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3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 8 AT SEATTLE
9 10 NIKOLA BOGICEVIC, CASE NO. C21-1573JLR 11 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING v. DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO 12 COMPEL ARBITRATION SEABOURN CRUISE LINE 13 LIMITED, 14 Defendant. 15 I. INTRODUCTION 16 Before the court is Defendant Seabourn Cruise Line Limited’s (“Seabourn”) 17 motion to compel arbitration. (Mot. (Dkt. # 4); Reply (Dkt. # 9).1) Plaintiff Nikola 18 Bogicevic opposes Seabourn’s motion. (Resp. (Dkt. # 7).) The court has considered the 19 motion, all submissions filed in support of and in opposition to the motion, the relevant 20 21
1 Unless otherwise indicated, the court uses the CM/ECF page numbers when citing to the 22 parties’ pleadings. 1 portions of the record, and the applicable law. Being fully advised,2 the court GRANTS 2 Seabourn’s motion to compel arbitration.
3 II. BACKGROUND 4 Mr. Bogicevic, a Serbian citizen, worked for Seabourn as a seafarer aboard the 5 cruise ship Seabourn Ovation (the “Vessel”). (See Compl. (Dkt. # 1) ¶ 5 (describing 6 himself as a seaman because of his position as a waiter aboard the Vessel); Mot. at 5 7 (describing him as a seafarer); Resp. at 1 (same).) The terms of his employment are set 8 forth in an Employment Agreement, signed by both parties prior to Mr. Bogicevic
9 boarding the Vessel, and a Collective Bargaining Agreement (“CBA”). (Ex. 1 to Mot. 10 (Dkt. # 4-1) (“Employment Agreement”); Ex. 2 to Mot. (Dkt. # 4-2) (“CBA”).) The 11 Employment Agreement provided Mr. Bogicevic notice that his employment was subject 12 to the CBA. (Employment Agreement.) By signing the Employment Agreement, Mr. 13 Bogicevic acknowledged he had “been afforded the opportunity to review the terms and
14 conditions . . . of the CBA”; that he had “been afforded an opportunity to seek advice on 15 th[e] agreement before signing it”; and that he “agree[d] to abide by the terms and 16 conditions set forth in th[e] agreement and . . . the CBA.” (See id.) Article 35 of the 17 CBA contains an arbitration provision, which states in pertinent part: 18 If not resolved by the Unions, the Owners/Company, and/or the Seafarer as provided in the Dispute Resolution Procedure above, all grievances and any 19 other dispute, whatsoever, whether in contract, regulatory, statutory, common law, tort or otherwise relating to or in any way connected with the 20 Seafarer’s service for the Owners/Company under this Agreement, including
21 2 Neither party has requested oral argument (see Mot. at 1; Resp. at 1), and the court finds that oral argument would not be helpful to its disposition of the motion. See Local Rules W.D. 22 Wash. LCR 7(b)(4). 1 but not limited to claims for personal injury/disability or death, no matter how described, pleaded or styled, and whether asserted against the 2 Owners/Company, Master, employer, Vessel owner, Vessel or Vessel operator shall be referred to and resolved exclusively by mandatory binding 3 arbitration pursuant to the United Nations Conventions on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York 1958), 21 U.S.T. 4 2517, 330 U.N.T.S, (“The Convention”), except as provided by any government mandated contract. In addition, Seafarer agrees to arbitrate any 5 and all disputes regarding the existence, validity, termination, or enforceability of any term or provision in this Agreement. 6 Any arbitration . . . shall be administered in accordance with the American 7 Arbitration Association – International Dispute Resolution Rules (“ICDR”) . . . . 8 The Owners/Company shall pay for the cost of arbitration proceedings. . . . 