OPINION ON APPELLANT’S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW
MILLER, Judge.
Appellant was convicted by a jury of driving while intoxicated, and the trial judge assessed punishment at 180 days confinement, probated for a two year period, and a fine of $200.00. The court of appeals affirmed appellant’s conviction in an unpublished opinion. Love v. State, No. 11-90-059-CR (Tex.App.—Eastland, delivered December 12, 1991). We granted appellant’s petition on two grounds for review to determine whether the court of appeals erred in holding (1) the trial court did not err in precluding defense counsel from cross-examining one of the arresting officers on probable cause to arrest appellant because counsel failed to make an offer of proof as to what his cross-examination would have shown, and (2) the trial court did not err in refusing to permit appellant to call as a defense witness the breath alcohol testing supervisor who had earlier testified for the State and who was available to testify.
In his first ground for review, appellant claims the trial judge erred in refusing to permit him to fully cross-examine Officer G.W. Howard of the Humble Police Department. The record reflects that Howard was called by the State and testified that, in his opinion, appellant was intoxicated at the time of his arrest. On cross-examination, defense counsel attempted to question Howard about the existence of probable cause at the time of appellant’s arrest, but the trial court precluded the questioning. Appellant challenged the trial court’s ruling on direct appeal, and the court of appeals held appellant had not preserved the issue for appellate review because “[tjhere was no offer of proof nor bill of exceptions to show the ‘facts’ which appellant could have proved through cross-examination of this adverse witness.” Id., slip op. at 7.
The record reveals that at the time the trial court informed defense counsel he could not question Howard regarding the existence of probable cause the following transpired:
THE COURT: I’m instructing you not to go into matters of law with this witness. This is a fact witness.
[COUNSEL]: I’m well aware of that. THE COURT: He is only qualified to express an opinion on intoxication. Don’t go into opinion things with him because he is not qualified on those. He is only qualified on one thing. And do not go into matters of law with him.
[COUNSEL]: If I may explain to the Court briefly.
THE COURT: You can explain. COUNSEL: All right. There is a recent case out of the First Court of Appeals called, Fox v. State. And it is my intention of asking you later, after the evidence, for Article 3822 (sic) instruction on probable cause.
THE COURT: My instruction to you is the same. Do you understand it? And if you violate it you are in contempt of my ruling.
[901]*901We find defense counsel’s statement on the record is insufficient to preserve error for review. Tex.R.Crim.Evid. 103; Tex.R.App. Proc. 52.
An informal bill will suffice as an offer of proof when it includes a concise statement of counsel’s belief of what the testimony would show. Moosavi v. State, 711 S.W.2d 53 (Tex.Crim.App.1986). When counsel intends to rely upon an informal bill to preserve error, the bill must include a summary of the proposed testimony. In this case, however, counsel merely informed the trial judge that he intended to establish a basis for an instruction on the lack of probable cause and, hence, failed to provide the trial judge with a concise statement regarding the content of the testimony he proposed to elicit from the. witness. The court of appeals reached the correct conclusion, and therefore appellant’s first ground for review is overruled.
In his first point of error on direct appeal, germane to his second ground for review here, appellant argued before the court of appeals that the trial judge erred in refusing to allow him to call Jesse Blalock, a technical supervisor for the intoxilyzer instrument, as a defense witness when he had not been excused by defense counsel and was available to testify. At trial, Blalock was called as a witness during the State’s case-in-chief to testify regarding the internal functions of the intoxilyzer instrument used to measure appellant’s breath alcohol level. Based on a hypothetical question and the result of the intoxilyzer machine, Blalock estimated appellant’s breath alcohol level was .17 at the time of his arrest. The State concluded its direct examination with that question and passed the witness. Appellant’s counsel then cross-examined Blalock regarding his testimony as to, inter alia, “the inner workings and purported reliability of the In-toxilyzer, the breath testing program promulgated by the Texas Department of Public Safety, and the necessity of strict compliance with its requirements to ensure a reliable test result.” Appellant’s br. at 19. At the conclusion of Blalock’s testimony, an off-the-record bench conference was held and then the trial judge stated to Blalock, “[y]ou are excused, sir.”1 Court then recessed for the evening.
