Furniture World, Inc. v. D.A.V. Thrift Stores, Inc.

168 F.R.D. 61, 36 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 1020, 40 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1315, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9120, 1996 WL 362508
CourtDistrict Court, D. New Mexico
DecidedJune 4, 1996
DocketNo. Civ 95-902 LFG/LCS
StatusPublished
Cited by18 cases

This text of 168 F.R.D. 61 (Furniture World, Inc. v. D.A.V. Thrift Stores, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. New Mexico primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Furniture World, Inc. v. D.A.V. Thrift Stores, Inc., 168 F.R.D. 61, 36 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 1020, 40 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1315, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9120, 1996 WL 362508 (D.N.M. 1996).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

SMITH, United States Magistrate Judge.

THIS MATTER having come before the Court on Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel and Memorandum, filed May 9, 1996, and Plaintiffs Second Motion to Compel and Memorandum, filed May 15, 1996, the Magistrate Judge having reviewed the briefs submitted in connection therewith and the entire rec[62]*62ord, finds that the motions are well-taken and that said motions should be granted.

I. Plaintiffs First Motion to Compel

At the deposition of the Defendant’s expert witness, Ms. Nancy Byers, counsel for Defendant objected to certain questions propounded by Plaintiffs counsel and directed that the witness not answer those questions on the basis of the “work product” doctrine. See Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495, 67 S.Ct. 385, 91 L.Ed. 451 (1947). Defendant had retained Ms. Byers, a marketing consultant, to provide her expert opinion with respect to the generic nature of the terms “valley” and “furniture” and their use together in the name of a retail furniture store. The objections went to questions concerning what documents counsel furnished to Ms. Byers and whether or not she had performed “market research” or other research with regard to the term “Valley Furniture Warehouse” and other similar names. In addition, Defendant contends that it consulted with her in anticipation of a potential need for a rebuttal witness to Plaintiffs expert’s testimony. Defendant, however, does not expect to call Ms. Byers on rebuttal. Defendant maintains that in the process of consulting with Ms. Byers, counsel outlined her legal opinions, ideas, and theories of the case including how she thought the Plaintiff might present its case. Consequently, the Defendant argues that the work product doctrine should apply.

A. Deposing Ms. Byers as an Expert Expected to Testify at Trial

Rule 26(a)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure deals with the deposition of expert witnesses expected to testify at trial. In 1993, Rule 26(a)(2) was amended in a number of ways. Among the dramatic changes enacted that year were the addition of certain provisions related to discovery of the names, qualifications and opinions of expert witnesses. The rationale behind these changes was to “secure the just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every action.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 1.

Rule 26(a)(2) provides that disclosure of a party’s expert together with a copy of a written report is to be furnished to the opposing party as directed by the court. The report is required to include, inter alia, a “complete statement of all opinions to be expressed and the basis and reasons therefor; the data or other information considered by the witness in forming the opinions ...” (emphasis added). The committee comment provides:

Given this obligation of disclosure, litigants should no longer be able to argue that materials furnished to their experts to be used in forming their opinions—whether or not ultimately relied upon by the expert— are privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure when such persons are testifying or being deposed.

Additionally, Rule 34(c) provides that a “person not a party to the action may be compelled to produce documents and things or to submit to an inspection as provided in Rule 45.” When Rule 34(c) is read with Rule 26(a)(2), it is clear that all documents provided to a party’s expert witness must be produced on request. Corrigan v. Methodist Hospital, 158 F.R.D. 54 (E.D.Pa.1994). See also Intermedics, Inc. v. Ventritex, Inc., 139 F.R.D. 384 (N.D.Cal.1991).

In Intermedies, a case remarkably similar factually to the present ease although decided prior to the 1993 amendments, the court required revelation of the documents furnished to the expert based on a fairness analysis. The reasoning in Intermedies is made even more compelling in light of the revisions contained in Rule 26(a)(2). Considering the rules and case law such as Intermedies, I find that the Defendant should comply with the Plaintiffs requests for discovery from Ms. Byers in her capacity as an expert expected to testify at trial.

B. Deposing Ms. Byers as a Consulting Expert

Defendant also contends that Ms. Byers was retained as a non-testifying expert consultant with respect to matters involving rebuttal of Plaintiffs expert’s testimony. Thus, the Defendant argues that the Plaintiff must show “exceptional circumstances” before it can seek discovery from Ms. Byers and overcome the assertion of the work prod[63]*63uct doctrine. See Rule 26(b)(4)(B). In my view, under the facts and circumstances of this case, a person initially selected to testify as an expert at trial cannot be shielded from questioning by later being also designated as a consultant expert and invoking the work product doctrine. Counsel must choose to designate an expert as either one who will testify at trial or consult with counsel. Having an expert who is both creates an unmanageable situation by requiring a question-by-question analysis of an expert witnesses’ deposition testimony to determine whether the work product doctrine applies. Moreover, because the deadline for listing expert witnesses expected to testify at trial has passed, the Defendant cannot designate Ms. Byers as a consultant unless it is willing to also remove Ms. Byers from the list of witnesses expected to testify at trial. Accordingly, I find that unless the Defendant removes Ms. Byers from the list of witnesses expected to testify at trial, the Defendant’s designation of Ms. Byers as a consulting expert does not bar her deposition nor negate her obligation to produce the documents the Plaintiff has requested from her.

C. Defendant’s Manner of Objecting

I further note that the Defendant’s manner of objecting to the questioning of Ms. Byers raises the issue of whether those objections were properly reserved. The Defendant in this case directed Ms. Byers not to answer certain questions and did not file a motion for protective order. This lack of action forced the Plaintiff to file a motion to compel and thus put the burden on the Plaintiff to justify that motion.

Rule 30(d)(1) specifically states that “[a] party may instruct a deponent not to answer only when necessary to preserve a privilege, to enforce a limitation on evidence directed by the court, or to present a motion under paragraph (3).” In that situation, the party opposing the questioning must promptly file a motion for protective order. See, e.g., Hisaw v. Unisys Corp., 134 F.R.D. 151, 152 (W.D.La.1991); Nutmeg Insurance Co. v. At-well, Vogel & Sterling, 120 F.R.D. 504 (W.D.La.1988); American Hangar, Inc. v. Basic Line, Inc., 105 F.R.D. 173 (D.Mass.1985). The Defendant did not follow this procedure. I, therefore, find that the Defendant’s manner of objecting to the questioning of Ms. Byers was improper.

II. Plaintiffs Second Motion to Compel

In Plaintiffs Second Motion to Compel, the Plaintiff asks the Court to enter an order compelling Gregory Giles to answer certain deposition questions which the Defendant directed Mr.

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Bluebook (online)
168 F.R.D. 61, 36 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 1020, 40 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1315, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9120, 1996 WL 362508, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/furniture-world-inc-v-dav-thrift-stores-inc-nmd-1996.