9 The Owners/Company, the Unions, and the Seafarer acknowledge that by 10 agreeing to arbitration they voluntarily and knowingly waive any right they may have to a jury trial. The arbitration referred to in this Article is 11 exclusive, mandatory, final and binding. Claims and lawsuits arising from or relating to the Seafarers service onboard the Vessel shall not be brought 12 by any party to this Agreement except to compel arbitration or to enforce the arbitration award. 13 (See CBA, Art. 35.) 14 Mr. Bogicevic alleges that he suffered injuries during two distinct events while he 15 was employed by Seabourn. First, on or about January 21, 2020, he allegedly sustained 16 severe injuries when his foot sunk into the sand and became stuck as he tried to move 17 while transporting food and beverages from Seabourn’s transport vessel onto Ko Kut 18 Island. (See Compl. ¶¶ 7-12.) Second, on or about April 2, 2020, he allegedly sustained 19 a severe injury to his left knee while descending an obstructed stairway aboard the 20 Seabourn Ovation. (See id. ¶ 13.) 21 // 22 1 On September 20, 2021, Mr. Bogicevic filed and commenced an arbitration 2 proceeding with the American Arbitration Association-International Dispute Resolution
3 Rules (“AAA-ICDR”), as required by the CBA, for injuries that he allegedly suffered 4 while employed by Seabourn. (See Resp. at 2.3) Shortly thereafter, an AAA-ICDR Case 5 Filing Specialist, sent a letter to the parties’ representatives, notifying Seabourn of its 6 obligation to pay the filing fee and provide a copy of the parties’ agreement concerning 7 arbitration. (See id.) The Case Filing Specialist stated that if the AAA-ICDR would 8 close the case if it did not receive these materials by November 1, 2021. (See id.)
9 Seabourn failed to pay the filing fee or provide a copy of the arbitration agreement by the 10 November 1, 2021 deadline. (See id.) As a result, the case was administratively closed 11 on November 5, 2021, pending receipt of the payment. (See id. at 3; see also Reply at 5.) 12 Seabourn ultimately paid the filings fee on or about November 15, 2021. (See 13 Reply at 5.) After confirming receipt of the arbitration filing fee, the Case Filing
14 Specialist asked Mr. Bogicevic to confirm that he wanted the arbitration to move 15 forward. (See id. at 5-6.) Mr. Bogicevic, however, declined to move forward with the 16 arbitration. (See id.) Instead, he commenced this lawsuit against Seabourn on November 17 22, 2021. (See generally Compl.) This matter involves the same causes of action that 18 Mr. Bogicevic invoked in the arbitration proceeding: (1) Jones Act negligence; (2)
19 // 20
3 The court cites to the assertions contained in the parties’ briefs because Mr. Bogicevic 21 did not file a declaration or exhibits to support the assertions in his response and Seabourn did not file a declaration or exhibits to support assertions in its reply. (See generally Dkt.) The court 22 also notes that the parties did not dispute these assertions. (See generally id.) 1 unseaworthiness; (3) failure to provide maintenance and cure; and (4) failure to treat.4 2 (See Resp. at 3; Compl. ¶¶ 14-48 (bringing claims under the Jones Act and general
3 maritime law).) 4 Seabourn now moves to compel arbitration and dismiss this action pursuant to 5 Chapter 2 of the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”), 9 U.S.C. §§ 201-208; the Convention 6 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 21 U.S.T. 2517; 7 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(3); and the terms and conditions of Mr. 8 Bogicevic’s Employment Agreement and the CBA. (See generally Mot.)
