1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 CHARLES LEWIS BOBO, No. 2:19-cv-0760 KJM DB PS 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 FRESNO RESCUE MISSION, 15 Defendant. 16 17 Plaintiff Charles Lewis Bobo is proceeding in this action pro se. This matter was referred 18 to the undersigned in accordance with Local Rule 302(c)(21) and 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Pending 19 before the court are plaintiff’s complaint and motion to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 20 U.S.C. § 1915. (ECF Nos. 1 & 2.) Therein, plaintiff complains about defendant’s refusal to 21 allow plaintiff to live at the mission. 22 The court is required to screen complaints brought by parties proceeding in forma 23 pauperis. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2); see also Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1129 (9th Cir. 24 2000) (en banc). Here, plaintiff’s complaint is deficient. Accordingly, for the reasons stated 25 below, the undersigned will recommend that plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis 26 be denied and plaintiff’s complaint be dismissed without leave to amend. 27 //// 28 //// 1 I. Plaintiff’s Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis 2 Plaintiff’s in forma pauperis application makes the financial showing required by 28 3 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). However, a determination that a plaintiff qualifies financially for in forma 4 pauperis status does not complete the inquiry required by the statute. “‘A district court may deny 5 leave to proceed in forma pauperis at the outset if it appears from the face of the proposed 6 complaint that the action is frivolous or without merit.’” Minetti v. Port of Seattle, 152 F.3d 7 1113, 1115 (9th Cir. 1998) (quoting Tripati v. First Nat. Bank & Trust, 821 F.2d 1368, 1370 (9th 8 Cir. 1987)); see also McGee v. Department of Child Support Services, 584 Fed. Appx. 638 (9th 9 Cir. 2014) (“the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying McGee’s request to proceed 10 IFP because it appears from the face of the amended complaint that McGee’s action is frivolous 11 or without merit”); Smart v. Heinze, 347 F.2d 114, 116 (9th Cir. 1965) (“It is the duty of the 12 District Court to examine any application for leave to proceed in forma pauperis to determine 13 whether the proposed proceeding has merit and if it appears that the proceeding is without merit, 14 the court is bound to deny a motion seeking leave to proceed in forma pauperis.”). 15 Moreover, the court must dismiss an in forma pauperis case at any time if the allegation of 16 poverty is found to be untrue or if it is determined that the action is frivolous or malicious, fails to 17 state a claim on which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief against an immune 18 defendant. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). A complaint is legally frivolous when it lacks an 19 arguable basis in law or in fact. Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. 20 Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 (9th Cir. 1984). Under this standard, a court must dismiss a 21 complaint as frivolous where it is based on an indisputably meritless legal theory or where the 22 factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke, 490 U.S. at 327; 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e). 23 To state a claim on which relief may be granted, the plaintiff must allege “enough facts to 24 state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 25 570 (2007). In considering whether a complaint states a cognizable claim, the court accepts as 26 true the material allegations in the complaint and construes the allegations in the light most 27 favorable to the plaintiff. Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69, 73 (1984); Hosp. Bldg. Co. v. 28 Trustees of Rex Hosp., 425 U.S. 738, 740 (1976); Love v. United States, 915 F.2d 1242, 1245 1 (9th Cir. 1989). Pro se pleadings are held to a less stringent standard than those drafted by 2 lawyers. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972). However, the court need not accept as true 3 conclusory allegations, unreasonable inferences, or unwarranted deductions of fact. Western 4 Mining Council v. Watt, 643 F.2d 618, 624 (9th Cir. 1981). 