16-1-106 . Definitions. As used in this code, the following definitions apply:
(1) "Agency franchise agreement" means an agreement between the department and a person appointed to sell liquor as a commission merchant rather than as an employee.
(2) "Agency liquor store" means a store operated under an agency franchise agreement in accordance with this code for the purpose of selling liquor at either the posted or the retail price for off-premises consumption.
(3) "Alcohol" means ethyl alcohol, also called ethanol, or the hydrated oxide of ethyl.
(4) "Alcoholic beverage" means a compound produced and sold for human consumption as a drink that contains more than 0.5% of alcohol by volume.
(5) (a) "Beer" means:
(i) a malt beverage containing not more than 8.75% of alcohol by volume; or
(ii) an alcoholic beverage containing not more than 14% alcohol by volume:
(A) that is made by the alcoholic fermentation of an infusion or decoction, or a combination of both, in potable brewing water, of malted cereal grain; and
(B) in which the sugars used for fermentation of the alcoholic beverage are at least 75% derived from malted cereal grain measured as a percentage of the total dry weight of the fermentable ingredients.
(b) The term does not include a caffeinated or stimulant-enhanced malt beverage.
(6) "Beer importer" means a person other than a brewer who imports malt beverages.
(7) "Board member" means an individual serving on the governing board of a corporation, nonprofit corporation, cooperative association, or similar business entity.
(8) "Brewer" means a person who produces malt beverages.
(9) "Business entity" means any organization formed under the laws of this state or another jurisdiction, including but not limited to a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, sole proprietorship, trust, nonprofit corporation, cooperative association, or any other legal entity recognized by law.
(10) "Caffeinated or stimulant-enhanced malt beverage" means:
(a) a beverage:
(i) that is fermented in a manner similar to beer and from which some or all of the fermented alcohol has been removed and replaced with distilled ethyl alcohol;
(ii) that contains at least 0.5% of alcohol by volume;
(iii) that is treated by processing, filtration, or another method of manufacture that is not generally recognized as a traditional process in the production of beer as described in 27 CFR 25.55; and
(iv) to which is added caffeine or other stimulants, including but not limited to guarana, ginseng, and taurine; or
(b) a beverage:
(i) that contains at least 0.5% of alcohol by volume;
(ii) that is treated by processing, filtration, or another method of manufacture that is not generally recognized as a traditional process in the production of beer as described in 27 CFR 25.55;
(iii) to which is added a flavor or other ingredient containing alcohol, except for a hop extract;
(iv) to which is added caffeine or other stimulants, including but not limited to guarana, ginseng, and taurine;
(v) for which the producer is required to file a formula for approval with the United States alcohol and tobacco tax and trade bureau pursuant to 27 CFR 25.55; and
(vi) that is not exempt pursuant to 27 CFR 25.55(f).
(11) "Community" means:
(a) in an incorporated city or town, the area within the incorporated city or town boundaries;
(b) in an unincorporated city or area, the area identified by the federal bureau of the census as a community for census purposes; and
(c) in a consolidated local government, the area of the consolidated local government not otherwise incorporated.
(12) "Concessionaire" means an entity that has a concession agreement with a licensed entity.
(13) "Cooperative association" means an entity organized under Title 35, chapter 15, or equivalent laws of another jurisdiction, operating on a cooperative basis for the mutual benefit of its members.
(14) "Corporation" means an entity organized under Title 35, chapter 14, or any other corporate entity organized under the laws of another jurisdiction and authorized to do business in Montana.
(15) "Curbside pickup" means the sale of alcoholic beverages that meets the requirements of 16-3-312 .
(16) "Department" means the department of revenue, unless otherwise specified, and includes the department of justice with respect to receiving and processing, but not granting or denying, an application under a contract entered into under 16-1-302 .
(17) "Distributor" means a person importing into or purchasing in Montana beer, table wine, or sacramental wine for sale or resale to retailers licensed in Montana and a person importing into or purchasing in Montana table wine for sale or resale to agency liquor stores.
(18) "General partner" means a partner in a partnership who has management authority and personal liability for the obligations of the partnership.
(19) "General partnership" means a partnership formed under Title 35, chapter 10, or a partnership organized under the laws of another jurisdiction.