9 III. ANALYSIS 10 The court begins by addressing the legal standard for motions to compel 11 arbitration before turning to its analysis of Seabourn’s motion. 12 A. Legal Standard for Motions to Compel Arbitration 13 It is well-settled that “questions of arbitrability must be addressed with a healthy
14 regard for the federal policy favoring arbitration.” Moses H. Cone Mem’l Hosp. v. 15 Mercury Constr. Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 24 (1983). “[A]ny doubts concerning the scope of 16 arbitrable issues should be resolved in favor of arbitration . . . .” Id. at 24-25. “[T]he 17 emphatic federal policy in favor of arbitral dispute resolution . . . applies with special 18 force in the field of international commerce.” Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. Soler
19 Chrysler–Plymouth, Inc., 473 U.S. 614, 631 (1985). 20
4 These are standard causes of action for personal injury cases that arise in the maritime 21 context. See Javier v. Carnival Corp., No. 09CV2003-LAB WMC, 2010 WL 3633173, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 13, 2010) (citing Sementilli v. Trinidad Corp., 155 F.3d 1130, 1137 (9th Cir. 22 1998)). 1 International arbitration agreements, like the one in this case (see Employment 2 Agreement; CBA), are subject to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of
3 Foreign Arbitral Awards (the “Convention”). See Convention Done at New York June 4 10, 1958, 21 U.S.T. 2517 (entered into force with respect to the United States Dec. 29, 5 1970). The United States is a signatory to the Convention and implemented it through 6 the enactment of Chapter 2 of the FAA, 9 U.S.C. §§ 201-208. See GE Energy Power 7 Conversion France SAS, Corp. v. Outokumpu Stainless USA, LLC, 140 S. Ct. 1637, 1644 8 (2020). The Convention requires signatory states, such as the United States, “[to]
9 recognize an agreement in writing under which the parties undertake to submit to 10 arbitration all or any differences which have arisen or which may arise between them.” 11 See id. (quoting Convention, Art. II(1)); Lindo v. NCL (Bahamas), Ltd., 652 F.3d 1257, 12 1261 (11th Cir. 2011) (noting that the Convention requires signatory states “to give effect 13 to private international arbitration agreements and to recognize and enforce arbitral
14 awards made in other contracting states”). Article II, Section 3 of the Convention 15 provides that “[t]he court of a Contracting State . . . shall, at the request of one of the 16 parties, refer the parties to arbitration.” Convention Art. II(3); see also 9 U.S.C. § 206 17 (providing that “[a] court having jurisdiction under [Chapter 2] may direct that arbitration 18 be held in accordance with the agreement at any place therein provided for, whether that
19 place is within or without the United States”). 20 Courts determining whether to compel arbitration under the Convention and its 21 implementing legislation should conduct a “very limited inquiry.” Bautista v. Star 22 Cruises, 396 F.3d 1289, 1294 (11th Cir. 2005) (quoting Francisco v. STOLT 1 ACHIEVEMENT MT, 293 F.3d 270, 273 (5th Cir. 2002)); Balen v. Holland Am. Line 2 Inc., 583 F.3d 647, 654-55 (9th Cir. 2009). “Under Chapter 2 of the FAA, courts apply a
3 two-step analysis” when a party moves to compel arbitration pursuant to an agreement 4 governed by the Convention. See Mirza v. Cachet Hotel Grp. Ltd. Cayman L.P., No. 5 2:17-CV-07140-RGK-KS, 2017 WL 5593508, at *2 (C.D. Cal. Nov. 17, 2017), on 6 reconsideration, No. 2:17-CV-07140-RGK-KS, 2018 WL 4740174 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 10, 7 2018) (first citing Chloe Z Fishing Co. v. Odyssey Re (London) Ltd., 109 F. Supp. 2d 8 1236, 1241 (S.D. Cal. 2000); and then citing 9 U.S.C. § 206). First, the court analyzes
9 four preliminary questions to determine whether an arbitration agreement exists that falls 10 under the Convention. See id. (citing Chloe, 109 F. Supp. 2d at 1241); Balen, 583 F.3d at 11 654-55; Bautista, 396 F.3d at 1294 n.7. Second, if there is such an arbitration agreement, 12 the court must order arbitration unless the agreement is “null and void, inoperative or 13 incapable of being performed.” Convention, Art. II(3); see also Balen, 583 F.3d at