5 The minimum requirements for a civil complaint in federal court are as follows: 6 A pleading which sets forth a claim for relief . . . shall contain (1) a short and plain statement of the grounds upon which the court’s 7 jurisdiction depends . . . , (2) a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief, and (3) a demand 8 for judgment for the relief the pleader seeks. 9 Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). 10 II. Plaintiff’s Complaint 11 Here, plaintiff’s one-page complaint simply alleges: 12 Fresno Rescue Mission have a 30 days a years stay you have to go into program check in and out test you for alcohol when you check 13 back in for your bed. . . . Medical report from County of Fresno have physical disability and damage stomach headache sleeping 14 outside almost 6 mos with my condition. 15 (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 1.) Plaintiff seeks $3,000,000 “because County didn’t given me my 16 special paper to stay in Fresno Rescue Mission.” (Id.) In this regard, the complaint fails to allege 17 with any specificity what claim plaintiff is asserting against the defendant or the basis for the 18 court’s jurisdiction over this action. 19 Although the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure adopt a flexible pleading policy, a 20 complaint must give the defendant fair notice of the plaintiff’s claims and must allege facts that 21 state the elements of each claim plainly and succinctly. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2); Jones v. 22 Community Redev. Agency, 733 F.2d 646, 649 (9th Cir. 1984). “A pleading that offers ‘labels 23 and conclusions’ or ‘a formulaic recitation of the elements of cause of action will not do.’ Nor 24 does a complaint suffice if it tenders ‘naked assertions’ devoid of ‘further factual 25 enhancements.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S.662, 678 (2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 26 557). A plaintiff must allege with at least some degree of particularity overt acts which the 27 defendants engaged in that support the plaintiff’s claims. Jones, 733 F.2d at 649. 28 //// 1 Moreover, jurisdiction is a threshold inquiry that must precede the adjudication of any 2 case before the district court. Morongo Band of Mission Indians v. Cal. State Bd.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 CHARLES LEWIS BOBO, No. 2:19-cv-0760 KJM DB PS 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 FRESNO RESCUE MISSION, 15 Defendant. 16 17 Plaintiff Charles Lewis Bobo is proceeding in this action pro se. This matter was referred 18 to the undersigned in accordance with Local Rule 302(c)(21) and 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Pending 19 before the court are plaintiff’s complaint and motion to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 20 U.S.C. § 1915. (ECF Nos. 1 & 2.) Therein, plaintiff complains about defendant’s refusal to 21 allow plaintiff to live at the mission. 22 The court is required to screen complaints brought by parties proceeding in forma 23 pauperis. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2); see also Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1129 (9th Cir. 24 2000) (en banc). Here, plaintiff’s complaint is deficient. Accordingly, for the reasons stated 25 below, the undersigned will recommend that plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis 26 be denied and plaintiff’s complaint be dismissed without leave to amend. 27 //// 28 //// 1 I. Plaintiff’s Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis 2 Plaintiff’s in forma pauperis application makes the financial showing required by 28 3 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). However, a determination that a plaintiff qualifies financially for in forma 4 pauperis status does not complete the inquiry required by the statute. “‘A district court may deny 5 leave to proceed in forma pauperis at the outset if it appears from the face of the proposed 6 complaint that the action is frivolous or without merit.’” Minetti v. Port of Seattle, 152 F.3d 7 1113, 1115 (9th Cir. 1998) (quoting Tripati v. First Nat. Bank & Trust, 821 F.2d 1368, 1370 (9th 8 Cir. 1987)); see also McGee v. Department of Child Support Services, 584 Fed. Appx. 638 (9th 9 Cir. 2014) (“the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying McGee’s request to proceed 10 IFP because it appears from the face of the amended complaint that McGee’s action is frivolous 11 or without merit”); Smart v. Heinze, 347 F.2d 114, 116 (9th Cir. 1965) (“It is the duty of the 12 District Court to examine any application for leave to proceed in forma pauperis to determine 13 whether the proposed proceeding has merit and if it appears that the proceeding is without merit, 14 the court is bound to deny a motion seeking leave to proceed in forma pauperis.”). 