In the proceedings the following morning, the State moved to quash appellant’s subpoena for Blalock2 as defense counsel “had adequate time to cross-examine Mr. Blalock yesterday, which he did at length.” Defense counsel responded:
Yesterday I don’t believe the record will reflect that I released Mr. Blalock. He was allowed to step down.
Number two, since we were breaking at 5:00 o’clock yesterday, I wanted to research a couple of things Mr. Blalock said during his cross-examination and during his direct testimony. I have done that now.
I checked with Mr. Blalock yesterday and he told me that he would be in Court 6. He is in Court 6 right now. He is about to step off the stand and he will be over here directly.
Upon inquiry from the trial judge, defense counsel also responded he was restricted in his cross-examination because, not knowing what Blalock’s testimony would be, he did not have the necessary materials for impeachment purposes. The prosecutor expressed her belief that Blalock had been [902]*902released by both parties and the court, and the trial judge concurred. The judge then expressed that defense counsel had “full leeway” in his cross-examination and explained that unless defense counsel could show “some undiscovered matter” he would grant the State’s motion. Appellant then moved to call Blalock as his own witness. Finding that motion untimely, the trial judge granted the State’s motion to quash. Appellant perfected his offer of proof.
As stated infra, appellant contended in the court of appeals that the trial court erred in precluding defense counsel from calling Blalock as a defense witness when he had not been excused by counsel and was available to testify. The court of appeals held:
Appellant has not shown that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to permit him to recall Blalock on the day after both sides had passed the witness. See Toler v. State, 546 S.W.2d 290 at 295 (Tex.Cr.App.1977); Davis v. State, 730 S.W.2d 171
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OPINION ON APPELLANT’S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW
MILLER, Judge.
Appellant was convicted by a jury of driving while intoxicated, and the trial judge assessed punishment at 180 days confinement, probated for a two year period, and a fine of $200.00. The court of appeals affirmed appellant’s conviction in an unpublished opinion. Love v. State, No. 11-90-059-CR (Tex.App.—Eastland, delivered December 12, 1991). We granted appellant’s petition on two grounds for review to determine whether the court of appeals erred in holding (1) the trial court did not err in precluding defense counsel from cross-examining one of the arresting officers on probable cause to arrest appellant because counsel failed to make an offer of proof as to what his cross-examination would have shown, and (2) the trial court did not err in refusing to permit appellant to call as a defense witness the breath alcohol testing supervisor who had earlier testified for the State and who was available to testify.
In his first ground for review, appellant claims the trial judge erred in refusing to permit him to fully cross-examine Officer G.W. Howard of the Humble Police Department. The record reflects that Howard was called by the State and testified that, in his opinion, appellant was intoxicated at the time of his arrest. On cross-examination, defense counsel attempted to question Howard about the existence of probable cause at the time of appellant’s arrest, but the trial court precluded the questioning. Appellant challenged the trial court’s ruling on direct appeal, and the court of appeals held appellant had not preserved the issue for appellate review because “[tjhere was no offer of proof nor bill of exceptions to show the ‘facts’ which appellant could have proved through cross-examination of this adverse witness.” Id., slip op. at 7.
The record reveals that at the time the trial court informed defense counsel he could not question Howard regarding the existence of probable cause the following transpired:
THE COURT: I’m instructing you not to go into matters of law with this witness. This is a fact witness.
[COUNSEL]: I’m well aware of that. THE COURT: He is only qualified to express an opinion on intoxication. Don’t go into opinion things with him because he is not qualified on those. He is only qualified on one thing. And do not go into matters of law with him.
[COUNSEL]: If I may explain to the Court briefly.
THE COURT: You can explain. COUNSEL: All right. There is a recent case out of the First Court of Appeals called, Fox v. State. And it is my intention of asking you later, after the evidence, for Article 3822 (sic) instruction on probable cause.
THE COURT: My instruction to you is the same. Do you understand it? And if you violate it you are in contempt of my ruling.
[901]*901We find defense counsel’s statement on the record is insufficient to preserve error for review. Tex.R.Crim.Evid. 103; Tex.R.App. Proc. 52.
An informal bill will suffice as an offer of proof when it includes a concise statement of counsel’s belief of what the testimony would show. Moosavi v. State, 711 S.W.2d 53 (Tex.Crim.App.1986). When counsel intends to rely upon an informal bill to preserve error, the bill must include a summary of the proposed testimony. In this case, however, counsel merely informed the trial judge that he intended to establish a basis for an instruction on the lack of probable cause and, hence, failed to provide the trial judge with a concise statement regarding the content of the testimony he proposed to elicit from the. witness. The court of appeals reached the correct conclusion, and therefore appellant’s first ground for review is overruled.
