Peoples Express Co. v. Director, Division of Taxation

10 N.J. Tax 417
CourtNew Jersey Tax Court
DecidedApril 28, 1989
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 10 N.J. Tax 417 (Peoples Express Co. v. Director, Division of Taxation) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Peoples Express Co. v. Director, Division of Taxation, 10 N.J. Tax 417 (N.J. Super. Ct. 1989).

Opinion

ANDREW, J.T.C.

This is a state tax case in which plaintiff, Peoples Express Company, Inc., challenges the denial of five tax refund claims by defendant, Director, Division of Taxation (Director), for taxes assessed under the New Jersey Corporation Business Tax Act, N.J.S.A. 54:10A-1 et seq. and the State Tax Uniform Procedure Law, N.J.S.A. 54:48-1 et seq., for the tax years of 1978 through 1982 inclusive. Defendant maintains that plaintiffs tax refund claims should be dismissed because they were not timely filed within the 30-day period to protest the Director’s estimated tax assessment, N.J.S.A. 54:49-18, nor within the 90-day statutory deadline for appeal to the Tax Court, N.J.S.A. 54:10A-19.2. See also N.J.S.A. 54:51A-14a, 2A:3A-4.-1b(2); R. 8:4-1(b).

The facts giving rise to the present proceedings are not disputed by the parties. Plaintiff filed timely New Jersey corporation business tax (CBT) returns for each of the five tax years from 1978 to 1982 and paid the CBT according to the computations on its returns. In the early part of 1984, while the Division of Taxation was conducting an office audit of plaintiff’s CBT returns for the tax years of 1978 through 1982, it determined that additional information was necessary to complete the audit. By letter dated January 18, 1984 the Division requested that supplemental information from plaintiff with the additional request that the information be supplied within 30 days. The Director points out that some of the requested information related to either schedules that were missing from the filed tax returns or information needed to complete schedules that had been submitted with the tax returns.

On April 19, 1984, due to plaintiff’s failure to respond to the Director’s request, an estimated tax assessment, referred to as an arbitrary assessment, pursuant to N.J.S.A. 54:49-5, was made by the Division. The Director’s assessment letter of the same date notified plaintiff that an additional tax of $25,000 or $5,000 for each of the five tax years (1978 to 1982) was being [420]*420imposed. The estimated-tax-assessment letter also informed plaintiff that the assessment was levied because plaintiff had failed to provide the information requested by the Director and that the “estimated tax liability may be reviewed and redetermined” if plaintiff submitted “forthwith” the requested information. Additionally, the letter included a demand for payment within 15 days from the date of that notice.

Again, not hearing, or receiving a response, from plaintiff, the Division by letter dated July 6, 1984 demanded payment of the additional estimated tax of $25,000, a penalty in the amount of $1,250 and interest of $14,625 or a total of $40,875.

Plaintiff did not provide the original requested information, nor did it protest the additional estimated tax, penalty or interest, nor did it challenge the assessment in the Tax Court by filing a complaint within 90 days of the assessment. Instead, plaintiff submitted a check dated July 18, 1984 for the full amount of $40,875 which was received by the Division on July 24, 1984. Approximately I8V2 months later, on February 11, 1986, plaintiff filed five refund claims for the tax years of 1978 to 1982.

Thereafter, by letter dated April 22, 1987 (approximately three years and three months after the Division’s initial request of January 18, 1984), plaintiff provided the additional information requested by the Division. Based on this additional information the Division completed its audit. On February 26, 1988, the Division issued a notice of assessment which indicated that plaintiff’s additional tax liability for all of the tax years was only $1,724 (additional tax of $1,117, a penalty of $56 and interest of $551) instead of the original estimated tax deficiency of $25,000, penalty of $1,250 and interest of $14,625 (total of $40,875).

The Division applied the additional deficiency of $1,724 to the previously determined amount of $40,875, which had been paid by plaintiff, leaving a balance that would ordinarily have been due plaintiff of $89,151. Plaintiff was advised, however, that the balance of $39,151 could not be refunded because plaintiff [421]*421failed to either timely protest the Director’s estimated tax assessment of April 19, 1984 or timely appeal to the Tax Court from that assessment. Plaintiff did not file a protest with the Division of Taxation regarding the February 26, 1988 notice of assessment. Instead, plaintiff, on April 14, 1988, filed its complaint with the Tax Court demanding a refund of the tax overpayment of $39,151.

The Director now moves for a dismissal of plaintiff’s complaint on the basis that plaintiff failed to timely challenge his estimated tax assessment of April 19,1984. On the other hand, noting that there are no disputed facts, plaintiff moves for summary judgment with respect to its claim for a tax refund of $39,151.

In support of its contention that it has timely filed a complaint in this court, plaintiff contends that the Director’s April 19, 1984 estimated tax assessment was not a “final determination” which triggers the operation of the appropriate statute of limitations. Plaintiff also maintains that the Director’s use of the arbitrary assessment procedure outlined in N.J.S.A. 54:49-5 was improper, and thus, the arbitrary assessment cannot be viewed as a final determination appealable to the Tax Court. Additionally, plaintiff argues that an estimated tax assessment made pursuant to N.J.S.A. 54:49-5 must be made in “good faith” and cannot be based on “fancy or conjecture,” and therefore, because “the assessment in fact exceeded the actual additional liability by over 2000%” the assessment was improper, and again, cannot be viewed as a judicially reviewable final determination. Plaintiff further contends that its claims for refund were timely filed inasmuch as they were submitted to the Director within two years of its payment of the tax pursuant to N.J.S.A. 54:49-14. Lastly, plaintiff argues that it would be “manifestly inequitable” to grant the Director’s motion to dismiss and allow the Division of Taxation “to retain amounts well in excess of the actual final audit adjustments.”

Defendant responds to plaintiff’s contentions by 'asserting that the Director properly rejected plaintiff’s tax refund re[422]*422quest because it was clearly out of time under the 30-day protest period allowable under N.J.S.A. 54:49-18 and the 90-day appeal period to the Tax Court, N.J.S.A. 54:10A-19.2. See also N.J.S.A. 54:51A-14a, 2A:3A-4.1b(2); R. 8:4-l(b). Moreover, the Director claims that a longstanding legislative and judicial policy of strict application of statutes of limitation in administrative hearings and judicial proceedings requires dismissal of plaintiffs complaint. Additionally, the Director maintains that there are no equitable considerations that warrant tolling the applicable statutory limitation periods.

I.

Plaintiffs first three arguments focus on the question of whether the Director’s April 19, 1984 estimated tax assessment pursuant to N.J.S.A. 54:49-5 was a “final determination” because, according to plaintiff, only final determinations trigger the operation of the applicable statutes of limitation. A review of a number of the statutes governing tax procedure set forth in the State Tax Uniform Procedure Law, N.J.S.A. 54:48-1 et seq.,

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Bluebook (online)
10 N.J. Tax 417, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/peoples-express-co-v-director-division-of-taxation-njtaxct-1989.