15 Moreover, the court must dismiss an in forma pauperis case at any time if the allegation of 16 poverty is found to be untrue or if it is determined that the action is frivolous or malicious, fails to 17 state a claim on which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief against an immune 18 defendant. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). A complaint is legally frivolous when it lacks an 19 arguable basis in law or in fact. Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. 20 Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 (9th Cir. 1984). Under this standard, a court must dismiss a 21 complaint as frivolous where it is based on an indisputably meritless legal theory or where the 22 factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke, 490 U.S. at 327; 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e). 23 To state a claim on which relief may be granted, the plaintiff must allege “enough facts to 24 state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 25 570 (2007). In considering whether a complaint states a cognizable claim, the court accepts as 26 true the material allegations in the complaint and construes the allegations in the light most 27 favorable to the plaintiff. Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69, 73 (1984); Hosp. Bldg. Co. v. 28 Trustees of Rex Hosp., 425 U.S. 738, 740 (1976); Love v. United States, 915 F.2d 1242, 1245 1 (9th Cir. 1989). Pro se pleadings are held to a less stringent standard than those drafted by 2 lawyers. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972). However, the court need not accept as true 3 conclusory allegations, unreasonable inferences, or unwarranted deductions of fact. Western 4 Mining Council v. Watt, 643 F.2d 618, 624 (9th Cir. 1981). 5 The minimum requirements for a civil complaint in federal court are as follows: 6 A pleading which sets forth a claim for relief . . . shall contain (1) a short and plain statement of the grounds upon which the court’s 7 jurisdiction depends . . . , (2) a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief, and (3) a demand 8 for judgment for the relief the pleader seeks. 9 Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). 10 II. Plaintiff’s Complaint 11 Here, plaintiff’s one-page complaint simply alleges: 12 Fresno Rescue Mission have a 30 days a years stay you have to go into program check in and out test you for alcohol when you check 13 back in for your bed. . . . Medical report from County of Fresno have physical disability and damage stomach headache sleeping 14 outside almost 6 mos with my condition. 15 (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 1.) Plaintiff seeks $3,000,000 “because County didn’t given me my 16 special paper to stay in Fresno Rescue Mission.” (Id.) In this regard, the complaint fails to allege 17 with any specificity what claim plaintiff is asserting against the defendant or the basis for the 18 court’s jurisdiction over this action. 19 Although the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure adopt a flexible pleading policy, a 20 complaint must give the defendant fair notice of the plaintiff’s claims and must allege facts that 21 state the elements of each claim plainly and succinctly. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2); Jones v. 22 Community Redev. Agency, 733 F.2d 646, 649 (9th Cir. 1984). “A pleading that offers ‘labels 23 and conclusions’ or ‘a formulaic recitation of the elements of cause of action will not do.’ Nor 24 does a complaint suffice if it tenders ‘naked assertions’ devoid of ‘further factual 25 enhancements.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S.662, 678 (2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 26 557). A plaintiff must allege with at least some degree of particularity overt acts which the 27 defendants engaged in that support the plaintiff’s claims. Jones, 733 F.2d at 649. 28 //// 1 Moreover, jurisdiction is a threshold inquiry that must precede the adjudication of any 2 case before the district court. Morongo Band of Mission Indians v. Cal. State Bd. of 3 Equalization, 858 F.2d 1376, 1380 (9th Cir. 1988). Federal courts are courts of limited 4 jurisdiction and may adjudicate only those cases authorized by federal law. Kokkonen v. 5 Guardian Life Ins. Co., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994); Willy v. Coastal Corp., 503 U.S. 131, 136-37 6 (1992). “Federal courts are presumed to lack jurisdiction, ‘unless the contrary appears 7 affirmatively from the record.’” Casey v. Lewis, 4 F.3d 1516, 1519 (9th Cir. 1993) (quoting 8 Bender v. Williamsport Area Sch. Dist., 475 U.S. 534, 546 (1986)). 