In his first point of error on direct appeal, germane to his second ground for review here, appellant argued before the court of appeals that the trial judge erred in refusing to allow him to call Jesse Blalock, a technical supervisor for the intoxilyzer instrument, as a defense witness when he had not been excused by defense counsel and was available to testify. At trial, Blalock was called as a witness during the State’s case-in-chief to testify regarding the internal functions of the intoxilyzer instrument used to measure appellant’s breath alcohol level. Based on a hypothetical question and the result of the intoxilyzer machine, Blalock estimated appellant’s breath alcohol level was .17 at the time of his arrest. The State concluded its direct examination with that question and passed the witness. Appellant’s counsel then cross-examined Blalock regarding his testimony as to, inter alia, “the inner workings and purported reliability of the In-toxilyzer, the breath testing program promulgated by the Texas Department of Public Safety, and the necessity of strict compliance with its requirements to ensure a reliable test result.” Appellant’s br. at 19. At the conclusion of Blalock’s testimony, an off-the-record bench conference was held and then the trial judge stated to Blalock, “[y]ou are excused, sir.”1 Court then recessed for the evening.
In the proceedings the following morning, the State moved to quash appellant’s subpoena for Blalock2 as defense counsel “had adequate time to cross-examine Mr. Blalock yesterday, which he did at length.” Defense counsel responded:
Yesterday I don’t believe the record will reflect that I released Mr. Blalock. He was allowed to step down.
Number two, since we were breaking at 5:00 o’clock yesterday, I wanted to research a couple of things Mr. Blalock said during his cross-examination and during his direct testimony. I have done that now.
I checked with Mr. Blalock yesterday and he told me that he would be in Court 6. He is in Court 6 right now. He is about to step off the stand and he will be over here directly.
Upon inquiry from the trial judge, defense counsel also responded he was restricted in his cross-examination because, not knowing what Blalock’s testimony would be, he did not have the necessary materials for impeachment purposes. The prosecutor expressed her belief that Blalock had been [902]*902released by both parties and the court, and the trial judge concurred. The judge then expressed that defense counsel had “full leeway” in his cross-examination and explained that unless defense counsel could show “some undiscovered matter” he would grant the State’s motion. Appellant then moved to call Blalock as his own witness. Finding that motion untimely, the trial judge granted the State’s motion to quash. Appellant perfected his offer of proof.
As stated infra, appellant contended in the court of appeals that the trial court erred in precluding defense counsel from calling Blalock as a defense witness when he had not been excused by counsel and was available to testify. The court of appeals held:
Appellant has not shown that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to permit him to recall Blalock on the day after both sides had passed the witness. See Toler v. State, 546 S.W.2d 290 at 295 (Tex.Cr.App.1977); Davis v. State, 730 S.W.2d 171 at 174 (Tex.App.—Eastland 1987, pet’n refd); TEX.CODE CRIM. PROC.ANN. arts. 36.01(b) and 36.02 (Vernon 1981 & Supp.1991); TEX.R.CRIM. EVID. 610(a). Appellant attempted to offer this testimony after passing the witness and before the State had concluded its presentation, and the offer of proof does not show that introduction of further testimony from Blalock was necessary to the due administration of justice.
Love, slip op. at 4.3
The court of appeals cited Toler v. State, 546 S.W.2d 290 (Tex.Crim.App.1977), and Davis v. State, 730 S.W.2d 171 (Tex.App.—Eastland 1987, pet. refd.), in overruling appellant’s contention. Essentially, these cases stand for the principles that (1) even if cross-examination is limited by the trial court,nothing is presented for review if there is no proof what the testimony would have been, and (2) the scope of cross-examination is within the control of the trial judge and within the exercise of his sound discretion. Toler, 546 S.W.2d at 295; and Davis, 730 S.W.2d at 174.4 We take these principles [903]*903and apply them to this case utilizing the Texas Rules of Criminal Evidence which were promulgated sometime after Toler and Davis were decided.
