Whiteley v. State

372 S.E.2d 296, 188 Ga. App. 129, 1988 Ga. App. LEXIS 890
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedJuly 15, 1988
Docket75829
StatusPublished
Cited by39 cases

This text of 372 S.E.2d 296 (Whiteley v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Whiteley v. State, 372 S.E.2d 296, 188 Ga. App. 129, 1988 Ga. App. LEXIS 890 (Ga. Ct. App. 1988).

Opinions

Beasley, Judge.

Whiteley was convicted of improper lane usage (OCGA § 40-6-40) and driving under the influence of alcohol (OCGA § 40-6-391 (A) (1) & (4)). The subsection (4) conviction was merged with the subsection (1) conviction for sentencing.

1. The primary question on appeal is whether the trial judge abused his discretion in denying a mistrial and instead instructing the jury to disregard the arresting officer’s statement, which was not specifically solicited but was made in the course of explaining the preliminary tests for sobriety he conducted when he stopped defendant.

After eliciting the officer’s background and referring him to the date in question, the solicitor asked the witness: “Would you tell the jury, please, in a chronological sequence, what contact you had with this defendant?” The witness gave a detailed narrative, including a description of all of the manifestations which led him to believe that defendant was driving under the influence and which caused him to arrest defendant and take him in for a statutory test. In the course of explaining what field tests he administered and their results, he stated: “I asked him to submit to another field test, which is an alcosensor test that we give out in the field also — he said he would take that. He read .12. . . Defendant objected, without stating the grounds, and the court immediately instructed the jury to disregard the results because they were not admissible since the field test was not developed sufficiently to be admissible at trial and was only a device for determining probable cause.

After questioning the officer out of the presence of the jury and hearing from the solicitor, defendant moved for a mistrial on the grounds of prosecutorial misconduct and inherent prejudice from the statement itself. It appeared that the state was not aware that the witness might give the results and had not talked to the witness about this evidence. It also appeared that the witness, while knowing that such test results were not admissible for the purpose of proving that defendant was driving while under the influence, did not realize that he could not give them as reason for his arrest of defendant.

The court denied the mistrial and again clearly and firmly instructed the jury not to consider the statement. It was thus summarily and conclusively excluded from evidence. The record does not support an assumption that, as a matter of law, the curative instructions were not, or could not be, adhered to by the jury; nor does it [130]*130support a conclusion that, as a matter of law, the court abused its discretion in choosing a less extreme remedy. Stanley v. State, 250 Ga. 3, 4 (2) (295 SE2d 315) (1982); Barrow v. State, 235 Ga. 635, 640 (8) (221 SE2d 416) (1975); see also Calloway v. State, 165 Ga. App. 511 (301 SE2d 678) (1983).

The trial judge expressly found as fact that there was no prosecutorial misconduct, and this is supported by the evidence that the state’s counsel talked to the witness for only a few minutes before trial and not at all about the field test. It is implicit that he considered the officer’s explanation of why he stated it. We are bound by that finding as this court is not a trial court and not a factfinder. Byrd v. State, 171 Ga. App. 344, 345 (3) (319 SE2d 460) (1984). As to the question of prosecutorial misconduct which may warrant mistrial, see Hampton v. State, 179 Ga. App. 14 (345 SE2d 117) (1986), and the cases cited therein.

It was also the trial court’s judgment, based on the content and the circumstances in which the statement was uttered, that although the officer knew that the results of such tests could not be admitted as evidence of the ultimate issue of alcohol-influenced driving, the jury’s hearing the statement could be cured of any influence such a hearing might have in the determination of guilt, by instruction. The trial court has broad discretion in fashioning a remedy to alleviate a problem created by the utterance of inadmissible evidence, and its exercise may not be reversed unless abused. See discussion, 28 Encyl. Ga. Law, “Trial” § 46.

The record does not support a conjecture that the trial court misapprehended that prejudicial error itself would not be cause for mistrial even if there was no prosecutorial misconduct in causing error. The motion was stated to be based on the two grounds, prejudicial error and prosecutorial misconduct prompting the error. After expressing the finding that there was no prosecutprial misconduct, the court explained that the instructions cured the error and, to assure that, it would so instruct the jury again. Thus it is clear that the court considered the ground of prejudice itself and rejected it. We do not assume that the court erred, particularly where the record complements the presumption that it did not.

While the ruling does not appear to be even equivocal on this point, even if it were, it would be subject to the same principle which relates to orders: “If an order is equivocal and susceptible of more than one interpretation, it will be construed consistently with the theory that the judge performed his duty by considering the evidence and making a finding from it, where the issue is one for such determination.” Fortson v. Fortson, 195 Ga. 750, 758 (3) (25 SE2d 518) (1943). As further noted in Smith v. Manley, 96 Ga. App. 158, 161 (99 SE2d 534) (1957), “this court will not presume the trial court commit[131]*131ted error where that fact does not affirmatively appear.” The judge is presumed to know the law, not the opposite.

Here, then, the presumption is that the court knew that prejudicial error, when the prejudice cannot be removed by jury instruction, requires mistrial.

We cannot say that, as a matter of law, the curative instructions were insufficient in this case to ameliorate the making of the statement which was promptly expelled from evidence. We do not assume that the jury could not or did not abide by the judge’s instructions. They were given immediately after the gratuitous statement was made by the witness, and the court even explained why the evidence could not be considered. Plus they were repeated as soon as the jury returned after the court and counsel considered the matter more fully out of its hearing.

While we agree that any law enforcement officer, and much more one as experienced as the witness in this case, should be apprised and apprise himself of the rules in connection with his testimony and abide by them, the law does not require a mistrial when one is breached. Whether it was a deliberate and conscious disregard in this case was not found by the trial judge, and on review we cannot make original findings or assume facts. We cannot ascertain from the record the manner in which it was said or the inflections and other facets of the excised communication. Nor can we sit in judgment of the sincerity of the witness when asked to explain the making of the statement, since we were not present to hear or observe him as was the trial judge.

Even if it was uttered with a sinister motive, a mistrial would not be required, because the question is one of fair trial. Stanley, supra.

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Bluebook (online)
372 S.E.2d 296, 188 Ga. App. 129, 1988 Ga. App. LEXIS 890, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/whiteley-v-state-gactapp-1988.