California Statutes
§ 45. — 45. (Enacted 1872.)
California § 45.
JurisdictionCalifornia
Code CIVCivil Code - CIV
Div. 1.DIVISION 1. PERSONS
Part 2.PART 2. PERSONAL RIGHTS
This text of California § 45. (45. (Enacted 1872.)) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering California primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.
Bluebook
Cal. Civil Code - CIV Code § 45. (2026).
Text
Libel is a false and unprivileged publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye, which exposes any person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes him to be shunned or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure him in his occupation.
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Legislative History
Enacted 1872.
Nearby Sections
14
§ 45.
45. (Enacted 1872.)Cite This Page — Counsel Stack
Bluebook (online)
California § 45., Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/statute/ca/CIV/45..