Benjamin v. Anderson

2005 MT 123, 112 P.3d 1039, 327 Mont. 173, 2005 Mont. LEXIS 201, 86 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 41,965, 95 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1504
CourtMontana Supreme Court
DecidedMay 17, 2005
Docket03-757
StatusPublished
Cited by28 cases

This text of 2005 MT 123 (Benjamin v. Anderson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Montana Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Benjamin v. Anderson, 2005 MT 123, 112 P.3d 1039, 327 Mont. 173, 2005 Mont. LEXIS 201, 86 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 41,965, 95 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1504 (Mo. 2005).

Opinions

JUSTICE COTTER

delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1 Jerry Anderson (“Anderson”) and Darinda Williams (‘Darinda”), the former manager and former owner of Joker’s Wild Bar and Restaurant, respectively, appeal from the Opinion and Order of the Montana Fourth Judicial District Court, in which the court determined that they were liable for sexual discrimination by sexual harassment against Nina Benjamin (‘Benjamin”). Benjamin cross-appeals that portion of the District Court’s Order which dismissed Richard Williams [176]*176(‘Dick”) as a party to that lawsuit. We affirm the District Court on both the appeal and cross-appeal.

ISSUES

¶2 Anderson and Darinda present five issues on appeal, which we restate as follows:

¶3 1. Did the District Court err when it concluded that Benjamin’s complaint was not barred by the statute of limitations?

¶4 2. Did the District Court err when it concluded that sexual harassment had occurred, without making an explicit finding that the alleged sexual harassment was sufficiently severe or pervasive as to alter Benj amin’s conditions of employment and create an abusive work environment?

¶5 3. Did the District Court err when it upheld damages for lost wages?

¶6 4. Did the District Court err when it concluded that Benjamin’s wage loss recovery should not be reduced for failure to mitigate?

¶7 5. Did the District Court err when it re-imposed the Hearing Examiner’s award for emotional distress, and refused to strike the award of damages altogether?

¶8 Benjamin presents one issue on cross-appeal:

¶9 6. Did the District Court err when it concluded that Dick was not the employer or an agent of the employer of Benjamin?

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶10 Benjamin filed a complaint of discrimination with the Montana Human Rights Bureau of the Department of Labor and Industry on September 17, 1999, alleging that Anderson, Darinda, and Darinda’s husband Dick, committed sexual discrimination by sexual harassment. A contested case hearing proceeded from January 23 through January 27,2001. The Hearing Examiner entered the Final Agency Decision on January 2, 2002, concluding that Anderson and Darinda had committed sexual discrimination by sexual harassment against Benjamin, but further concluding that Dick was not liable to Benjamin, dismissing him from the case. Anderson and Darinda appealed the Final Agency Decision to the Montana Human Rights Commission (‘HRC”). The HRC issued its Order Affirming and Amending Final Agency Decision on April 23,2002, in which it upheld the majority of the Final Agency Decision, but concluded that the Hearing Examiner’s award of monetary relief for B enj amin’s emotional distress was excessive and reduced it from $75,000 to $40,000. The [177]*177HRC also determined that an error had been made in calculating Benjamin’s health care expenses and added $10,552 to the medical award.

¶11 Anderson and Darinda appealed the HRC decision to the District Court. Benjamin cross-appealed the issues of the dismissal of Dick and the HRC’s reduction of the emotional distress award. In its Opinion and Order filed September 12, 2003, the District Court upheld the finding of Anderson’s and Darinda’s liability, reinstated the Final Agency Decision’s emotional distress award of $75,000, and affirmed Dick’s dismissal from the case. This appeal follows.

¶12 In determining whether or not substantial credible evidence supports the findings at the hearings level, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the respondent. See Hunter v. City of Bozeman (1985), 216 Mont. 251, 255, 700 P.2d 184, 187 (citations omitted). Thus, where contradictory evidence exists, we recite the facts as found by the Hearing Examiner in the Final Agency Decision.

¶ 13 Benjamin (formerly Nina Lande), was an employee at Joker’s Wild Bar and Restaurant in Missoula from September 17, 1998, through March 29,1999. Benjamin worked primarily as a cocktail waitress. She was supervised by Anderson, Darinda, and Darinda’s son Michael Williams (‘Michael’). Her regular shift was the evening shift in the lounge, where she usually worked with bartender Nicole Crisafulli (‘Crisafulli’). Benjamin occasionally worked banquets at Darinda’s request in addition to her cocktail waitress shifts.

¶14 During the time Benjamin worked at Joker’s Wild, Darinda owned the business and Anderson and Michael both worked as managers. Dick was an active adviser to the business, and held an ownership interest in the name “Joker’s Wild.” Further details about Dick’s involvement with Joker’s Wild will be provided in the discussion below.

