Musselman v. Phillips

176 F.R.D. 194, 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16898, 1997 WL 631455
CourtDistrict Court, D. Maryland
DecidedOctober 10, 1997
DocketCiv. A. No. WMN-96-4075
StatusPublished
Cited by32 cases

This text of 176 F.R.D. 194 (Musselman v. Phillips) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Maryland primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Musselman v. Phillips, 176 F.R.D. 194, 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16898, 1997 WL 631455 (D. Md. 1997).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

GRIMM, United States Magistrate Judge.

This case has been assigned to me for the resolution of discovery disputes pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b) and Local Rule 301 (D.Md.1997). Presently pending before the Court is a dispute regarding the discoverability of certain information communicated by plaintiffs counsel to two experts who have been retained to testify at trial on behalf of the plaintiff. This Memorandum and Order deals with certain of these documents, namely seven letters from counsel for the plaintiff to the experts. For reasons set forth below, I will order that five of the documents be produced to the defendants.

BACKGROUND

The plaintiff, Ms. Bonnie Jean Musselman, has brought this action asserting a variety of causes of action, including the intentional [195]*195infliction of emotional distress (count 1) and violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq., (count 5) against numerous individual defendants as well as the Board of County Commissioners for Frederick County. Both of these counts seek damages for emotional and mental injuries allegedly suffered by Ms. Musselman.

On June 5, 1997,1 granted the defendants’ motion for a mental examination of the plaintiff pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 35(a). In that Order, I also directed that future discovery disputes could be submitted to me in letter format, to expedite their resolution and minimize expense. The present discovery dispute was raised in this way, and involves another aspect of the plaintiffs claims for emotional and mental injuries. Specifically, the plaintiff is resisting the production of portions of the records maintained with respect to her by two treating psychologists, Drs. Allan and Wendy Levy, as well as several letters written by plaintiffs counsel to the Levy, discussing the case. The basis for the objection is that the information is not discoverable because its disclosure is precluded by the attorney-client and/or work product privileges.1

By letter Order dated September 12,1997, I directed plaintiffs counsel to produce the foregoing documents for review in camera. By letter dated September 25, 1997, the plaintiff complied, sending me a total of 63 pages of documents. This Memorandum and Order addresses only the letters from plaintiffs counsel to the Levys, which may be described as follows: (1) document one, page 50, a letter dated 8/18/95 from plaintiffs counsel to the Levys. This letter discusses the legal standard which must be met under Maryland law in order for a claimant to obtain workers’ compensation benefits for mental disease arising from work-induced stress. The letter asks the Levys to take into consideration this law in connection with developing their opinions with regard to the causation of the plaintiffs claimed injuries; (2) document two, pages 9,11 and 13, a letter dated 11/3/95 from the plaintiffs attorney to the Levys regarding their psychological evaluation of the plaintiff for workers’ compensation benefits, discussing what should be covered in the Levys’ opinion; (3) document three, pages 51-53, a letter dated 3/5/97 from counsel for the plaintiff to the Levys discussing their possible role as expert witnesses in the pending litigation, addressing their compensation, and outlining in some detail (including parenthetical discussion of facts pertinent to the plaintiffs claimed injuries) what must be included in the expert report required by Fed.R.Civ.P. 26(a)(2)(B); (4) document four, pages 54-56, a letter dated 3/25/97 from plaintiffs attorney to the Levys which supplements the preceding letter and provides a format for the Rule 26(a)(2)(B) report, including the identification of four areas where the experts should provide opinions; (5) document five, page 47, a letter dated 4/7/97 from plaintiffs attorney to the Levys enclosing a draft report, apparently prepared by the attorney after a telephone conversation with Dr. Wendy Levy; (6) document six, pages 57-62, an undated draft of a letter to the Court regarding the discovery dispute which is the subject of this Memorandum and Order; and (7) document seven, page 63, a letter dated 9/16/97 from plaintiffs counsel to the Levys discussing my Order of September 12, 1997, and its effect on the disclosure of the documents which are the subject of this dispute.

It is clear from my review of these records that they were prepared by plaintiffs counsel in anticipation of litigation. It is equally undisputed that the Levys have been retained by the plaintiff to offer opinion testimony at trial. As to each of the foregoing documents, plaintiffs counsel asserts that [196]*196they are not discoverable because they are protected attorney work product. For reasons more fully explained below, I will order that documents (1) through (5) be produced.

DISCUSSION

The issue which presents itself in this case — whether an attorney’s communications with an expert retained to provide opinion testimony at trial regarding the subject matter of that testimony may be discovered by an adverse party — is one which is the subject of a vigorous debate, and the cases and commentaries are clearly divided regarding whether such communications are discoverable. Neither party has cited, and the Court’s research has not uncovered, any published opinion by either the Fourth Circuit or this Court on this issue. Accordingly, this analysis must be undertaken. The starting point is the scope of the work product rule under Fed.R.Civ.P. 26(b)(3).

The work product privilege has been incorporated into Federal Rule 26(b)(3),2 which provides, relevantly:

Subject t< the provisions of subdivision (b)(4) of this rule, a party may obtain discoveiy of documents and tangible things otherwise discoverable under subdivision (b)(1) of this rule and prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial by or for another party or by or for that other party’s representative (including the other party’s attorney, consultant, surety, indemnitor, insurer, or agent) only upon showing that the party seeking discovery has substantial need of the materials in the preparation or the party’s case and that the party is unable without undue hardship to obtain the substantial equivalent of the materials by other means. In ordering discovery of such materials when the required showing has been made, the court shall protect against disclosures of the mental impressions, conclusions, opinions, or legal theories of an attorney of other representative of a party concerning the litigation.

Fed.R.Civ.P. 26(b)(3). The leading case in this Circuit addressing the scope of work product rule under Federal Rule 26(b)(3) is National Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Murray Sheet Metal Co., Inc., 967 F.2d 980 (4th Cir.1992). There, the Fourth Circuit noted that:

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Bluebook (online)
176 F.R.D. 194, 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16898, 1997 WL 631455, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/musselman-v-phillips-mdd-1997.