In The Court of Appeals Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-19-00215-CR
JIMMIE DONALD HILL, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 71st District Court Harrison County, Texas Trial Court No. 19-0246X
Before Morriss, C.J., Burgess and Stevens, JJ. Memorandum Opinion by Justice Burgess MEMORANDUM OPINION A Harrison County jury convicted Jimmie Donald Hill of felony escape 1 and assessed him
a punishment of five years’ imprisonment. In this appeal, Hill complains that he was egregiously
harmed by the trial court’s jury instruction that included references to “good time” credit. We find
no error, and we will affirm the trial court’s judgment. However, we will modify the judgment to
reflect the correct degree of the offense.
I. Standard of Review
“We employ a two-step process in our review of alleged jury charge error.” Murrieta v.
State, 578 S.W.3d 552, 554 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2019, no pet.) (citing Abdnor v. State, 871
S.W.2d 726, 731 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994)). “Initially, we determine whether error occurred and
then evaluate whether sufficient harm resulted from the error to require reversal.” Id. (quoting
Wilson v. State, 391 S.W.3d 131, 138 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2012, no pet.) (citing Abdnor, 871
S.W.2d at 731–32)). We only evaluate for harm if we find that error occurred.
“[T]he jury is the exclusive judge of the facts, but it is bound to receive the law from the
court and be governed thereby.” Id. (quoting TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 36.13). “A trial
court must submit a charge setting forth the ‘law applicable to the case.’” Id. (quoting Lee v. State,
415 S.W.3d 915, 917 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2013, pet. ref’d) (quoting TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC.
ANN. art. 36.14)). “The purpose of the jury charge . . . is to inform the jury of the applicable law
and guide them in its application. It is not the function of the charge merely to avoid misleading
1 See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 38.06(c)(1). 2 or confusing the jury: it is the function of the charge to lead and prevent confusion.” Id. (quoting
Lee, 415 S.W.3d at 917; Delgado v. State, 235 S.W.3d 244, 249 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)).
II. Analysis
In his sole issue, Hill asserts that the trial court erred by including references to “good time”
credit in its instruction on the application of parole law to any sentence assessed by the jury. Hill
points out that in 2019, the Texas Legislature amended Article 37.07 of the Texas Code of Criminal
Procedure, which sets forth the instructions to be given to the jury regarding the effect of parole
on any sentence assessed. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07 (Supp.). Hill argues that
2019 amendments deleted any references to “good time” credit and that the trial court erred in
including a jury instruction under the prior statute that referred to “good time” credit. We disagree.
“The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure ‘specifically sets out three lengthy, alternative
jury charges concerning the parole law; and those are to be chosen based on a very exacting and
at least potentially confusing set of conditions.’” Murrieta, 578 S.W.3d at 554 (quoting Stewart
v. State, 293 S.W.3d 853, 855 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2009, pet. ref’d) (citing TEX. CODE CRIM.
PROC. ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(a)–(c)). “Depending on the offense of which a defendant has been
convicted, whether his . . . sentence is to be enhanced, and whether a deadly-weapon finding has
been made . . . , the trial court is to select which one of the three alternatives will be given to the
jury.” Id. (citing Stewart, 293 S.W.3d at 855–56).
Prior to the 2019 amendments, the instructions contained in subsections (a), (b), and (c) of
Article 37.07 each contained references to the “award of good conduct time,” commonly referred
to as “good time” credit. See Act of May 26, 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., ch. 770, 2015 Tex. Gen. Laws
3 2321, 2367–68 (amended 2019) (current version at TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 37.07, § 4(a)–(c)
(Supp.)). In 2019, the Legislature removed all references to “good conduct time” in the
instructions contained in subsection (a), but the references to “good conduct time” were retained
in the instructions contained in subsections (b) and (c), with some minor changes. 2 See TEX. CODE
CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(a)–(c).
In this case, Hill was charged with felony escape, a third-degree felony, and the punishment
was enhanced to that of a second-degree felony with one prior felony conviction. Section 4(c) of
Article 37.07 provides, in relevant part, that the jury is to be charged with the instructions contained
in that subsection “[i]n the penalty phase of the trial of a felony case in which the punishment is to
be assessed by the jury rather than the court, if the offense is punishable as a felony of the second
or third degree.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(c). Consequently, subsection (c)
contains the applicable instructions in this case.
Section 4(c) provides that the following instructions are to be given to the jury in the
penalty phase of the trial:
“The length of time for which a defendant is imprisoned may be reduced by the award of parole.