Appellant’s complaint centers on the trial judge’s refusal to allow defense counsel to recall Blalock for further cross-examination for impeachment purposes. Since appellant’s alleged error is predicated upon an exclusion of evidence (impeachment testimony), pursuant to Rule 103(a)(2), he must have made an offer of proof of the proposed evidence. A concise statement dictated into the record is sufficient to preserve the error for review. Tex.R.App.Proc. 52(b). Intertwined with this offer of proof is a showing that the testimony sought to be elicited is relevant, i.e., it tends to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence, and its probative value is not substantially outweighed by certain dangers. See Tex. R.Crim.Evid. 401 & 403.5
Appellant’s trial counsel dictated his offer of proof into the record, and included proposed exhibits, indicating the issues about which he would have questioned Blalock and the exhibits he would have used to impeach Blalock’s prior testimony and “the veracity and integrity of the State’s intoxilyzer test result.” See Craig v. State, 594 S.W.2d 91, 96 (Tex.Crim.App.1980) (panel opinion) (if court declines to permit defendant to recall State’s witness for further cross-examination error will not call for reversal if offer of proof fails to show what defendant expected to prove by his cross-examination), citing Duffy v. State, 41 Tex.Cr.R. 391, 55 S.W. 176 (1900); Johnson v. State, 773 S.W.2d 721 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1989, pet. ref d). From reviewing the record, we have determined appellant has met the threshold requirements of making an offer of proof and showing that the testimony he wished to adduce through Blalock was relevant. By recalling Blalock for further cross-examination, appellant desired to impeach the credibility of his prior testimony and the reliability of the intoxilyzer result. This testimony has a tendency to make less probable the fact that appellant was intoxicated, the determinative fact in this DWI prosecution. The State countered, however, at trial and on this petition that allowing further cross-examination of Blalock resulted in undue delay and the needless presentation of cumulative evidence.6 See Tex.R.Crim.Evid. 403. By its ruling, the trial court evidently agreed. We must determine whether the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to permit defense counsel to recall Blalock for the purpose of impeachment.7
Whether the trial judge abused his discretion will depend on the facts of the case. This case is much like Bills v. State, 55 Tex.Cr.R. 541, 117 S.W. 835 (Tex.Crim.App.1909), where defense counsel requested to recall a State’s witness, who had testified and been “dismissed from the stand[,]” for further cross-examination to impeach his prior testimony. The trial judge denied the requested recall, and the appellate court found no abuse of discretion by the trial judge. Of consequence was that the record did not reflect when counsel came into possession of the impeaching testimony, that the witness was accessible, or that the trial proceedings would not have been unnecessarily delayed. 117 S.W. at 836.8 The record in this cause [904]*904before us, however, is more adequately developed.
At the time the trial judge precluded defense counsel from recalling Blalock to the witness stand, counsel stated on the record that after the evening recess the previous day he had done research in response to Blalock’s testimony and was now in possession of impeachment materials. Counsel also indicated he had spoken to Blalock about testifying again, that he would be available shortly, and that his proposed cross-examination would only take about fifteen minutes. After the trial judge quashed the subpoena and counsel made his offer of proof, the court took a one hour recess. When the parties returned to the courtroom, defense counsel went on the record again and noted that Blalock was in the courthouse and available to testify. The State then rested its case. Given these circumstances, we cannot say that allowing defense counsel to recall Blal-ock would have caused undue delay in the trial proceedings.
We also do not find defense counsel was attempting to introduce cumulative evidence. In his proffer defense counsel offered exhibits which contained information directly contradicting Blalock’s prior testimony and discrediting the reliability of the intoxilyzer instrument. The proposed evidence was not repetitive of previous testimony even though counsel conducted a thorough cross-examination the previous day; rather, it was new information for impeachment purposes.
“Cross-examination is the cornerstone of the criminal trial process and, as such, a defendant must be given wide latitude ... to impeach [a witness’s] credibility.” Gutierrez v. State, 764 S.W.2d 796, 799 (Tex.Crim.App.1989).9 Finding that appellant’s further cross-examination of Blalock would not cause undue delay in the trial or present cumulative evidence, we therefore hold the trial judge abused his discretion in not allowing defense counsel to recall him.
