Phillips v. City of New York

66 A.D.2d 170, 884 N.Y.S.2d 369, 22 Am. Disabilities Cas. (BNA) 621, 2009 NY Slip Op 5990, 66 A.D.3d 170, 2009 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5834
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedJuly 28, 2009
StatusPublished
Cited by240 cases

This text of 66 A.D.2d 170 (Phillips v. City of New York) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Phillips v. City of New York, 66 A.D.2d 170, 884 N.Y.S.2d 369, 22 Am. Disabilities Cas. (BNA) 621, 2009 NY Slip Op 5990, 66 A.D.3d 170, 2009 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5834 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinions

OPINION OF THE COURT

Acosta, J.

This case requires us to examine the “reasonable accommodation” provisions of the New York State and City Human Rights Laws (HRLs) in the context of a CPLR 3211 motion. We begin with the recognition of the New York City Council’s mandate that courts should be sensitive to the distinctive language, purposes and liberal construction analysis required by the City HRL under Williams v New York City Hous. Auth. (61 AD3d 62, 65 [2009]).

I. Background

Plaintiff was hired by defendant Department of Homeless Services (DHS) in a noncompetitive civil service title in 1988. After 18 years of satisfactory employment, she was granted an approved medical leave extending from about July 26 to October 30, 2006, due to a serious medical condition—breast cancer. By letter dated August 11, 2006, plaintiff requested leave for one full year, beginning that date. DHS denied this request in a letter dated October 16, informing plaintiff that her 12-week medical leave was granted pursuant to the Family and Medical Leave Act, and that as an “employee in a non-competitive title,” she was ineligible for additional unpaid medical leave, which is “only granted to permanent civil service employees, per the Rules and Regulations for Employees Covered under the Career & Salary Plan.” DHS informed plaintiff that if she failed to return to work by her already agreed-upon return date of October 30, 2006, she would be “subject to disciplinary action.” In a separate letter dated October 27, DHS advised plaintiff that if she did not return to work by October 30, she would be subject to discharge from her employment.

On or about that same date, plaintiff modified her request for leave, asking a DHS employee in the Medical Assistance Unit if she could obtain any further extension of her medical leave. The city employee denied this request, telling plaintiff that if she failed to return to work as scheduled, her employment and medical benefits would be terminated.

[173]*173Plaintiff did not return to work on October 30, 2006, and was terminated thereafter.1 In this action against the City and DHS, plaintiff alleged that (1) she is a disabled person within the meaning of the State and City HRLs, (2) her request for an extension of medical leave sought a reasonable accommodation under those statutes, and (3) defendants violated the statutes by denying her request and terminating her employment. She further alleged that at the time of her termination she was “unable to return to work for the respondent DHS because of her medical condition of breast cancer,” a condition that still existed on the date the complaint was verified. Plaintiff further asserted that as a result of her loss of medical benefits following termination, she had to delay her scheduled cancer surgery, adversely affecting her medical condition, which was diagnosed as stage III breast cancer. Plaintiff sought reinstatement to her former position at DHS with full back pay retroactive to November 1, 2006, the date she was allegedly terminated, with prejudgment interest thereon, as well as compensatory and punitive damages.

Defendants moved to convert the complaint to a CPLR article 78 proceeding,2 and for judgment of dismissal on the ground that the denial of plaintiffs request for accommodation was reasonable and lawful. In support, they submitted their Career & Salary Plan, which provided that the two-year limit on leave without pay applies only to “permanent employees,” and not those in “non-competitive” titles. In addition, defendants argued that plaintiff was not disabled within the meaning of the State and City HRLs since (1) she could not perform her job functions either with or without a reasonable accommodation, and (2) the “year long” leave of absence she requested was not a reasonable accommodation.

In opposition, plaintiff argued that the extended leave of absence she sought was a reasonable accommodation, and denial of her request and her subsequent termination because of her disability violated the State and City HRLs.

[174]*174II. The Motion Court’s Decision

With respect to plaintiff’s causes of action for disability discrimination, the court found she had failed to allege “facts demonstrating that her cancer condition falls within the definition of the term ‘disability’ as contemplated” by the State and City HRLs. The court also determined that plaintiff “failed to set forth in her Complaint factual allegations sufficient to show that, upon the provision of reasonable accommodations, she could perform the essential functions of her job.” In particular, the court found that there was no allegation that plaintiff intended to return to work at the end of the requested leave or that she would be able to perform the essential functions of her job at the end of that period. The complaint, it said, “sets forth only the untenable claim that DHS was required to accommodate plaintiff by holding her job open indefinitely,” and this was insufficient under the State HRL and its “equivalent,” the City HRL. In addition, the court found that there were “no allegations in the Complaint indicating that the decisions made by DHS were based on any factor other tha[n] plaintiff’s noncompetitive title.” Since the court found that plaintiff’s discrimination claims were “insufficiently stated, and that DHS’s determinations were based on its leave policies applicable to non-competitive titles,” the court dismissed the claim for compensatory and punitive damages arising from DHS’s denial of plaintiffs request for leave and her termination.

Plaintiff argues on appeal that in dismissing her complaint, the court failed to address whether defendants had violated the State and City HRLs by denying her request for an extension of unpaid medical leave based on a uniform .policy denying such leave to noncompetitive employees, without considering the feasibility of her request for a reasonable accommodation. We agree with plaintiff.

III. Discussion

In considering a CPLR 3211 motion to dismiss, the court must accept the facts as alleged in the complaint as true and accord the plaintiff the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and must determine whether “the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory” (Leon v Martinez, 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994]; see also Cron v Hargro Fabrics, 91 NY2d 362, 366 [1998]), in this case, violations of the State and City HRLs.

For the reasons set forth herein, we find that defendants have failed to engage in the required individualized process when [175]*175considering plaintiffs request for extended medical leave, i.e., for reasonable accommodations. We further find that plaintiff has stated causes of action for violations of the State and City HRLs with respect to defendants’ alleged failure to reasonably accommodate plaintiff.

A. The Need for an Individualized Process

The need for individualized inquiry when making a determination of reasonable accommodation is deeply embedded in the fabric of disability rights law (see School Bd. of Nassau Cty. v Arline, 480 US 273, 287 [1987]). Rather than operating on generalizations about people with disabilities, employers (and courts) must make a clear, fact-specific inquiry about each individual’s circumstance.

As explained in Barnett v U.S. Air, Inc. (228 F3d 1105, 1116 [9th Cir 2000, en banc],

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Bluebook (online)
66 A.D.2d 170, 884 N.Y.S.2d 369, 22 Am. Disabilities Cas. (BNA) 621, 2009 NY Slip Op 5990, 66 A.D.3d 170, 2009 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5834, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/phillips-v-city-of-new-york-nyappdiv-2009.