14 654-55 (quoting Mitsubishi Motors, 473 U.S. at 619 n. 3); Mirzai, 2017 WL 5593508, at 15 *2 (citing Chloe, 109 F. Supp. 2d at 1241). 16 B. Seabourn’s Motion to Compel Arbitration 17 Seabourn argues that Mr. Bogicevic’s claims in this action are subject to the 18 parties’ written arbitration agreement; that the agreement is enforceable under the
19 Convention; and that the court should compel arbitration with the AAA-ICDR in 20 accordance with the CBA and Mr. Bogicevic’s Employment Agreement, and dismiss this 21 action. (See generally Mot.; Reply.) Mr. Bogicevic does not challenge Seabourn’s 22 contention that the agreement satisfies the four jurisdictional prerequisites, nor does he 1 argue that the agreement is “null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed” 2 as provided by Article II, Section 3 of the Convention. (See Resp. at 3-6.) Instead, he
3 argues that the court should not compel arbitration because Seabourn “is effectively in 4 default” in the arbitration proceeding due to its untimely payment and, as a result, it 5 would be inappropriate to compel arbitration and stay the proceedings under 9 U.S.C. 6 §§ 3-4.5 (See id. (noting that the CBA requires Seabourn to pay the cost of arbitration).) 7 The court first considers whether the four jurisdictional prerequisites have been 8 met before discussing whether the parties’ arbitration agreement is unenforceable.
9 1. Whether the Arbitration Agreement Falls Under the Convention 10 An arbitration agreement falls under the Convention when the following four 11 jurisdictional prerequisites are met: (1) there is an agreement in writing, within the 12 meaning of the Convention, to arbitrate the dispute in question; (2) the agreement 13 provides for arbitration in the territory of a signatory of the Convention; (3) the
14 agreement arises out of a legal relationship, whether contractual or not, which is 15 considered commercial; and (4) a party to the agreement is not a U.S. citizen, or that the 16
17 5 Chapter 1 of the FAA, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16, contains the general provisions of the Act and generally governs motions to stay proceedings and compel arbitration pursuant to 18 non-Convention domestic arbitration agreements. See 9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16. Although the Convention and Chapter 2 of the FAA contain no express provision concerning a stay of the 19 underlying litigation, a court may compel arbitration and stay proceedings under Chapter 2 of the FAA and the Convention because “such authority exists both implicitly, as well as by 20 incorporation of Chapter 1 into Chapter 2 and the Convention through 9 U.S.C. § 208.” See DaPuzzo v. Globalvest Mgmt. Co., L.P., 263 F. Supp. 2d 714, 725 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). Chapter 1 of the FAA is inapplicable to the instant case, however, because the instant motion seeks to 21 compel arbitration pursuant to an international arbitration agreement governed by the Convention and Chapter 2 of the FAA and Seabourn does not seek to stay these proceedings 22 under 9 U.S.C. § 3. (See generally Mot.; Reply.) 1 commercial relationship has some reasonable relation with one or more foreign states. 2 Balen, 583 F.3d at 654-55 (quoting Bautista, 396 F.3d at 1294 n.7).
3 The court agrees with Seabourn’s contention that the four factors are satisfied in 4 the instant case.6 First, Mr. Bogicevic entered into an Employment Agreement with 5 Seabourn in which he “agree[d] to abide by the terms and conditions set forth in this 6 agreement and . . . the CBA.” (See Employment Agreement.) The CBA specifically 7 mandates the arbitration of “all grievances and any other dispute, whatsoever, whether in 8 contract, regulatory, statutory, common law, tort or otherwise relating to or in any way
9 connected with the Seafarer’s service for the Owners/Company under this Agreement, 10 including but not limited to claims for personal injury/disability or death.” (See CBA, 11 Art. 35.) Because the arbitration clause in the CBA is incorporated by reference into Mr. 12 Bogicevic’s signed Employment Agreement, the court concludes that the parties have an 13 agreement to arbitrate in writing as defined by the Convention. See Convention, Art.
