California § 422.4. 422.4. (Added by Stats. 2008, Ch. 492, Sec. 3.)

California Statutes

§ 422.4. — 422.4. (Added by Stats. 2008, Ch. 492, Sec. 3.)

California § 422.4.

Code PENPenal Code - PEN

Title11.5.

Part 1.TITLE 11.5. CRIMINAL THREATS

This text of California § 422.4. (422.4. (Added by Stats. 2008, Ch. 492, Sec. 3.)) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering California primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

Cal. Penal Code - PEN Code § 422.4. (2026).

Text

(a)Any person who publishes information describing or depicting an academic researcher or his or her immediate family member, or the location or locations where an academic researcher or an immediate family member of an academic researcher may be found, with the intent that another person imminently use the information to commit a crime involving violence or a threat of violence against an academic researcher or his or her immediate family member, and the information is likely to produce the imminent commission of such a crime, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both a fine and imprisonment.

(b)For the purposes of this section, all of the following apply:

(1)“Pub

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(a)
Any person who publishes information describing or depicting an academic researcher or his or her immediate family member, or the location or locations where an academic researcher or an immediate family member of an academic researcher may be found, with the intent that another person imminently use the information to commit a crime involving violence or a threat of violence against an academic researcher or his or her immediate family member, and the information is likely to produce the imminent commission of such a crime, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both a fine and imprisonment.
(b)
For the purposes of this section, all of the following apply:
(1)
“Publishes” means making the information available to another person through any medium, including, but not limited to, the Internet, the World Wide Web, or e-mail.
(2)
“Academic researcher” has the same meaning as in Section 602.12.
(3)
“Immediate family” means any spouse, whether by marriage or not, domestic partner, parent, child, any person related by consanguinity or affinity within the second degree, or any other person who regularly resides in the household, or who, within the prior six months, regularly resided in the household.
(4)
“Information” includes, but is not limited to, an image, film, filmstrip, photograph, negative, slide, photocopy, videotape, video laser disc, or any other computer-generated image.
(c)
Any academic researcher about whom information is published in violation of subdivision (a) may seek a preliminary injunction enjoining any further publication of that information. This subdivision shall not apply to a person or entity protected pursuant to Section 1070 of the Evidence Code.
(d)
This section shall not apply to any person who is lawfully engaged in labor union activities that are protected under state or federal law.
(e)
This section shall not preclude prosecution under any other provision of law.