“Under the law applicable in this case, the defendant, if sentenced to a term of imprisonment, may earn early parole eligibility through the award of good conduct time. Prison authorities may award good conduct time to a prisoner who exhibits good behavior, diligence in carrying out prison work assignments, and attempts at rehabilitation. If a prisoner engages in misconduct, prison authorities may also take away all or part of any good conduct time earned by the prisoner.
2 Since Hill was sentenced in October 2019 and the 2019 amendments are effective as to any defendant sentenced after September 1, 2019, the current statute applies to this case. See Act of May 15, 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., ch. 260, 2019 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. 1, 6. 4 “Under the law applicable in this case, if the defendant is sentenced to a term of imprisonment, the defendant will not become eligible for parole until the actual time served plus any good conduct time earned equals one-fourth of the sentence imposed. Eligibility for parole does not guarantee that parole will be granted.
“It cannot accurately be predicted how the parole law and good conduct time might be applied to this defendant if sentenced to a term of imprisonment, because the application of these laws will depend on decisions made by prison and parole authorities.
“You may consider the existence of the parole law and good conduct time. However, you are not to consider the extent to which good conduct time may be awarded to or forfeited by this particular defendant. You are not to consider the manner in which the parole law may be applied to this particular defendant.”
Id. The trial court’s instructions, while not identical to these instructions, were substantially
similar to the instructions required by subsection (c). Hill only complains that the trial court’s
instructions included any references to good conduct time. He does not complain about any
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In The Court of Appeals Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-19-00215-CR
JIMMIE DONALD HILL, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 71st District Court Harrison County, Texas Trial Court No. 19-0246X
Before Morriss, C.J., Burgess and Stevens, JJ. Memorandum Opinion by Justice Burgess MEMORANDUM OPINION A Harrison County jury convicted Jimmie Donald Hill of felony escape 1 and assessed him
a punishment of five years’ imprisonment. In this appeal, Hill complains that he was egregiously
harmed by the trial court’s jury instruction that included references to “good time” credit. We find
no error, and we will affirm the trial court’s judgment. However, we will modify the judgment to
reflect the correct degree of the offense.
I. Standard of Review
“We employ a two-step process in our review of alleged jury charge error.” Murrieta v.
State, 578 S.W.3d 552, 554 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2019, no pet.) (citing Abdnor v. State, 871
S.W.2d 726, 731 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994)). “Initially, we determine whether error occurred and
then evaluate whether sufficient harm resulted from the error to require reversal.” Id. (quoting
Wilson v. State, 391 S.W.3d 131, 138 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2012, no pet.) (citing Abdnor, 871
S.W.2d at 731–32)). We only evaluate for harm if we find that error occurred.
“[T]he jury is the exclusive judge of the facts, but it is bound to receive the law from the
court and be governed thereby.” Id. (quoting TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 36.13). “A trial
court must submit a charge setting forth the ‘law applicable to the case.’” Id. (quoting Lee v. State,
415 S.W.3d 915, 917 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2013, pet. ref’d) (quoting TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC.
ANN. art. 36.14)). “The purpose of the jury charge . . . is to inform the jury of the applicable law
and guide them in its application. It is not the function of the charge merely to avoid misleading
1 See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 38.06(c)(1). 2 or confusing the jury: it is the function of the charge to lead and prevent confusion.” Id. (quoting
Lee, 415 S.W.3d at 917; Delgado v. State, 235 S.W.3d 244, 249 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)).
II. Analysis
In his sole issue, Hill asserts that the trial court erred by including references to “good time”
credit in its instruction on the application of parole law to any sentence assessed by the jury. Hill
points out that in 2019, the Texas Legislature amended Article 37.07 of the Texas Code of Criminal
Procedure, which sets forth the instructions to be given to the jury regarding the effect of parole
on any sentence assessed. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07 (Supp.). Hill argues that
2019 amendments deleted any references to “good time” credit and that the trial court erred in
including a jury instruction under the prior statute that referred to “good time” credit. We disagree.
“The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure ‘specifically sets out three lengthy, alternative
jury charges concerning the parole law; and those are to be chosen based on a very exacting and
at least potentially confusing set of conditions.’” Murrieta, 578 S.W.3d at 554 (quoting Stewart
v. State, 293 S.W.3d 853, 855 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2009, pet. ref’d) (citing TEX. CODE CRIM.
