Tuck v. District of Columbia

CourtDistrict Court, District of Columbia
DecidedJuly 30, 2025
DocketCivil Action No. 2024-2609
StatusPublished

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Tuck v. District of Columbia, (D.D.C. 2025).

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

GERTRUDE TUCK,

Plaintiff,

v. Civil Action No. 24-cv-2609 (TSC)

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,

Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Gertrude Tuck, a seventy-one-year-old former employee of District of Columbia Public

Schools (“DCPS”), filed this civil action against the District of Columbia, asserting claims for

disability discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C.

§ 12101, age discrimination under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ADEA”),

29 U.S.C § 621, and retaliation. Compl. at 4–6, ECF No. 1. Defendant moves to dismiss for

failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). ECF No. 9. For the

following reasons, the court will GRANT in part and DENY in part Defendant’s motion.

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff started as a DCPS substitute teacher in 2012. Compl. ¶¶ 12, 13. After working as

a full-time teacher from 2017 to 2019, she became Registrar at DCPS Hendley Elementary School.

See id. In early 2021, Plaintiff suffered an injury that “temporarily” prevented her from caring for

herself or performing manual tasks. Id. ¶ 14. Plaintiff claims she remained “able to perform the

essential functions of her job as Registrar with or without accommodation,” but she requested

leave pursuant to the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (“FMLA”) and the ADA due to her

disability. Id. ¶¶ 14, 49. In March 2021, Defendant approved her FMLA leave. Id. ¶ 17. The

Page 1 of 13 Complaint does not state how Defendant responded to her request for accommodation under the

ADA. Plaintiff claims that shortly before she took leave “the Vice Principal and other

administrative staff” made “repeated derogatory remarks and discussions about her age,” including

comments about her “‘gray hair’, ‘dyeing’ of her hair, and [] not dressing as an ‘elderly woman.’”

Id. ¶ 22.

Plaintiff notified DCPS via email that she was medically cleared to return to work on July

26, 2021. Id. ¶ 17. When she returned to Hendley on July 28, 2021, the Principal gave her “a

letter dated June 4, 2021, notifying her of the elimination of her position effective June 25, 2021,

purportedly as part of a reduction in force.” Id. ¶ 18. Plaintiff had received no prior notice and

was unaware her position had been terminated. Id. ¶ 19. She alleges that Defendant had already

made budgetary adjustments and reduction in force decisions at Hendley shortly before her FMLA

leave. Id. ¶ 20. Individuals impacted by that reduction in force received prompt notification and

information about “job fairs and other opportunities to regain employment with [Defendant].” Id.

¶ 20. Plaintiff claims that, in contrast, Defendant eliminated her position without providing notice

or an opportunity to regain employment with Defendant. Id. ¶¶ 29, 49.

On January 26, 2022, Plaintiff filed a Charge of Discrimination against Defendant with the

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”), alleging discrimination under the

ADA and ADEA. Id. ¶ 4; Def.’s Ex. 1 – EEOC Charge No. 570-2022-00305, ECF No. 9-1 (“Def.’s

Ex. 1”). She filed this suit on September 10, 2024, asserting claims under the ADA, ADEA, and

Title VII. Compl. ¶¶ 5–6. Defendant now moves to dismiss for failure to state a claim. Def.’s

Mot. to Dismiss at 6, 8–9, ECF No. 9 (“MTD”).

II. LEGAL STANDARD

A motion under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) “tests the legal sufficiency of a

complaint.” Browning v. Clinton, 292 F.3d 235, 242 (D.C. Cir. 2022). To survive such a motion, Page 2 of 13 a “complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that

is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v.

Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). In other words, the plaintiff must plead “factual content that

allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct

alleged.” Id. (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). The court must assume all “well-pleaded factual

allegations” are accurate, id. at 679, and “grant plaintiffs the benefit of all inferences that can be

derived from the facts alleged,” Kowal v. MCI Commc’ns Corp., 16 F.3d 1271, 1276 (D.C. Cir.

1994). “Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory

statements” are insufficient. Ashcroft, 556 U.S. at 679 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555).

III. ANALYSIS

A. Discrimination in violation of the ADA

The ADA makes it unlawful for an employer to “discriminate against a qualified individual

on the basis of disability” regarding the “discharge . . . and other terms, conditions, and privileges

of employment.” 42 U.S.C. § 12112(a). To state a claim for employment discrimination under

the ADA, a plaintiff must plead that she was disabled within the meaning of the ADA, that she

could perform the essential functions of her position with or without reasonable accommodation,

and that she suffered an adverse employment action because of her disability. Giles v. Transit

Emps. Fed. Credit Union, 794 F.3d 1, 5 (D.C. Cir. 2015); cf. Stanley v. City of Sanford, 606 U.S.

---, ---, 145 S. Ct. 2058, 2071 (2025) (“[T]o prevail under § 12112(a), a plaintiff must plead and

prove that she held or desired a job, and could perform its essential functions with or without

reasonable accommodation, at the time of an employer's alleged act of disability-based

discrimination.”). At the motion to dismiss stage, a plaintiff need only plausibly allege facts

suggesting that each element has been satisfied. Blackwell v. SecTek, Inc., 61 F. Supp. 3d 149,

156 (D.D.C. 2014). Page 3 of 13 Defendant argues that Plaintiff fails to satisfy the last element because “she does not

plausibly allege that she was terminated because of her disability.” MTD at 5. But this assumes

that Plaintiff’s termination is the sole adverse employment action alleged. Id. at 5–6. Plaintiff’s

Complaint raises two interrelated adverse employment actions: (1) eliminating Plaintiff’s position,

and (2) failing to notify Plaintiff that her position was eliminated or to provide reemployment

opportunities with Defendant. Compl. ¶ 29. As the Supreme Court recently explained in the Title

VII context, adverse employment actions may include any “‘disadvantageous’ change in an

employment term or condition.” Muldrow v. City of St. Louis, 601 U.S. ---, ---, 144 S. Ct. 967,

974 (2024) (quoting Oncale v.

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