¶15 In December 1998, Joker’s Wild held an employee Christmas party at the restaurant and provided free liquor to attending employees and their guests. Benjamin and her then-husband, Tim Lande (‘Lande’), attended. Darinda was the on-duty manager at the start of the party. She distributed bonuses and gifts to employees, including a $100 bonus to Benjamin. She also announced that Anderson and Michael were purchasing Joker’s Wild. Indeed Anderson and Michael did buy the business later in 1999-a fact which the Hearing Examiner found significant, given the manner in which the Joker’s Wild management chose to deal with Benjamin’s complaint about Anderson’s behavior toward her.

¶16 Darinda left the premises during the party, leaving Anderson as [178]*178the on-duty manager. Anderson did not drink any alcohol at the party, but did tend bar briefly so that the hired bartender could take breaks. Joker’s Wild had a policy which required managers to ensure that intoxicated customers and employees would not drive themselves home. Anderson left the party at least once to drive an intoxicated guest home.

¶17 Lande left before the end of the party, but Benjamin remained. She had several mixed drinks and danced with Anderson and a member of the hired band. When she was ready to leave, it was apparent to other attendees that she was too intoxicated to drive. Anderson told Benjamin he would give her a ride home. Crisafulli also offered to give Benjamin a ride home, but Benjamin refused Crisafulli’s offer, reasoning that Anderson lived near Benjamin while Crisafulli would have to drive out of her way to take Benjamin home.

¶18 Anderson left Joker’s Wild with Benjamin as his passenger. He did not drive her directly home, but traveled on side streets and stopped his car three or four times to pursue sexual contact with Benjamin. Benjamin drifted in and out of consciousness, and awakened to discover that Anderson was attempting to remove her clothing. During one stop, Benjamin told Anderson that she believed she was going to be ill. Anderson let her out of the car. Benjamin then returned to the car and Anderson drove her home.

¶19 The following day, Benjamin called in sick to work. She testified that she was both too ill and too ashamed of the incident with Anderson to face him at work. Benjamin returned to work three days after the Christmas party. At the beginning of her first shift, Anderson asked her to ‘have a bite to eat” with him. Benjamin refused. Anderson persisted, and Benjamin agreed to meet him at a table in the bar area of Joker’s Wild. They discussed Anderson’s actions after he left the Christmas party with Benjamin.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Difolco v. MT State Hospital
2026 MT 26 (Montana Supreme Court, 2026)
Norval Electric Coop v. Lawson
2022 MT 245 (Montana Supreme Court, 2022)
Bolton v. Butte Silver Bow Public Works
2021 MT 107N (Montana Supreme Court, 2021)
Greenwood v. Department of Revenue
2020 MT 149 (Montana Supreme Court, 2020)
KB Enters., LLC v. Mont. Human Rights Comm'n
2019 MT 131 (Montana Supreme Court, 2019)
Blaine and Hill Co. v. Stricker
2017 MT 80 (Montana Supreme Court, 2017)
Peretti v. State, Department of Revenue
2016 MT 105 (Montana Supreme Court, 2016)
Meine v. Hren Ranches, Inc.
2015 MT 21 (Montana Supreme Court, 2015)
Bilesky v. Shopko Stores Operating Co., LLC
2014 MT 300 (Montana Supreme Court, 2014)
America's Best Contractors, Inc. v. Singh
2014 MT 70 (Montana Supreme Court, 2014)
Estate of Welch v. Holcim, Inc.
2014 MT 1 (Montana Supreme Court, 2014)
Puskas v. Pine Hills Youth Correctional Facility
2013 MT 223 (Montana Supreme Court, 2013)
Baxter Homeowners Ass'n v. Angel
2013 MT 83 (Montana Supreme Court, 2013)
Edwards v. Cascade County Sheriff's Department
2009 MT 451 (Montana Supreme Court, 2009)
Edwards v. Cascade Co. Sher
2009 MT 451 (Montana Supreme Court, 2009)
Knowles v. State Ex Rel. Lindeen
2009 MT 415 (Montana Supreme Court, 2009)
McDonald v. Department of Environmental Quality
2009 MT 209 (Montana Supreme Court, 2009)
Denke v. Shoemaker
2008 MT 418 (Montana Supreme Court, 2008)
Thomas Mercer v. Dennis McGee
2008 MT 626 (Montana Supreme Court, 2008)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
2005 MT 123, 112 P.3d 1039, 327 Mont. 173, 2005 Mont. LEXIS 201, 86 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 41,965, 95 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1504, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/benjamin-v-anderson-mont-2005.