberative process privilege. See id.

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Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. United States, 71 Fed. Cl. 205, 2006 WL 1707241 (uscfc 2006).

71 Fed. Cl. 205 (Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. United States) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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