Having found trial error, we must conduct a harm analysis pursuant to Tex. R.App.Proc. 81(b)(2). In Shelby v. State, 819 S.W.2d 544 (Tex.Crim.App.1991), this Court articulated the analysis to be done when evidence has been excluded via the erroneous limitation of cross-examination. The analysis is essentially a three-prong process:
First, assume that the damaging potential of the cross-examination were fully realized. Van Arsdall [475 U.S. at 683], 106 S.Ct. at 1438.[10] Second, with that assumption in mind, review the error in connection with the following factors:
1) The importance of the witness’ testimony in the prosecution’s case;
2) Whether the testimony was cumulative;
3) The presence or absence of evidence corroborating or contradicting the testimony of the witness on material points;
4) The extent of cross-examination otherwise permitted; and,
5) The overall strength of the prosecution’s case.
Van Arsdall [475 U.S. at 683], 106 S.Ct. at 1438.
Finally, in light of the first two prongs, determine if the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.
Shelby, 819 S.W.2d at 547. To perform this analysis, we must review the facts of this case and the excluded evidence.
The State presented evidence from two Humble Police Department officers, who arrested appellant and administered the in-toxilyzer test, and from Blalock. The officers testified, inter alia, that they initially stopped appellant for running a red light, but arrested him for DWI because he had slurred speech and a very strong alcohol odor. No field sobriety tests were done at [905]*905the scene, but such tests were done at the station while appellant was videotaped. Appellant successfully performed certain exercises but not others. Both officers expressed their opinions, based on their observations and experience, that appellant was intoxicated, but conceded that appellant’s performance may have exhibited the “normal use of his physical faculties.” The intoxilyzer operator stated that solely on the basis of his observations of appellant in the video room he would want to investigate further whether he was intoxicated. This officer also testified appellant voluntarily took the breath test, the result of which was a .16.
Blalock testified that the intoxilyzer instrument analyzes breath alcohol concentration, and he explained how the machine converts the breath sample into the percentage breath alcohol concentration which is the reported result. Blalock explained that prior to 1984,11 the intoxilyzer result was based upon a 2100 to 1 blood-breath ratio, meaning for every 2100 parts of alcohol in the blood there is one part of alcohol in the breath. This ratio was used to convert breath alcohol concentration into blood alcohol concentration for the intoxilyzer test result. Blalock further explained that since 1984 intoxilyzer operators report the breath alcohol concentration rather than reporting its conversion to blood alcohol concentration. He stated the intoxilyzer machine was the same, but the results were interpreted differently as the test reports only breath alcohol concentration and “no ratio is involved." In determining the breath alcohol concentration, the machine measures an amount of alcohol which could be put on the head of a pin. The machine is calibrated to report the amount of alcohol in 210 liters of breath although the volume of air actually measured is only “about a pint.”
The intoxilyzer instrument used in this case was the 4011 ASA model, which Blalock testified was being replaced by a machine called the 5000. Blalock stated that neither model has a condensation detector.12 He also inspected the intoxilyzer machine January 8, 1988, and January 25, 1988,13 but only to determine whether it could “read alcohol.” To run a valid test on the intoxilyzer it is necessary to follow the Department of Public Safety regulations. Pursuant to his knowledge of the regulations, Blalock trains operators, including the officer who administered the test in this case, to determine that the reference sample device14 used in the intoxi-[906]*906lyzer machine is at the proper temperature before running each breath test. Blalock does not require nor instruct the intoxilyzer operators to verify the reference sample device is properly sealed each time a breath test is run; he only requires such verification when the solution is changed.
Appellant testified at trial and was the only witness for the defense. He stated that prior to his arrest he had worked from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. at a trail ride. He drank two beers “for sure” possibly three between 5:00 and 6:00 p.m. His testimony regarding the events surrounding his arrest and subsequent treatment at the police station controverted the testimony from both officers. Appellant stated the light was green when he approached the intersection but it was yellow by the time he got through it. He was precluded from proceeding through it because a patrol car “had come out in the intersection” and he had to slam on his brakes to avoid hitting it. The patrol ear then pursued him, and he was arrested for DWI.
At the police station, appellant made several requests to use the telephone but was finally told he “wasn’t using shit until [he] blew in their machine.” Appellant asserted he was handcuffed and held by two officers while a third officer (who testified in this case) forced the tube from the intoxilyzer machine into his mouth. Appellant stated he did not voluntarily take the breath test and that he was not guilty of DWI.