PROC. ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(a)–(c)). “Depending on the offense of which a defendant has been
convicted, whether his . . . sentence is to be enhanced, and whether a deadly-weapon finding has
been made . . . , the trial court is to select which one of the three alternatives will be given to the
jury.” Id. (citing Stewart, 293 S.W.3d at 855–56).
Prior to the 2019 amendments, the instructions contained in subsections (a), (b), and (c) of
Article 37.07 each contained references to the “award of good conduct time,” commonly referred
to as “good time” credit. See Act of May 26, 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., ch. 770, 2015 Tex. Gen. Laws
3 2321, 2367–68 (amended 2019) (current version at TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 37.07, § 4(a)–(c)
(Supp.)). In 2019, the Legislature removed all references to “good conduct time” in the
instructions contained in subsection (a), but the references to “good conduct time” were retained
in the instructions contained in subsections (b) and (c), with some minor changes. 2 See TEX. CODE
CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(a)–(c).
In this case, Hill was charged with felony escape, a third-degree felony, and the punishment
was enhanced to that of a second-degree felony with one prior felony conviction. Section 4(c) of
Article 37.07 provides, in relevant part, that the jury is to be charged with the instructions contained
in that subsection “[i]n the penalty phase of the trial of a felony case in which the punishment is to
be assessed by the jury rather than the court, if the offense is punishable as a felony of the second
or third degree.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(c). Consequently, subsection (c)
contains the applicable instructions in this case.
Section 4(c) provides that the following instructions are to be given to the jury in the
penalty phase of the trial:
“The length of time for which a defendant is imprisoned may be reduced by the award of parole.
“Under the law applicable in this case, the defendant, if sentenced to a term of imprisonment, may earn early parole eligibility through the award of good conduct time. Prison authorities may award good conduct time to a prisoner who exhibits good behavior, diligence in carrying out prison work assignments, and attempts at rehabilitation. If a prisoner engages in misconduct, prison authorities may also take away all or part of any good conduct time earned by the prisoner.
2 Since Hill was sentenced in October 2019 and the 2019 amendments are effective as to any defendant sentenced after September 1, 2019, the current statute applies to this case. See Act of May 15, 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., ch. 260, 2019 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. 1, 6. 4 “Under the law applicable in this case, if the defendant is sentenced to a term of imprisonment, the defendant will not become eligible for parole until the actual time served plus any good conduct time earned equals one-fourth of the sentence imposed. Eligibility for parole does not guarantee that parole will be granted.
“It cannot accurately be predicted how the parole law and good conduct time might be applied to this defendant if sentenced to a term of imprisonment, because the application of these laws will depend on decisions made by prison and parole authorities.
“You may consider the existence of the parole law and good conduct time. However, you are not to consider the extent to which good conduct time may be awarded to or forfeited by this particular defendant. You are not to consider the manner in which the parole law may be applied to this particular defendant.”
Id. The trial court’s instructions, while not identical to these instructions, were substantially
similar to the instructions required by subsection (c). Hill only complains that the trial court’s
instructions included any references to good conduct time. He does not complain about any
differences between the trial court’s instructions regarding good conduct time and the language
now required by subsection (c). Since subsection (c) requires that the jury be instructed about
good conduct time, we cannot say that the trial court’s instructions were erroneous. We overrule
Hill’s issue.
III. The Judgment Must Be Modified
Even though we have overruled Hill’s sole issue, we find, sua sponte, that the trial court’s
judgment requires modification. We have the authority to modify the judgment to make the record
speak the truth, even if a party does not raise the issue. TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); French v. State,
830 S.W.2d 607, 609 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992). “Our authority to reform incorrect judgments is not
dependent on the request of any party, nor does it turn on a question of whether a party has or has
not objected in trial court; we may act sua sponte and may have a duty to do so.” Rhoten v. State, 5 299 S.W.3d 349, 356 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2009, no pet.) (citing Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d
526, 531 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1991, pet. ref’d)); see French, 830 S.W.2d at 609.
In its judgment, the trial court recites that the “Degree of Offense” is “SECOND DEGREE
FELONY.” However, the offense for which Hill was convicted is classified as a third-degree
felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 38.06(c)(1). Therefore, we will modify the trial court’s
judgment to show the “Degree of Offense” as a third-degree felony.
IV. Disposition
For the reasons stated, we modify the trial court’s judgment by replacing “SECOND
DEGREE FELONY” under “Degree of Offense” with “THIRD DEGREE FELONY.” As
modified, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Ralph K. Burgess Justice
Date Submitted: April 20, 2020 Date Decided: April 21, 2020
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