14 II(2) (stating that parties have an “agreement in writing” if there is “an arbitral clause in a 15 contract or an arbitration agreement, signed by the parties”); Doe v. Princess Cruise 16 Lines, Ltd., 657 F.3d 1204, 1214-15 (11th Cir. 2011) (concluding that parties had an 17 arbitration agreement when document containing such an agreement was incorporated by 18 reference into the employment agreement). Moreover, the court concludes that the
20 6 Mr. Bogicevic did not address Seabourn’s arguments as to these four factors in his response (see generally Resp.), and the court construes his silence as an admission that the arguments have merit, see Local Rules W.D. Wash. LCR 7(b)(2); see also Nieuwejaar v. 21 Nationstar Mortg., LLC, No. C15-1663JLR, 2016 WL 1436123, at *4 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 12, 2016) (“The court construes Plaintiffs’ silence regarding this argument as an admission of its 22 merit, and declines to consider the issue further.”), aff’d, 700 F. App’x 723 (9th Cir. 2017). 1 parties’ arbitration agreement covers the dispute in question because Mr. Bogicevic’s 2 claims arise out of injuries that he allegedly suffered while working for Seabourn and
3 thus are clearly “relat[ed] to or . . . connected with” that service. (See Compl. ¶¶ 5-48; 4 see also CBA, Art. 35.) 5 Second, while the agreement does not expressly identify the forum for arbitration, 6 it does provide that the arbitration will be conducted by the AAA-ICDR in accordance 7 with its rules. (See CBA, Art. 35.) Because the AAA-ICDR is an American 8 organization, the court finds that the agreement provides for arbitration in the United
9 States, a signatory country to the Convention.7 See GE Energy, 140 S. Ct. at 1644; see 10 also Vera v. Cruise Ships Catering, No. CV 13-62022-CIV, 2014 WL 12478007, at *1 11 (S.D. Fla. May 6, 2014) (finding the second jurisdictional prerequisite met where the 12 CBA said that disputes “shall be subject to the arbitrate of a Board of Arbitration in 13 accordance with Italian Law” and Italy is signatory to the Convention), aff’d sub nom.
14 Vera v. Cruise Ships Catering & Servs. Int’l, N.V., 594 F. App’x 963 (11th Cir. 2014); In 15 re Guardianship of Sequerra v. Lines, No. 07-20929-CIV, 2007 WL 9702895, at *3 (S.D. 16 Fla. Apr. 24, 2007) (finding the second prerequisite met where the agreement provided 17 that “arbitration shall proceed before a voluntary arbitrator or panel of arbitrators or 18 before the NLRC,” which referred to organizations located in the Philippines, and stated
19 that disputes shall be governed by the laws of the Philippines, a signatory to the 20 Convention). 21
7 Seabourn argues that the agreement provides for arbitration in the United States (see 22 Mot. at 10), and Mr. Bogicevic does not challenge this position (see generally Resp.). 1 Third, the agreement arises out of a cruise ship employment contract, which has 2 been recognized by the Ninth Circuit as a commercial relationship. See Rogers v. Royal
3 Caribbean Cruise Line, 547 F.3d 1148, 1154-57 (9th Cir. 2008) (enforcing the arbitration 4 provisions in the plaintiffs’ cruise ship employment contracts since the employment 5 contracts were commercial). Fourth, Mr. Bogicevic is a citizen of Serbia, not the United 6 States. (See Compl. ¶ 3.) 7 Because all four factors have been satisfied, the court concludes that the parties’ 8 agreement to arbitrate this dispute falls under the Convention.
