Alliant Hospitals, Inc. v. Benham

105 S.W.3d 473, 2003 Ky. App. LEXIS 90, 2003 WL 2004256
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedMay 2, 2003
Docket2002-CA-000517-MR
StatusPublished
Cited by16 cases

This text of 105 S.W.3d 473 (Alliant Hospitals, Inc. v. Benham) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Alliant Hospitals, Inc. v. Benham, 105 S.W.3d 473, 2003 Ky. App. LEXIS 90, 2003 WL 2004256 (Ky. Ct. App. 2003).

Opinions

OPINION

KNOPF, Judge.

Soon after his birth on July 23, 1999, it became apparent that Zachary Benham had suffered brain damage. On Zachary’s behalf, his parents, Angel1 and Kevin Ben-ham, sued first the doctor who performed the delivery and later the hospital, Norton Hospital in Louisville, where the delivery took place. The Benhams alleged that the doctor had misused a device, a vacuum extractor, that had caused cerebral bleeding, and that the attending nurses had failed to respond appropriately to signs that during labor the fetus had become dangerously distressed. Following a jury trial in Jefferson Circuit Court in December 2001, the doctor was exonerated, but the hospital was found liable and ordered to pay damages totaling more than three-million dollars. Of that total, the jury designated almost two-million dollars to compensate Zachary for his .future medical expenses. On February 16, 2002, after entry of the judgment but while timely post-trial motions were pending, Zachary died. Thereupon the hospital moved that the award of future medical expenses be severed from the judgment. The trial court denied the motion by order entered March 6, 2002. It is from these rulings, the December 27, 2001, judgment and the order of March 6, 2002, that the hospital appeals. It contends that the trial court should have admitted into evidence a letter from Zachary’s counsel to one of his testifying experts, that the court should not have awarded Zachary damages for pain and suffering, and that, when Zachary’s death made it apparent that he would incur no additional medical expenses, the court should have amended the judgment accordingly. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

The hospital predicated its defense on the theory that the fetus had likely suffered injury prior to labor before Angel came to the hospital, that the alleged signs of fetal distress during labor had not been as alarming as the Benhams maintained and did not indicate an injury at that time, and that the nurses had responded appropriately. As part of its support for this theory, the hospital sought to show that even the Benhams’ counsel and medical experts had initially discounted the possibility of an intrapartum injury. This discounting was evidenced, the hospital argued, by the fact that the Benhams had first sued the doctor but not the hospital and that their experts’ first disclosures had focused on the trauma allegedly caused by the vacuum extractor. The hospital showed the Benhams’ initial complaint and the experts’ interrogatory responses to the jury and questioned the experts extensively about the apparent change in their theory of how Zachary’s injuries came about.

The principal expert against the hospital, Dr. Harlan Giles, responded that his theory had not changed. He had believed as soon as he had reviewed the various hospital records, he testified, that the baby had indeed been injured by the bleeding caused by the vacuum extractor, but also that he had been injured during labor when the supply of blood, and hence the supply of oxygen, to his brain had been interrupted.

In an attempt to impeach Dr. Giles’s testimony, the hospital referred to a March 6, 2000, letter from the Benhams’ counsel to a second doctor, Dr. Herman-sen. The pertinent portion of the letter states,

[476]*476Harlan [Dr. Giles] has advised me that there are periods of hyperstimulation, but that they are intermittent, and he also advises that there are intermittent late decelerations, and he does not believe the child’s brain damage was caused by an hypoxic ischemic event during labor, but rather he believes the cerebral palsy is due to the bleed that began at delivery with the application of the vacuum extractor.

Without identifying the letter, the hospital quoted from it and asked Dr. Giles if he had not formerly expressed these opinions about the cause of Zachary’s injury.

Dr. Giles denied having ever expressed those opinions. He testified that the quoted portion of the letter was not an accurate statement of his opinion at any time, that he had, in fact, believed then, in March 2000, and still believed at trial, that Zachary’s brain damage had resulted in part from oxygen deprivation during labor. The hospital moved to introduce counsel’s letter into evidence, but the trial court denied the motion on the ground that, as part of a pre-litigation expert consultation, the letter was privileged.

The hospital acknowledges that eviden-tiary rulings are left largely to the trial court’s sound discretion,2 but contends that in this instance the trial court abused that discretion. First, it argues, the letter should not be deemed privileged because counsel made a similar representation of Dr. Giles’s opinion in other, post-litigation, letters. Even if the privilege applies, moreover, counsel waived the privilege when he permitted Dr. Hermansen to be deposed about it. Finally, the privilege should be narrowly cabined, the hospital asserts, because it conflicts with the trial court’s fundamental obligation to find the truth.

With this last argument, at least, we agree. Courts have long sought the proper balance between CR 26.02’s incorporation of the work-product rule, pursuant to which a lawyer’s trial preparation is shielded from appropriation by his adversary, and its policy of facilitating meaningful cross-examination of expert witnesses.3 As expert testimony has steadily assumed greater importance in our courts, the trend has been decidedly toward open discovery and disclosure of the materials, including a lawyer’s work product, that a testifying expert considers.4 Were we writing on a blank slate, therefore, we would not hesitate to find the letter at issue here admissible.

The slate is not blank, however. As the trial court correctly observed, in Newsome v. Lowe,5 this Court held that pre-litigation expert consultations should be afforded the protection of the work-product rule and shielded from discovery. The shield was necessary, the Court believed, to enable and to encourage plaintiffs counsel to assess the client’s claim prior to filing suit. The trial court did not abuse its discretion by applying this well established precedent. Nor do the hospital’s other arguments change this result. The fact that other letters might not be entitled to the same protection does not change the status of this letter. And, contrary to the hospital’s assertion, the Ben-hams did not waive the right to exclude the letter. At Dr. Hermansen’s deposition and at all pertinent times thereafter, plain[477]*477tiffs counsel duly objected to its introduction into the case.

Even were we to conclude that the letter should have been admitted, moreover, the hospital would not be entitled to relief because there is little likelihood that the admission would have affected the outcome of the trial.6 As noted above, in its extensive cross-examination of Dr. Giles, the hospital was able to confront him with the apparent change in his opinion and managed to let the jury know what counsel’s letter to Dr. Hermansen said. Admission of the letter itself would have added little to this evidence, not enough to suggest a different result.

The hospital next contends that the trial court erred by permitting the jury to find that Zachary was entitled to general damages for pain and suffering.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Jon David Walker v. Lynn Lemmon Walker
Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2026
David Parks v. Kentucky Parole Board
Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2025
Legna Tocado Rodriguez v. Jeffrey B. Sharp
Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2024
Michael Vincent Lusardi v. Sarah Lee Lusardi
Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2023
Toma Washington v. Commonwealth of Kentucky
Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2022
Robert Markham Taylor v. Commonwealth of Kentucky
Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2021
Edward Michael Szewczyk v. Angel Goff-Szewczyk
Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2021
Joann Scott v. Steven Wade Scott
Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2020
Leeds v. CITY OF MULDRAUGH
329 S.W.3d 341 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2010)
Snodgrass v. Snodgrass
297 S.W.3d 878 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2009)
Raisor v. Burkett
214 S.W.3d 895 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2007)
CSX Transportation, Inc. v. Ryan
192 S.W.3d 345 (Kentucky Supreme Court, 2006)
Alliant Hospitals, Inc. v. Benham
105 S.W.3d 473 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2003)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
105 S.W.3d 473, 2003 Ky. App. LEXIS 90, 2003 WL 2004256, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/alliant-hospitals-inc-v-benham-kyctapp-2003.