JurisdictionCaliforniaCode WICWelfare and Institutions Code - WIC
Div. 2.DIVISION 2. CHILDREN
Part 1.PART 1. DELINQUENTS AND WARDS OF THE JUVENILE COURT
Ch. 2.CHAPTER 2. Juvenile Court Law
Art. 7.ARTICLE 7. Dependent Children—Temporary Custody and Detention
(a)In any Indian child custody proceeding as defined by Section 224.1, the court shall determine the child’s residence and domicile as defined in Section 224.1 and in the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.).
(b)If at any stage of an Indian child custody proceeding as defined in Section 224.1 and in Section 1903 of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, the court receives information from the child welfare agency or any other source that suggests an Indian child is already a ward of a tribal court or resides or is domiciled within a reservation of an Indian tribe that has exclusive jurisdiction over child custody proceedings, as recognized in Section 1911 of Title 25 of the United States Code, or reassumed exclusive
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(a)
In any Indian child custody proceeding as defined by Section 224.1, the court shall determine the child’s residence and domicile as defined in Section 224.1 and in the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.).
(b)
If at any stage of an Indian child custody proceeding as defined in Section 224.1 and in Section 1903 of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, the court receives information from the child welfare agency or any other source that suggests an Indian child is already a ward of a tribal court or resides or is domiciled within a reservation of an Indian tribe that has exclusive jurisdiction over child custody proceedings, as recognized in Section 1911 of Title 25 of the United States Code, or reassumed exclusive
jurisdiction over Indian child custody proceedings pursuant to Section 1918 of Title 25 of the United States Code, the state court shall expeditiously notify the tribe and the tribal court of the pending dismissal based on the tribe’s exclusive jurisdiction. The notification shall advise the tribe that the state court will dismiss the child custody proceeding upon receiving confirmation from the tribe that the child is a ward of a tribal court or subject to the tribe’s exclusive jurisdiction.
(c)
Unless otherwise agreed upon by the state and the tribe pursuant to Section 1919 of Title 25 of the United States Code, upon receipt of confirmation that the child is already a ward of a tribal court or is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of an Indian tribe as described in subdivision (b), the state court shall dismiss the child custody proceeding and ensure that the tribal court is sent all information regarding the proceeding, including, but not
limited to, the pleadings and any state court record. If the local agency has not already transferred physical custody of the Indian child to the child’s tribe, the state court shall order that the local agency do so forthwith and hold in abeyance any dismissal order pending confirmation that the Indian child is in the physical custody of the tribe. This subdivision does not preclude a state court from ordering an Indian child detained on an emergency basis pursuant to Section 319 if emergency removal is necessary to protect the child from imminent physical damage or harm and if more time is needed to facilitate the transfer of custody of the Indian child from the county welfare department to the tribe.
(d)
In the case of an Indian child who is not a ward of a tribal court or subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of an Indian tribe, as described in subdivision (b), the state court shall transfer the proceeding to the jurisdiction of the child’s
tribe upon petition of either parent, the Indian custodian, or the child’s tribe, unless the state court finds good cause not to transfer. The petition for transfer may be made orally on the record or in writing at any stage of the proceedings. Upon receipt of a petition for transfer, the state court shall terminate jurisdiction only after receiving confirmation that the tribal court has accepted the transfer. At the time that the state court terminates jurisdiction, the state court shall also do both of the following:
(1)
Expeditiously provide the tribal court with all records related to the proceeding, including, but not limited to, the pleadings and any state court record.
(2)
Work with the tribal court to ensure that the transfer of the child and of the proceeding is accomplished smoothly and in a way that minimizes the disruption of services to the family.
(e)
(1)
If a petition to transfer proceedings as described in subdivision (d) is made orally on the record or in writing, the state court shall find good cause to deny the petition if either of the following circumstances are shown to exist:
(A)
One or both of the child’s parents object to the transfer.
(B)
The tribal court of the child’s tribe declines the transfer.
(2)
In determining whether good cause exists to deny a transfer, the state court shall not consider any of the following:
(A)
Socioeconomic conditions and the perceived adequacy of tribal social services or judicial systems.
(B)
Whether the
child custody proceeding is at an advanced stage if the Indian child’s parent, Indian custodian, or tribe did not receive notice of the child custody proceeding until an advanced stage. It shall not, in and of itself, be considered an unreasonable delay for a party to wait until reunification efforts have failed and reunification services have been terminated before filing a petition to transfer.
(C)
Whether there have been prior proceedings involving the child for which no transfer petition was filed.
(D)
Whether the transfer could affect the placement of the child.
(E)
Whether the Indian child has cultural connections with the tribe or its reservation.
(3)
The burden of establishing good cause not to transfer shall be on the party opposing the
transfer. If the state court believes, or any party asserts, that good cause not to transfer exists, the reasons for that belief or assertion shall be stated orally on the record or in writing and made available to all parties who are petitioning for the transfer, and the petitioner shall have the opportunity to provide information or evidence in rebuttal of the belief or assertion.
(4)
This section and Sections 1911 and 1918 of Title 25 of the United States Code shall not be construed as requiring a tribe to petition the Secretary of the Interior to reassume exclusive jurisdiction pursuant to Section 1918 of Title 25 of the United States Code prior to exercising jurisdiction over a proceeding transferred under subdivision (d).
(f)
If any petitioner in an Indian child custody proceeding has improperly removed the child from the custody of the parent or Indian custodian or has
improperly retained custody after a visit or other temporary relinquishment of custody, the state court shall decline jurisdiction over the petition and shall immediately return the child to his or her parent or Indian custodian, unless retaining the child outside the custody of his or her parent or Indian custodian is necessary to prevent imminent physical damage or harm.
(g)
This section shall not be construed to prevent the emergency removal of an Indian child who is a ward of a tribal court or resides or is domiciled within a reservation of an Indian tribe that has exclusive jurisdiction over child custody proceedings, but is temporarily located off the reservation, from a parent or Indian custodian or the emergency placement of the child in a foster home or institution in order to prevent imminent physical damage or harm to the child. The state or local authority shall ensure that the emergency removal or placement terminates immediately
when the removal or placement is no longer necessary to prevent imminent physical damage or harm to the child and shall expeditiously initiate an Indian child custody proceeding, transfer the child to the jurisdiction of the Indian child’s tribe, or restore the child to the parent or Indian custodian, as may be appropriate.
(h)
When an Indian child is transferred from a state court to an Indian tribe pursuant to subdivision (c), (d), or (g), the county shall, pursuant to Section 827.15, release the child case file to the tribe having jurisdiction.