9 2. Whether the Arbitration Agreement is Unenforceable 10 If the Convention applies to an arbitration agreement, the court must order 11 arbitration unless the agreement is “null and void, inoperative or incapable of being 12 performed.” Convention, Art. II(3); see also Balen, 583 F.3d at 654-55 (quoting 13 Mitsubishi Motors, 473 U.S. at 619 n.3); Javier, 2010 WL 3633173, at *3 (noting that the
14 concern here is not with the underlying, substantive fairness of an arbitration clause, but 15 rather the validity of the agreement that contains that clause). “The Convention’s ‘null 16 and void’ clause . . . limits the bases upon which an international arbitration agreement 17 may be challenged to standard breach-of-contract defenses” such as “fraud, mistake, 18 duress, and waiver.” Bautista, 396 F.3d at 1302 (quoting DiMercurio v. Sphere Drake
19 Ins. PLC, 202 F.3d 71, 79-80 (1st Cir. 2000)). In light of “‘the strong public policy 20 favoring arbitration,’ including international arbitration,” the party challenging the 21 validity of the agreement bears the burden of establishing that the agreement is 22 unenforceable. Balen, 583 F.3d at 654 (first citing Mitsubishi Motors, 473 U.S. at 631; 1 and then quoting Lozano v. AT & T Wireless Servs., Inc., 504 F.3d 718, 726 (9th Cir. 2 2007)); Rogers, 547 F.3d at 1158.
3 Mr. Bogicevic argues that Seabourn “is effectively in default” for failing to pay 4 the arbitration filing fee by the deadline and, in light of such default, it would be 5 inappropriate for the court to stay this case and compel arbitration pursuant to 9 U.S.C. 6 §§ 3, 4.8 (See Resp. at 3-6 (citing Sink v. Aden Enterprises, Inc., 352 F.3d 1197, 1201 7 (9th Cir. 2003)).) He claims that granting Seabourn’s motion to compel arbitration would 8 “indefinitely postpone litigation” and allow Seabourn to “default a second time.” (See
9 id.) The court construes this argument as asserting a waiver defense. 10 Mr. Bogicevic asks the court to apply the Ninth Circuit’s holding in Sink v. Aden 11 Enterprises, Inc. (See Resp. at 4-6.) In Sink, an employee brought an action in federal 12 court alleging the employer breached his employment agreement. Sink, 352 F.3d at 1198. 13 The district court stayed the action and compelled arbitration pursuant to Chapter 1 of the
14 FAA based on the arbitration clause in the employment agreement. Id. Although the 15 employer was required to pre-pay the costs of arbitration pursuant to the employment 16 agreement, it failed to do so before the payment deadline. See id. at 1198-99 (noting that 17 the arbitrator confirmed the deadline in two letters). The arbitrator granted the 18 employee’s motion for an order of default, and the arbitration organization cancelled the
19 arbitration. Id. at 1199. The employee then filed a motion to lift the stay in the district 20
21 8 As discussed above, 9 U.S.C. §§ 3, 4 are inapplicable to this case because Seabourn does not seek to stay these proceedings, nor does it seek to compel arbitration under Chapter 1 of 22 the FAA. (See generally Mot.; Reply.) 1 court, which the court granted. Id. Shortly thereafter, the employer informed the court 2 that it had obtained the money necessary to proceed with arbitration and again moved to
3 compel arbitration and stay the proceedings pursuant to Sections 3 and 4 of the FAA. See 4 id. The court denied its request after finding the employer had defaulted in the arbitration 5 proceeding and thus waived its right to arbitrate. See id. In affirming the district court’s 6 order denying the employer’s second motion to compel, the Ninth Circuit held that “a 7 party to an arbitration agreement may not compel arbitration of claims under FAA § 4 8 where a prior default in arbitration of those claims precludes that party from obtaining a
9 stay of litigation pending arbitration under § 3.” See id. at 1200-02. 10 The court agrees with Seabourn, however, that this case is readily distinguished 11 from Sink. (See Reply at 6-8). Sink and the other cases Mr. Bogicevic cites in his 12 response hold that a party can lose the right to compel arbitration through an order of 13 default or the permanent termination of the arbitration proceedings based on nonpayment.