In his offer of proof, appellant offered exhibits which he would have used to impeach the credibility of Blalock’s testimony and the veracity of the State’s intoxilyzer test result. Appellant first proffered “a CMI In-toxilyzer advertisement which ... indicates that breath alcohol concentration is, in turn, converted using the universally accepted 2100-to-l correlation ratio” to contradict Blalock’s testimony that the intoxilyzer is not premised upon this correlation. Secondly, appellant presented an intoxilyzer advertisement from the manufacturer of the 5000 model to impeach Blalock’s testimony that there was no water vapor protection built into this model. The advertisement states “No false reading due to water vapor absorption. The Intoxilyzer 5000 automatically subtracts water vapor from the reading.” Next, appellant read from an operator’s manual which indicated not all individuals have a breath-blood ratio of exactly 1 to 2100 to which the intoxilyzer instrument is calibrated. Finally, appellant presented a section of that manual addressing the procedure to determine “‘Reference Sample Ready’ as required on the TEST SEQUENCE INSTRUCTIONS” to show the intoxilyzer operator must check the seals in order to conduct a breath test according to DPS regulations.
In conducting our harm analysis where we have an improper limitation of cross-examination, this Court first focuses on Blalock’s testimony and assumes the damaging potential of appellant’s cross-examination was fully realized as we must assume appellant’s exhibits were admitted before the jury. We then apply the five factors of the second prong of the analysis.
1. The Importance of the Witness’s Testimony in the Prosecution’s case
The information alleged, which the jury charge mirrored, the two definitions of “intoxicated” as provided by statute.15 The State’s burden was to show appellant either was not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties by reason of the introduction of alcohol into his body or had an alcohol concentration of .10 or more while driving or operating his vehicle in a public place. The two Humble Police Department officers provided testimony on these issues. Blalock’s [907]*907testimony specifically concerned appellant by predominantly addressing how the intoxilyzer measured alcohol concentration and the regulations governing operating procedures, and then by expressing his opinion based on the intoxilyzer result that appellant was intoxicated.
2. Whether the testimony was cumulative
Blalock’s testimony was not cumulative of other evidence offered at trial. While Officer Williams, the intoxilyzer operator, testified to the procedures he used in administering the breath test, he did not explain the mechanics of the machine in measuring alcohol concentration.
3. The Presence or Absence of Evidence Corroborating or Contradicting the Testimony of the Witness on Material Points
Appellant testified that he was not intoxicated. The evidence appellant was precluded from presenting before the jury on further cross-examination was evidence which would have contradicted Blalock’s testimony regarding the internal functions of the intoxi-lyzer and challenged his knowledge thereof.
4. The Extent of Cross-examination Otherwise Permitted
Appellant was otherwise permitted to fully cross-examine Blalock.
5. The Overall Strength of the Prosecution’s Case
The State had evidence that appellant did not have the normal use of his mental and physical faculties and that he had a breath alcohol concentration of .16. The State also presented testimony of appellant’s moving violation which precipitated his arrest for DWI. The videotape, however, was inconclusive as it showed appellant successfully performing field sobriety tests, as well as failing some. Through cross-examination, defense counsel pointed out that the officer in the videotape exhibited some of the same characteristics as appellant which the officer testified indicated appellant was intoxicated. Appellant’s testimony contravened the State’s evidence except for the breath test result, which test appellant asserted he was compelled by officers to take. Appellant denied running the red light and contended he was not guilty of the DWI offense. The trial was thus a credibility battle which the jury resolved in the State’s favor.
The final prong in this harm analysis requires us to determine, in light of the first two prongs, if the error in limiting the cross-examination was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Had defense counsel been allowed to present his impeachment evidence, the jury would have heard that some of Blalock’s testimony was incorrect. The precluded evidence cast doubt on the reliability of the breath test result and discredited some testimony from Blalock. Although his testimony was not essential for conviction, the State chose to present him as its expert on breath alcohol testing, and we must consider that evidence which was before the jury at trial. Considering the conflicting evidence in this case, we cannot conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that the denial of further cross-examination for impeachment purposes made no contribution to the verdict in this cause.16 Appellant’s second ground for review is sustained.
Accordingly, the judgment of the court of appeals is reversed and this cause is remanded to the trial court.
McCORMICK,' P.J., not participating.