9 Lack of subject matter jurisdiction may be raised by the court at any time during the 10 proceedings. Attorneys Trust v. Videotape Computer Prods., Inc., 93 F.3d 593, 594-95 (9th Cir. 11 1996). A federal court “ha[s] an independent obligation to address sua sponte whether [it] has 12 subject-matter jurisdiction.” Dittman v. California, 191 F.3d 1020, 1025 (9th Cir. 1999). It is the 13 obligation of the district court “to be alert to jurisdictional requirements.” Grupo Dataflux v. 14 Atlas Global Group, L.P., 541 U.S. 567, 593 (2004). Without jurisdiction, the district court 15 cannot decide the merits of a case or order any relief. See Morongo, 858 F.2d at 1380. 16 The basic federal jurisdiction statutes are 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1332, which confer 17 “federal question” and “diversity” jurisdiction, respectively. Federal jurisdiction may also be 18 conferred by federal statutes regulating specific subject matter. “[T]he existence of federal 19 jurisdiction depends solely on the plaintiff’s claims for relief and not on anticipated defenses to 20 those claims.” ARCO Envtl. Remediation, LLC v. Dep’t of Health & Envtl. Quality, 213 F.3d 21 1108, 1113 (9th Cir. 2000). 22 District courts have diversity jurisdiction only over “all civil actions where the matter in 23 controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs,” and the action 24 is between: “(1) citizens of different States; (2) citizens of a State and citizens or subjects of a 25 foreign state; (3) citizens of different States and in which citizens or subjects of a foreign state are 26 additional parties; and (4) a foreign state . . . as plaintiff and citizens of a State or of different 27 States.” 28 U.S.C. § 1332. “To demonstrate citizenship for diversity purposes a party must (a) be 28 a citizen of the United States, and (b) be domiciled in a state of the United States.” Lew v. Moss, 1 797 F.2d 747, 749 (9th Cir. 1986). “Diversity jurisdiction requires complete diversity between 2 the parties-each defendant must be a citizen of a different state from each plaintiff.” In re 3 Digimarc Corp. Derivative Litigation, 549 F.3d 1223, 1234 (9th Cir. 2008). 4 Here, the complaint fails to state a claim for relief and fails to allege a basis for subject 5 matter jurisdiction. Accordingly, plaintiff’s complaint should be dismissed. 6 III. Leave to Amend 7 The undersigned has carefully considered whether plaintiff may amend the complaint to 8 state a claim over which the court would have jurisdiction and upon which relief could be 9 granted. “Valid reasons for denying leave to amend include undue delay, bad faith, prejudice, 10 and futility.” California Architectural Bldg. Prod. v. Franciscan Ceramics, 818 F.2d 1466, 1472 11 (9th Cir. 1988); see also Klamath-Lake Pharm. Ass’n v. Klamath Med. Serv. Bureau, 701 F.2d 12 1276, 1293 (9th Cir. 1983) (holding that while leave to amend shall be freely given, the court 13 does not have to allow futile amendments). In light of the deficiencies noted above, the 14 undersigned finds that it would be futile to grant plaintiff leave to amend in this case. 15 CONCLUSION 16 Accordingly, for the reasons stated above, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 17 1. Plaintiff’s May 2, 2019 application to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) be 18 denied; 19 2. Plaintiff’s May 2, 2019 complaint (ECF No. 1) be dismissed without prejudice; and 20 3. This action be dismissed. 21 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Judge 22 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen (14) 23 days after being served with these findings and recommendations, plaintiff may file written 24 objections with the court. A document containing objections should be titled “Objections to 25 Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file 26 //// 27 //// 28 //// 1 | objections within the specified time may, under certain circumstances, waive the right to appeal 2 || the District Court’s order. See Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 3 | Dated: October 7, 2019
6 BORAH BARNES UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 DLB:6 22 DB/orders/orders.pro se/bobo0760.ifp.den.f&rs 23 24 25 26 27 28