(20) "Growler" means any fillable, sealable container complying with federal law.
(21) (a) "Guest ranch" means a business or organization that provides guests with overnight lodging, dining, and onsite outdoor recreational activities typical of western ranching for the purposes of vacation or recreation. Recreational activities offered by a guest ranch may include but are not limited to horseback riding, wagon or sleigh rides, shooting, and working with livestock. The property of a guest ranch must be composed of at least 50 contiguous acres. The property must be located entirely outside the license quota area of an incorporated city or an incorporated town as determined under 16-4-105 (1) or 16-4-201 . The premises of a guest ranch may include restaurants, sporting and recreational equipment shops, event venues, arenas, and other facilities that may be used by other persons in addition to the overnight guests.
(b) The term does not include premises used as rehabilitation centers, group homes, clinics, nursing homes, church or other religious campgrounds, or other similar uses.
(22) "Hard cider" means an alcoholic beverage that is made from the alcoholic fermentation of the juices of apples or pears and that contains not less than 0.5% of alcohol by volume and not more than 8.5% of alcohol by volume, including but not limited to flavored, sparkling, or carbonated cider.
(23) "Immediate family" means a spouse, dependent children, or dependent parents.
(24) "Import" means to transfer beer or table wine from outside the state of Montana into the state of Montana.
(25) "Limited liability company" means an entity organized under Title 35, chapter 8, or any other limited liability company organized under the laws of another jurisdiction and authorized to do business in Montana.
(26) "Limited liability partnership" means a partnership registered under Title 35, chapter 10, part 7, or the equivalent laws of another jurisdiction, where partners have limited liability for the partnership's obligations.
(27) "Limited partner" means a partner in a limited partnership whose liability is limited to their investment in the partnership and who does not participate in management.
(28) "Limited partnership" means a partnership formed under Title 35, chapter 12, or the equivalent laws of another jurisdiction, consisting of one or more general partners and one or more limited partners.
(29) "Liquor" means an alcoholic beverage except beer and table wine. The term includes a caffeinated or stimulant-enhanced malt beverage.
(30) "Location manager" means a person who provides general oversight of the alcoholic beverage operations and ensures compliance with alcoholic beverage laws and regulations. A location manager may be an owner of a license, an employee of the licensee, or a business entity that contracts to provide services for the licensee.
(31) "Malt beverage" means:
(a) an alcoholic beverage made by the fermentation of an infusion or decoction, or a combination of both, in potable brewing water, of malted barley with or without hops or their parts or their products and with or without other malted cereals and with or without the addition of unmalted or prepared cereals, other carbohydrates, or products prepared from carbohydrates and with or without other wholesome products suitable for human food consumption; or
(b) an alcoholic beverage made by the fermentation of malt substitutes, including rice, grain of any kind, glucose, sugar, or molasses that has not undergone distillation.
(32) "Managing member" means a member of a limited liability company who is designated to manage the company under its operating agreement or applicable law.
(33) "Member" means an owner of a limited liability company.
(34) "Nonprofit corporation" means a corporation organized under Title 35, chapter 2, or any similar laws of another jurisdiction that does not distribute income to its members, directors, or officers except as permitted by law.
(35) "Officer" means an individual elected or appointed to manage the daily operations of a business entity as provided in its governing documents or applicable law.
(36) (a) "Original package" means the sealed container in which a manufacturer packages its product for retail sale.
(b) The term includes but is not limited to:
(i) bottles;
(ii) cans; and
(iii) kegs.
(37) "Package" means a container or receptacle used for holding an alcoholic beverage.
(38) "Partner" means a person who shares ownership in a partnership, whether in a general partnership, limited partnership, or limited liability partnership.
(39) "Partnership" means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit, including a general partnership, limited partnership, or limited liability partnership.
(40) "Posted price" means the wholesale price of liquor for sale to persons who hold liquor licenses as fixed and determined by the department and in addition an excise and license tax as provided in this code. In the case of sacramental wine sold in agency liquor stores, the wholesale price may not exceed the sum of the department's cost to acquire the sacramental wine, the department's current freight rate to agency liquor stores, and a 20% markup.
