United States v. Rodriguez-Reyes

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
DecidedJanuary 29, 2007
Docket06-2043
StatusPublished

This text of United States v. Rodriguez-Reyes (United States v. Rodriguez-Reyes) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Rodriguez-Reyes, (10th Cir. 2007).

Opinion

F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS January 29, 2007 TENTH CIRCUIT Elisabeth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court

U N ITED STA TES O F A M ER IC A ,

P l a in t i f f - A p p e ll e e , v. No. 06-2043 LEON AR DO RO DR IGU EZ- (D .C . N o. C R -05-1196 R B ) REYES, ( D . N e w M e x ic o )

D efendant-A ppellant.

ORDER AND JUDGM ENT*

B e f o r e B R I S C O E , E B E L , a n d T Y M K O V I C H , C i r c u it J u d g e s .

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m o t i o n t o s u p p r e s s p h ys i c a l e v id e n c e a n d s t a te m e n t s i n r u l i n g t h a t t h e r e w a s

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a c ti v i t y s u f f ic ie n t t o j u s t i f y a n in v e s t i g a to r y s t o p b y a r o v i n g B o r d e r P a t r o l

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S t a te s B o r d e r P a t r o l A g e n ts , J o s e A g u i l a r ( A g e n t A g u i l a r ) a n d J e s u s F l o r e s

( A g e n t F l o r e s ) , w h o t e s t i f i e d a t t h e h e a r i n g o n R o d r i g u e z - R e ye s ’ m o t i o n t o

s u p p r e s s . T h e s e a re a ls o e s s e n ti a ll y t h e s a m e f a c tu a l f in d i n g s m a d e b y t h e

d i s t r i c t c o u rt in its o rd e r d e n yin g R o d r i g u e z - R e ye s ’ m o tio n to s u p p r e s s .

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t e s t i m o n y o f e i th e r o f f i c e r .

O n F e b r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 0 5 , b e tw e e n 7 :0 0 p . m . a n d 9 :0 0 p . m ., A g e n t

A g u i l a r r e c e i v e d in f o r m a ti o n a b o u t a s e n s o r a le r t f o u r m i l e s w e s t o f

C o l u m b u s , N e w M e x ic o . T h e a le r t i n d i c a te d th a t s o m e o n e , p r o b a b ly i n a

v e h ic le , c r o s s e d th e U n i t e d S t a te s / M e x ic o b o r d e r a t t h a t l o c a ti o n . A g e n t

-2- A g u i l a r , w h o w a s p a rk e d tw o t o t h r e e m i l e s e a s t o f C o l u m b u s w h e n h e

r e c e i v e d th e s e n s o r a le r t i n f o r m a ti o n , d e c id e d to i n v e s t i g a te a n d h e h e a d e d

w e s t o n H i g h w a y 9 p a s t C o l u m b u s . A t i t s c lo s e s t p o i n t , H i g h w a y 9 , a tw o -

l a n e p a v e d r o a d th a t r u n s p a r a ll e l t o t h e U n i t e d S t a te s b o r d e r w i t h M e x ic o ,

i s a b o u t o n e m i l e f ro m t h e b o r d e r , a n d a b o u t t h r e e to f o u r m i l e s f r o m t h e

b o r d e r g e n e r a l l y. D u r i n g d a yl i g h t h o u r s , m o s t o f t h e t r a f f i c o n H i g h w a y 9 i s

f a r m a n d r a n c h tr a f f ic a n d th e re a r e f e w to u r i s ts o n th is r o a d a f te r d a r k .

The B order Patrol apprehends alien and drug smugglers on H ighw ay 9

a l m o s t d a ily.

A p p r o x i m a te ly o n e m i l e w e s t o f C o lu m b u s , A g e n t A g u i l a r s a w

h e a d li g h t s f r o m a v e h ic le a p p ro a c h in g h i m o n H i g h w a y 9 . B a s e d o n th e

t i m i n g o f th e a c t i v a ti o n o f th e s e n s o r a n d h is e n c o u n te r w i t h t h i s v e h ic le ,

A gent Aguilar believed that the vehicle likely activated the sensor. He did

n o t e n c o u n te r a n y o t h e r v e h ic le s c o m i n g f r o m t h e a re a w h e r e th e s e n s o r w a s

l o c a t e d . A g e n t A g u i l a r p u l l e d t o t h e s i d e o f t h e r o a d a n d p a r k e d a t a f o r t y-

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b y. T w e n ty t o t h i r t y s e c o n d s l a te r , t h e v e h ic le w a s c lo s e e n o u g h f o r A g e n t

A g u i l a r t o id e n tif y it a s a J e e p G r a n d C h e r o k e e w ith A r i z o n a lic e n s e p la te s .

H e a l s o s a w th a t th e re w a s f re s h , w e t m u d o n th e r e a r o f th e v e h ic le .

F r o m t h i s , a n d g iv e n th a t i t h a d r a in e d in t e r m i t t e n tl y o v e r t h e p r e v io u s

f e w d a ys , A g e n t A g u i l a r s u r m i s e d th a t t h e m u d i n d i c a te d th a t t h e C h e r o k e e

-3- h a d b e e n d r iv e n o f f - r o a d r e c e n t ly. H e a l s o t e s t if i e d t h a t t h e r e w e r e

n u m e r o u s u n i m p r o v e d r o a d s c o m i n g f r o m t h e M e x ic a n b o rd e r t o H i g h w a y 9 ,

w h i c h b e c o m e v e ry m u d d y i n r a in y w e a th e r . W i t h i n t h e f e w d a ys p r e c e d i n g

F e b r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 0 5 , t h e d a y i n q u e s t i o n , t h e B o r d e r P a t r o l h a d a p p re h e n d e d

b e t w e e n f i v e a n d t e n “ d r iv e - th r o u g h s , ” t h a t is , i n d i v i d u a l s d r iv i n g a c r o s s

t h e U n i t e d S t a te s / M e x ic a n b o rd e r a t p l a c e s o t h e r t h a n a p o rt o f e n tr y. A g e n t

A g u i l a r a ls o k n e w t h a t d r u g a n d a li e n s m u g g l e r s p r e f e r r e d S U V - t yp e

v e h ic le s , a s t h e y c o u ld c a rr y a f a i r a m o u n t o f c a r g o , a n d a ls o h a d “ o f f - r o a d ”

c a p a b i l i t i e s . T h e C h e r o k e e ’s A r i z o n a li c e n s e p la te s a ls o i n d i c a te d th a t t h e

v e h ic le w a s n o t l o c a l a n d w a s n o t p a r t o f th e u s u a l t r a f f i c p a tt e rn o n

H i g h w a y 9 a t th a t tim e o f n ig h t.

A s the Cherokee passed A gent Aguilar, he proceeded to follow it

e a s t b o u n d o n H i g h w a y 9 . A g e n t A g u i l a r n o t i c e d th a t t h e C h e r o k e e w a s

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United States v. Rodriguez-Reyes, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-rodriguez-reyes-ca10-2007.