Wickwire v. State

725 P.2d 695, 1986 Alas. LEXIS 390
CourtAlaska Supreme Court
DecidedSeptember 19, 1986
DocketS-1138
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 725 P.2d 695 (Wickwire v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Alaska Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wickwire v. State, 725 P.2d 695, 1986 Alas. LEXIS 390 (Ala. 1986).

Opinions

MOORE, Justice.

This appeal stems from the termination of Thomas R. Wickwire from his position as an assistant attorney general for the State of Alaska. Wickwire asserts that he was fired for speaking out on a matter of public concern and that his dismissal violated his rights to free speech and to petition the government under the state and federal constitutions. We conclude that the trial court properly rejected Wickwire’s claim. We affirm the award of summary judgment to the State, but reverse the award of attorney’s fees against Wickwire.

I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Because resolution of this appeal requires a complete understanding of the facts, the events leading up to Wickwire’s termination are set forth in detail.

Wickwire worked for the State as an assistant attorney general from 1970 until his firing in late 1982. In October 1980 Larry Wood was promoted to chief of the Attorney General’s Fairbanks office, where Wickwire worked, and became Wickwire’s immediate supervisor.

Soon after he took over, Wood requested an additional attorney be assigned to the Fairbanks office because of an overload of cases in the human services section. No attorney was added for several months, so Wood began assigning human services cases to lawyers in other sections. In May 1981 Wood assigned two children’s proceedings to Wickwire, who normally did not handle such cases. Wickwire objected to the assignments because he was “not familiar with them” and was “too busy.” In July, after refusing another case assignment, Wickwire wrote a memo to Wood expressing concern that his workload had become so heavy that it endangered his ability to handle his cases competently. Wickwire’s memo stated in part:

The point is the deadlines are coming up so frequently that I do not have time to reflect on the content. This totally defensive position is affecting the potential outcome of these cases. That is, I am forced into a malpractice position because I cannot pay attention to detail. I have overlooked some important details in the past several weeks despite working evenings and weekends....
... It is my duty to refuse work that I do not have time to handle diligently or without neglecting other work.

In a reply memo Wood stated in part:

With regard to your caseload, the obvious reason I sat down with you recently was to make sure I had a good handle on what your situation is — and I found out. You have no more work to do than any of the rest of us.

Wickwire responded with a long memo in which he reiterated his caseload/malpractice concern. He stated in part:

I do believe you are making some mistakes that until corrected are unnecessar[697]*697ily risking the State’s interests. I respect the authority I am under and will follow orders except when they conflict with the ethical obligation I owe to each client agency I represent or, of course, if the order were to do something illegal or immoral — the “Watergate” type order. When I refused to take the work comp case last week I did so only because to spend any time on it at all would have forced me to neglect cases already entrusted to me as well as the new case.
I recently reread [DR 6-101 & 6-102] of the Professional Canons....
In other words, I am not allowed to malpractice, even if the boss orders me to but, if I do, I am not allowed to try to squirm out of it by saying, for example, the boss ordered me to.

A few days later Wickwire left on a vacation. Upon his return, Wickwire received a memo from Wood detailing several problems that arose during Wickwire’s absence, due to his failure to arrange to have his cases covered. Wood also criticized Wickwire for leaving on vacation without providing a telephone contact number as required by office policy. Wood further stated:

I sat down with you and carefully reviewed each and every one of your cases and concluded that you have no more a caseload than anyone of us in the office. ...
In short, I am satisfied that your workload should allow you to undertake even more cases, and if others are reassigned and refused, we, again, are going to have a real problem.

Wood indicated that he planned to send copies of their memos to Ronald Lorensen, the deputy attorney general in Juneau who was second in command of the Department of Law.

Wickwire responded with a memo stating in part:

Concerning the problems you had with my cases while I was on vacation, they were all small nuisance matters that I had no idea were my responsibility to eliminate in order to take a vacation. I was too busy with bigger problems to deal with them before I left. I cannot stop my cases while I take a vacation.
[[Image here]]
If your being the boss authorizes you to order me to work more cases when I believe that will require me to neglect the cases I already have then I need to hear that from someone higher than you.
You recently ordered me to file a new unemployment tax collection case by a deadline that is right in the middle of trial preparation in a large, very active case. I am not going to do that.

During the next month, October 1981, Wickwire asked Wood for permission to take on what Wickwire termed a “full scale case” involving prosecution of foreign nationals for violation of Alaska fish and game laws. Wood initially refused because of Wickwire's previous workload complaints. When Wickwire persisted in his efforts to get the case, Wood subsequently agreed to assign it to him. Wickwire then requested, but was denied, permission to take an investigative trip to Belgium in connection with the case.

In November Wood sent Lorensen copies of the Wood-Wickwire memos concerning Wickwire’s caseload. Lorensen read the materials, evaluated Wickwire’s caseload and compared the caseloads of other department attorneys. Lorensen concluded that Wickwire “could in fact take on more work if he were willing to rearrange his own work priorities.”

In December Lorensen wrote a memo to Wickwire emphasizing Wood’s authority as office chief. The memo stated in part:

I have no doubt, based on reading the various memoranda, that you genuinely believe that your professional judgment and, perhaps, integrity are being attacked or, at least, questioned. While you may see it that way, I don’t — and I don’t believe Larry does either. It’s really a question of authority: authority to set priorities and to reorder priorities when the need arises; authority to assign work and establish deadlines—
[698]*698With respect to the work of the Fairbanks office, Larry has that authority....
[[Image here]]
... I don’t lose my temper easily or often. I did not do so when going through the memos (despite some very insubordinate and ill considered language by you). But I have to admit that I came pretty dam close to doing so when, after reading over and over how you didn’t have time available to make phone calls, read through worker’s comp files ...

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Bluebook (online)
725 P.2d 695, 1986 Alas. LEXIS 390, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wickwire-v-state-alaska-1986.