(41) "Prepared serving" means a container of alcoholic beverages, filled at the time of sale and sealed with a lid, for consumption at a place other than the licensee's premises.
(42) "Privately held corporation" means a corporation that is not a publicly traded corporation and whose ownership interests are not offered or traded on a public market.
(43) "Proof gallon" means a U.S. gallon of liquor at 60 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale that contains 50% of alcohol by volume.
(44) "Public place" means a place, building, or conveyance to which the public has or may be permitted to have access and any place of public resort.
(45) "Publicly traded corporation" means a corporation whose securities are listed on a national securities exchange or otherwise traded in a public market.
(46) "Retail price" means the price established by an agent for the sale of liquor to persons who do not hold liquor licenses. The retail price may not be less than the department's posted price.
(47) "Rules" means rules adopted by the department or the department of justice pursuant to this code.
(48) "Sacramental wine" means wine that contains more than 0.5% but not more than 24% of alcohol by volume that is manufactured and sold exclusively for use as sacramental wine or for other religious purposes.
(49) "Special event", as it relates to an application for a beer and wine special permit, means a short, infrequent, out-of-the-ordinary occurrence, such as a picnic, fair, reception, or sporting contest.
(50) "State liquor warehouse" means a building owned or under control of the department for the purpose of receiving, storing, transporting, or selling alcoholic beverages to agency liquor stores.
(51) "Storage depot" means a building or structure owned or operated by a brewer at any point in the state of Montana off and away from the premises of a brewery, which building or structure is equipped with refrigeration or cooling apparatus for the storage of beer and from which a brewer may sell or distribute beer as permitted by this code.
(52) "Subwarehouse" means a building or structure owned or operated by a licensed distributor, located at a site in Montana other than the site of the distributor's warehouse, and used for the receiving, storage, and distribution of beer, table wine, or sacramental wine as permitted by this code.
(53) "Table wine" means wine that contains not more than 16% of alcohol by volume and includes hard cider.
(54) "Trust" means a fiduciary relationship in which one person, the trustee, holds legal title to property for the benefit of another person, the beneficiary.
(55) "Trustee" means a person or entity with legal responsibility to manage a trust's assets for the benefit of its beneficiaries.
(56) "Warehouse" means a building or structure located in Montana that is owned or operated by a licensed distributor for the receiving, storage, and distribution of beer, table wine, and sacramental wine as permitted by this code.
(57) "Wine" means an alcoholic beverage made from or containing the normal alcoholic fermentation of the juice of sound, ripe fruit or other agricultural products without addition or abstraction, except as may occur in the usual cellar treatment of clarifying and aging, and that contains more than 0.5% but not more than 24% of alcohol by volume. Wine may be ameliorated to correct natural deficiencies, sweetened, and fortified in accordance with applicable federal regulations and the customs and practices of the industry. Other alcoholic beverages not defined in this subsection but made in the manner of wine and labeled and sold as wine in accordance with federal regulations are also wine.
Ap.p. Sec. 110, Ch. 387, L. 1975; Sec. 4-1-107 , R.C.M. 1947; Ap.p. Sec. 14, Ch. 84, L. 1937; Sec. 4-416, R.C.M. 1947; amd. and redes. 4-2-204 by Sec. 93, Ch. 387, L. 1975; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 496, L. 1977; Sec. 4-2-204 , R.C.M. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 4-1-107 , 4-2-204 (part); amd. Sec. 2, I.M. No. 81, app. Nov. 7, 1978; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 5, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 699, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 519, L. 1981; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 595, L. 1983; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 16, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 19, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 141, L. 1985; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 68, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 8, Ch. 314, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 228, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 414, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 14, Ch. 530, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 86, Ch. 42, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 399, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 110, L. 2003; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 369, L. 2003; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 101, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 197, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 414, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 77, L. 2011; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 115, L. 2013; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 479, L. 2019; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 25, L. 2021; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 194, L. 2021; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 33, L. 2023; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 61, L. 2023; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 138, L. 2023; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 140, L. 2023; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 585, L. 2023; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 519, L. 2025; amd. Sec. 21, Ch. 637, L. 2025.