Stewart v. State

293 S.W.3d 853, 2009 WL 2340664
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedAugust 26, 2009
Docket06-08-00009-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by32 cases

This text of 293 S.W.3d 853 (Stewart v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Stewart v. State, 293 S.W.3d 853, 2009 WL 2340664 (Tex. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinions

OPINION

Opinion by

Chief Justice MORRISS.

In a Van Zandt County1 jury trial, William James Stewart was convicted of sexual assault of a child under seventeen years of age. See Tex. Penal Code AnN. § 22.011(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2008). During the punishment phase of trial, without objection, the jury was erroneously charged with an incorrect statutory alternative regarding parole law. See Tex.Code CRiM. PROC. Ann. art. 37.07, § 4 (Vernon Supp. 2008). The jury assessed punishment at twelve years’ imprisonment and a $5,000.00 fine, and Stewart was sentenced accordingly.

On appeal, Stewart does not contest his conviction. Instead, he attacks the charge error occurring at the punishment stage and also alleges ineffective assistance of counsel and a conflict of interest by his counsel. We affirm the judgment of the trial court because (1) the punishment-phase charge error was not egregiously harmful to Stewart, (2) Stewart was not harmed by his attorney’s failures regarding the erroneous punishment charge, and (3) Stewart’s attorney’s prior relationships did not color Stewart’s defense.

Stewart lived with A.N., A.N.’s mother, and Stewart’s son in Van Zandt County in 2004 and 2005. A.N., Stewart’s then-fifteen-year-old stepdaughter, described him as a good friend and listener, one who encouraged her to stop her drug usage and to stop hurting herself — she had been using drugs and having sex with boys since [855]*855she was twelve years old and described herself as a “cutter,” one who physically injured herself. She testified that she began writing poems and letters to him and that she was in love with him. She testified that she resented her mother for her relationship with Stewart and eventually considered him her boyfriend. She testified that she had sex with Stewart multiple times in 2004, that the sex was consensual, and that she stopped the sexual relationship after she had an argument with her mother.

A.N. testified that her mother took her to a detention center in January 2005, where A.N.’s statement was taken. In an interesting description of what followed, she testified the State’s representatives

tried to talk to me about some of the letters and poems that I had written Bill — or about Bill, and I tried to deny everything that was going on. Then the blonde took out some handcuffs and put them on my arms and then took me to the back where, I guess — I want to say it was a holding cell, I guess you could say, and then they took my jewelry off and my shoes off. And they put me in the holding cell and they had me do exercises like jumping jacks and different exercises.

She went on to testify that she finally told them something was going on because she wanted to go home and was afraid that she would be stuck at the detention center if she did not tell them something. A.N. added that she had severe asthma. She reiterated that even so, she was telling the truth about their relationship.

On cross-examination, she explained that her relationship with her mother was bad, that they had fights, and that her mother had hit her in the face and “busted” her lip. A.N. went to police and attempted to file charges against her mother. The month after A.N.’s attempt to file charges against her mother, her mother took her to the detention center. A.N. testified that, after being questioned at the detention center for about eight hours, she finally told them that she and Stewart had engaged in sex. A.N. also testified that, looking back on the sexual relationship Stewart had enjoyed with her during the three or four years before she testified at trial, she believes Stewart took advantage of her.

Two of Stewart’s daughters from a previous relationship testified about their good relationship with their father and their disbelief of any sexual impropriety. They also testified about the conversations they had with A.N. in which she had stated repeatedly that nothing had happened and that she had only said so in order to get out of the detention center.

(1) The Punishmentr-Phase Charge Error Was Not Egregiously Harmful to Stewart

Stewart first complains because the wrong parole-law charge was given to the jury at punishment. We agree. One paragraph dealing with parole contained erroneous language, and that paragraph was included in the jury charge on punishment along with four others dealing with parole.

The statute specifically sets out three lengthy, alternative jury charges concerning the parole law; and those are to be chosen based on a very exacting and at least potentially confusing set of conditions. See Tex.Code Crim. Proc. ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(a)-(c). Depending on the offense of which a defendant has been convicted, whether his or her sentence is to be enhanced, and whether a deadly-weapon finding has been made in connection with the conviction, the trial court is to select which one of the three alternatives will be [856]*856given to the jury. In Stewart’s punishment trial, the wrong one was chosen.

The jury was charged that Stewart would not become eligible for parole “until the actual time served plus any good conduct time earned equals one-fourth of the sentence imposed-” See Tex.Code Crim. ProC. AnN. art. 37.07, § 4(c) (emphasis added).2 The charge should have indicated that Stewart would “not become eligible for parole until the actual time served equals one-half of the sentence imposed ... without consideration of any good conduct time he may earn.” See Tex.Code Crim. Proo. Ann. art. 37.07, § 4(a) (emphasis added).3 It should have also added that, if he were sentenced to less than four years, he would be required to serve at least two years before, being eligible for parole. See id.

Neither the trial court, nor the attorneys, caught the problem. Thus, since no objection was made to the punishment charge, we look to see if egregious harm was caused by the error. Igo v. State, 210 S.W.3d 645 (Tex.Crim.App.2006); Almanza v. State, 686 S.W.2d 157, 171 (Tex.Crim.App.1984) (op. on reh’g). Jury-charge error is egregiously harmful if it affects the very basis of the case, deprives the defendant of a valuable right, or vitally affects a defensive theory. Allen v. State, 253 S.W.3d 260, 264 (Tex.Crim.App.2008).

The standard of harm is that for unob-jected-to error in the charge: whether “the error is so egregious and created such harm that he has not had a fair and impartial trial — in shorty egregious harm.... [T]he actual degree of harm must be assayed in light of the entire jury charge, the state of the evidence, including the contested issues and weight of probative evidence, the argument of counsel and any other relevant information revealed by the record of the trial as a whole.” Almanza, 686 S.W.2d at 171.

Trejo v. State, 280 S.W.3d 258, 261 (Tex.Crim.App.2009).

Courts generally agree that the statutory parole instructions were designed to favor the State and to increase sentences. See Arnold v. State, 786 S.W.2d 295, 300 (Tex.Crim.App.1990).

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Bluebook (online)
293 S.W.3d 853, 2009 WL 2340664, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/stewart-v-state-texapp-2009.