14 (See Resp. at 4-5 (citing cases).) Here, however, the AAA-ICDR entered no such order. 15 (See Reply at 4-6.) Unlike the employer in Sink, Seabourn paid the filing fee and the 16 Case Filing Specialist attempted to reinitiate the arbitration proceeding. (See id. 17 (“Because Seabourn paid the fees, it ensured the parties could, and still can, pursue 18 arbitration.”).) At least one court in this circuit has concluded that a short delay in
19 payment of filing fees is not a material breach that results in waiver of an agreement to 20 arbitrate. See McLellan, 3:16-CV-00036-JD, 2018 WL 3549042, at *5 (N.D. Cal. July 21 24, 2018) (stating that the defendant’s payment of fees, albeit late, “was enough to avert 22 the application of [Sink]”). 1 Although Mr. Bogicevic, like the employee in Sink, moved for an order of default 2 in the arbitration proceeding, arbitrator did not enter default against Seabourn. (See id.);
3 see also Dekker v. Vivint Solar, Inc., --- F. App’x ---, 2021 WL 4958856, at *1 (9th Cir. 4 Oct. 26, 2021) (reversing district court’s order vacating its order compelling arbitration 5 that relied on Sink in part because the defendant had paid its arbitration fees after a brief 6 delay and no order of default had been entered); N. St., LLC v. Clipper Const., LLC, CIV. 7 A. 08-4604, 2010 WL 3523025, at *3 (E.D. La. Sept. 2, 2010) (“The Court finds that it is 8 premature at this time to lift the stay of federal proceedings. Here, unlike the arbitrator in
9 Sink, the arbitrator has not entered an order that Clipper is in default.”). Finally, this case 10 is procedurally distinguishable from Sink because Seabourn does not seek to stay these 11 proceedings pursuant to 9 U.S.C. § 3.9 (See Reply at 4-8 (seeking to compel arbitration 12 and dismiss this action pursuant to the Convention and 9 U.S.C. §§ 201-208).) 13 Under the court’s “very limited inquiry” at this stage, see Bautista, 396 F.3d at
14 1294, it declines to hold the arbitration agreement unenforceable under the Convention 15 and its implementing legislation based on Seabourn’s brief delay in payment of the 16 arbitration filing fee in the absence of an order of default from the arbitrator or the 17 permanent termination of the arbitration proceedings. Moreover, the court agrees with 18 Seabourn’s contention that even if Mr. Bogicevic wished to argue that Seabourn
19 materially breached the agreement by its brief delay in payment of the arbitration fees, 20
21 9 The court also notes that Mr. Bogicevic did not ask the court to stay these proceedings in the event that it grants Seabourn’s motion to compel arbitration. (See generally Resp.) Thus, 22 neither party in this case asks the court to stay these proceedings while arbitration proceeds. 1 such an issue should be determined by the arbitrator in light of the delegation provision in 2 the CBA. (See CBA, Art. 35 (stating that the employee “agrees to arbitrate any and all
3 disputes regarding the existence, validity, termination, or enforceability of any term or 4 provision in this Agreement”); Reply at 7-9 (citing Dekker, 2021 WL 4958856, at *1 5 (stating that Sink “does not alter the enforceability” of the parties’ delegation clause and, 6 in light of that clause, the arbitrator should resolve the parties’ dispute regarding whether 7 the defendant breached the arbitration agreements)).) 8 In sum, the court concludes that it must compel arbitration in this case pursuant to
9 the Convention and its implementing legislation because the four jurisdictional 10 prerequisites are satisfied and Mr. Bogicevic fails to establish that the arbitration 11 agreement is “null and void.” See Balen, 583 F.3d at 654-55; Convention, Art. II(3). 12 IV. CONCLUSION 13 For the reasons stated above, the court GRANTS Seabourn’s motion to compel
14 arbitration (Dkt. # 4); ORDERS the parties to proceed with arbitration in accordance with 15 the terms of Mr. Bogicevic’s Employment Agreement and the CBA; and DIRECTS the 16 Clerk to administratively close this case. Either party may move to reopen this matter for 17 good cause shown. 18 Dated this 18th day of January, 2022.
19 A 20 21 JAMES L. ROBART United States District Judge 22