Ainsley v. United States

8 Cl. Ct. 394, 1985 U.S. Claims LEXIS 955
CourtUnited States Court of Claims
DecidedJuly 2, 1985
DocketNo. 548-84L
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 8 Cl. Ct. 394 (Ainsley v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ainsley v. United States, 8 Cl. Ct. 394, 1985 U.S. Claims LEXIS 955 (cc 1985).

Opinion

OPINION

LYDON, Judge:

Plaintiff has alleged in her amended complaint,1 filed on February 28, 1985, that the combination of two Acts of Congress resulted in a taking of her property without just compensation in violation of the fifth amendment to the United States Constitution. The court has before it defendant’s motion to dismiss plaintiff’s amended complaint pursuant to RUSCC 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(4) and plaintiff’s opposition thereto. In defendant’s motion to dismiss it asserts that (1) defendant has not taken plaintiff’s property and (2) plaintiff’s claim is not ripe in that she has failed to exhaust her available administrative remedies. Plaintiff counters defendant’s motion to dismiss by contending that administrative proceedings in this case, given the statutory and regulatory provisions, would not serve the purposes behind the rule requiring a claimant to exhaust her administrative remedies before proceeding to this court in that it is clear that the agency(s) would deny her application to utilize her property as she wishes. As to the taking issue itself, plaintiff maintains that the existence of a taking depends on the individual circumstances of each case and thus she is entitled to a trial on the matter. After reviewing the submissions of both parties, the relevant statutes and regulations, the pertinent case law, and after oral argument, the court concludes that defendant’s motion to dismiss should be allowed without prejudice.

I.

The following is a narrative of the basic facts in this case as presented by plaintiff to the court.2

On January 8, 1963, plaintiff’s husband, George Ainsley, now deceased, purchased a tract of coal property from Frank and Sue Dulik. The tract is located in Springhill Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The property purchased by plaintiff’s husband included “[a]ll of the remaining and unmined Pittsburg or nine foot vein or seam of coal underlying all that certain tract of land [approximately 127 acres] * * After describing the 127-acre tract of land, the deed estimated that 40.43 acres of Pittsburgh coal remained.

In addition to purchasing the coal property, plaintiff’s husband also purchased certain broad rights related to his potential mining operations which could affect the overlying lands. Those rights included:

TOGETHER with the right to mine, extract and remove the entire amount and body of said coal with all the rights and privileges necessary and useful in the mining, removing and manufacturing of said coal into coke or other products, without being required to provide or leave support for the overlying land and without being liable for any injury to the [396]*396overlying land or the water or water courses therein or thereon or to any structures or other things whatsoever therein or thereon by reason of the mining and removing of said coal or the manufacturing the same into coke or other products at the works of the second party, her successors or assigns, wherever located or hereafter to be located.
TOGETHER with the righ [sic] to make and maintain tracks, roads and ways in and through said mines forever; for the transporting and draining of said coal and any other coal and for the transportation of supplies to and from other lands, with all the rights of ventilation for drainage of mines of this or other coal, and access to and egress from all mines or openings on the land hereby conveyed by means of electricity, steam, rail or other roads for men and materials and the transportation of the coal of the land hereby conveyed or other lands through the mines and openings and over said roads, generally freed and discharged from all servitude from the overlying land or anything therein or thereon.

Plaintiffs husband died on May 11, 1976 and willed all of his right, title and interest in the coal property and mining rights to plaintiff, his wife.

On November 10, 1978, by Pub.L. No. 95-625, Title V, Subtitle A, § 509, 92 Stat. 3509, 16 U.S.C.A. § 461 note (1985), the United States Congress authorized the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Friendship Hill National Historic Site. The site would be a part of the National Park System. The Act also appropriated the necessary funds to acquire the property for the park. Pursuant to the Act, defendant acquired certain properties on December 27, 1979, including the surface property which overlies plaintiffs coal property. This property was made a part of the Friendship Hill National Historic Site.

As a result of defendant’s purchase of the land overlying plaintiff’s coal property, and the placement of that land in the Friendship Hill National Historic Site, plaintiff contends that her coal property is now within the boundaries of the National Park System. As such, said coal property is subject to the prohibition on surface coal mining operations set out in the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (Surface Mining Act), 30 U.S.C. § 1201 et seq. (1982). Section 1272(e)(1) of Title 30 provides:

After August 3, 1977, and subject to valid existing rights no surface coal mining operations except those which exist on August 3, 1977 shall be permitted—
(1) on any lands within the boundaries of units in the National Park System * *.

Though any mining operations conducted by plaintiff would be underground, section 1291(28) of the Surface Mining Act defines surface mining broadly enough to encompass plaintiff’s potential mining activities. Section 1291(28) states in relevant part:

“surface coal mining operations” means—
(A) activities conducted on the surface of lands in connection with a surface coal mine or subject to the requirements of section 1266 of this title surface operations and surface impacts incident to an underground coal mine, the products of which enter commerce or the operations of which directly or indirectly affect interstate commerce. * * *
******
(B) the areas upon which such activities occur or where such activities disturb the natural land surface. Such areas shall also include any adjacent land the use of which is incidental to any such activities, all lands affected by the construction of new roads or the improvement or use of existing roads to gain access to the site of such activities and for haulage, and excavations, workings, impoundments, dams, ventilation shafts, entryways, refuse banks, dumps, stockpiles, overburden piles, spoil banks, culm banks, tailings, holes or depressions, repair areas, storage areas, processing areas, shipping areas and other areas upon which are sited structures, facilities, or other property or materials on the sur[397]*397face, resulting from or incident to such activities; * * *.

At the time of the passage of the Surface Mining Act and the creation of the Friendship Hill Historic Site, plaintiff maintains that neither any coal mining operations existed on her property nor had she applied for or obtained a permit for mining coal.

Plaintiff filed her complaint, as amended, in this court alleging that the two Acts passed by Congress, discussed above, act in concert to prohibit her from mining coal on her land which is the only beneficial use for her coal property.

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Bluebook (online)
8 Cl. Ct. 394, 1985 U.S. Claims LEXIS 955, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ainsley-v-united-states-cc-1985.