Blancq v. Hapag-Lloyd A.G.

986 F. Supp. 376, 1998 A.M.C. 1440, 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18855, 1997 WL 732421
CourtDistrict Court, E.D. Louisiana
DecidedNovember 24, 1997
DocketCivil Action No. 96-229
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 986 F. Supp. 376 (Blancq v. Hapag-Lloyd A.G.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. Louisiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Blancq v. Hapag-Lloyd A.G., 986 F. Supp. 376, 1998 A.M.C. 1440, 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18855, 1997 WL 732421 (E.D. La. 1997).

Opinion

VANCE, District Judge.

ORDER AND REASONS

Before the Court are two motions filed by the defendants: (1) a motion for summary judgment dismissing the claims of plaintiff Ronald Blancq; and (2) a motion to strike plaintiffs demand for a trial by jury. For the reasons set forth below, both motions are DENIED.

I. BACKGROUND

Captain Ronald Blancq was employed as a Mississippi River pilot and hired by the M/V NEUREMBERG EXPRESS to perform services on or about January 3, 1995. Pet. ¶ III. The M/V NEUREMBERG EXPRESS was owned/operated by defendants Hapag-Lloyd A.G. and Hapag-Lloyd (America), Inc. (collectively referred to hereinafter as “Ha-pag-Lloyd”). Pet. ¶ IV. Plaintiff alleges that he was injured when he attempted to leave the vessel by way of the ship’s Jacob ladder. Pet. TV. Plaintiff contends that the defendants were negligent in the following ways:

(a) Failing to properly maintain the Jacob’s ladder aboard the M/V NEUREM-BERG EXPRESS.
(b) Failing to properly anchor or secure the Jacob’s ladder aboard the M/V NEU-REMBERG EXPRESS.
(c) Failing to provide proper handholds or stanchions in the vicinity of the Jacob’s ladder.
(d) Failing to warn petitioner of the defective condition of the M/V NEUREMBERG EXPRESS and its appurtenances.
(e) Failing to properly warn of the slack in the Jacob’s ladder aboard the M/V NEU-REMBERG EXPRESS, as well as the lack of handholds or stanchions.

Pet. T VI.

This action was originally filed in the 34th Judicial District Court for the Parish of St. Bernard, State of Louisiana, on January 3, 1996. Defendants timely removed the action from the state court to the Eastern District of Louisiana on January 18, 1996. This Court has diversity jurisdiction over this [378]*378matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332.1 Ha-pag-Lloyd now moves this Court for summary judgment and further requests that plaintiffs demand for trial by jury be stricken.

II. DISCUSSION

Summary judgment is appropriate when there is no genuine issue as to any material facts, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Factual controversies are resolved in favor of the non-moving party only if there is an actual controversy, that is, when both parties have submitted evidence of contradictory facts. Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir.1994) (en banc). The court must determine whether there are any genuine issues of material fact that preclude judgment as a matter of law. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 250, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2511, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).

A. Plaintiffs Legal Status

In maritime law, the standard of care owed by the vessel owner to the plaintiff depends upon the plaintiffs legal status. Hapag-Lloyd argues that plaintiff is covered under the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act (“LHWCA”), 33 U.S.C. §§ 901-950, and is owed only a limited duty of care from the vessel owner under § 905(b). Plaintiff asserts that he falls under neither the Jones Act, nor the LHWCA and that the defendants owed him a warranty of seaworthiness under the doctrine articulated in Seas Shipping Co. v. Sieracki, 328 U.S. 85, 66 S.Ct. 872, 90 L.Ed. 1099 (1946) (hereinafter the “Sieracki doctrine”).2

It is generally recognized that “[t]here is some confusion ... over the status of a pilot who suffers personal injury.” 2 Thomas J. Schoenbaum, Admiralty and Maritime Law § 13-1 at 238 (2d ed.1994). See generally Guy C. Stephenson, A Pilot is a Pilot: Compulsory Pilots-Vessel Oumer’s Responsibilities for Intervention and Personal Injury, 70 Tul. L.Rev. 633, 638-46 (1995) (reviewing pilot’s coverage under Jones Act, LHWCA, and warranty of seaworthiness); Jack L. All-britton, Seaman Status in Wilander’s Wake, 68 Tul. L.Rev. 373, 377-85 (1994) (same); David W. Robertson, Continuing Issues in the Rights of Injured Maritime Workers in the Wilander-Gizoni Era, 24 Rutgers L.J. 443, 451-59 (1993) (same). Thus, the first question this Court must resolve is the legal status of a river pilot.

Under Louisiana law, river port pilots have the exclusive right to pilot vessels on the Mississippi River between New Orleans and Pilottown, Louisiana, and within certain other geographical limits. La. R.S. 34:996. A river port pilot must be certified by the Board of River Port Pilot Commissioners for the Port of New Orleans and appointed by the governor. La. R.S. 34:992. River port pilots are intensively regulated under state law — for example, the fees charged to the [379]*379vessels for the pilotage services is set by statute. La. R.S. 34:997. Although a pilot works on each vessel for only a short period of time, he is exposed to the typical hazards of the sea, and his duties are clearly related to the navigation of the vessel.

1. Jones Act Coverage

The Jones Act provides a cause of action in negligence for “any seamen” injured “in the course of his employment.” 46 U.S.C. § 688(a). In two recent opinions, the United States Supreme Court clarified the definition of “seamen” under the Jones Act. See Chandris, Inc. v. Latsis, 515 U.S. 347, 115 S.Ct. 2172, 132 L.Ed.2d 314 (1995); McDermott Int'l Inc. v. Wilander, 498 U.S. 337, 111 S.Ct. 807, 112 L.Ed.2d 866 (1991). The Supreme Court concluded that there are two requirements for seaman status: First, “an employee’s duties must contribute to the function of the vessel or to the accomplishment of its mission.” Chandris, Inc., 515 U.S. at 368, 115 S.Ct. at 2190 (internal quotations omitted). Second, “a seaman must have a connection to a vessel in navigation (or to an identifiable group of such vessels) that is substantial in terms of both its duration and nature.” Id.

Prior to these Supreme Court opinions, the Fifth Circuit, in Bach v. Trident Steamship Co., Inc., 920 F.2d 322 (5th Cir.1991), held that a compulsory river pilot was not a “seaman” under the Jones Act because he was not permanently assigned to any particular vessel or fleet of vessels. The test used by the Fifth Circuit was substantially similar to the test articulated by the Supreme Court in Wilander and Chandris, Inc. See id.

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