United States v. McLemore

9 M.J. 695, 1980 CMR LEXIS 586
CourtU.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review
DecidedMay 22, 1980
DocketNCM 79 1312
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 9 M.J. 695 (United States v. McLemore) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. McLemore, 9 M.J. 695, 1980 CMR LEXIS 586 (usnmcmilrev 1980).

Opinions

EN BANC

GLADIS, Judge:

The accused was convicted pursuant to his pleas at a special court-martial bench trial of an unauthorized absence of 4 months, in violation of Article 86, Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), 10 USC § 886, and sentenced to a bad-conduct discharge, confinement at hard labor for 2 months, and forfeiture of $100.00 per month for 2 months. Giving the accused administrative credit for pretrial restriction which had been ruled illegal by the trial judge, the convening authority reduced the confinement to 52 days, and otherwise approved the sentence. The officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction approved the sentence approved by the convening authority, but prematurely ordered it executed in violation of Article 71(c), UCMJ, 10 USC § 871(c).

The accused contends that evidence of a prior nonjudicial punishment was erroneously admitted during presentencing proceedings without a showing of compliance with the requirements of United States v. Booker, 5 M.J. 238 (C.M.A.1977). This Court, en banc, ordered supplemental briefs and oral argument inviting counsel to address, among other issues, the effect of [696]*696United States v. Syro, 7 M.J. 431 (C.M.A. 1979), on the Booker requirements for the admissibility of disciplinary proceedings. Having considered the record, briefs, and contentions of the parties advanced in oral argument, we reject the accused’s claim, finding that the evidence in question satisfied the Booker standards for admissibility as explicated by Syro.

During presentencing proceedings, the Government introduced a page 7 (NAVPERS 1070/607) from the service record of the accused showing a prior nonjudicial punishment and a page 13 containing advice concerning his right to consult with an attorney that the accused had reeéived in connection with that punishment. The military judge correctly overruled defense counsel’s objection that the page 7 was improperly prepared and, therefore, was not admissible as an official records exception to the hearsay rule. The document was prepared in substantial compliance with applicable regulations.

The page 13 contained the following entry initialed and signed by the accused: ADVISE [sic] OF RIGHT TO CONSULT WITH AN ATTORNEY PRIOR TO NONJUDICIAL PUNISHMENT:

I understand that because my choice of whether to accept nonjudicial punishment or demand trial by court-martial is an important choice, I have the right to a lawyer before making that choice.
I understand that I have the right to consult with a civilian lawyer at my own expense or with a military lawyer provided for me at no expense.
I (DO) (DO NOT) want to consult with a lawyer.

The issue is whether the evidence of nonjudicial punishment satisfied the requirements for admissibility promulgated in United States v. Booker, supra.

Article 15, UCMJ, 10 USC § 815, which establishes nonjudicial punishment as an administrative method of dealing with minor offenses, provides that, except in the case of a service member attached to or embarked in a vessel, such punishment may not be imposed upon a service member who has demanded trial by court-martial in lieu of non judicial punishment. Article 20, UCMJ, 10 USC § 820, provides that no person may be brought to trial before a summary court-martial if he objects.

Paragraph 75b, Manual for Courts-Martial, 1969 (Rev.) (MCM), authorizes, subject to certain limitations, the introduction of evidence, prior to sentencing, of previous convictions by court-martial. Paragraph 75 d authorizes, under regulations of the Secretary concerned, introduction, prior to sentencing, of personnel records maintained in accordance with departmental regulations which reflect the past conduct and performance of the accused. In United States v. Johnson, 19 U.S.C.M.A. 464, 42 C.M.R. 66 (1970), the Court of Military Appeals approved the use, pursuant to this provision by a court-martial deliberating on an appropriate sentence, of records of nonjudicial punishment imposed under Article 15, UCMJ, 10 USC § 815.

In United States v. Alderman, 22 U.S.C.M.A. 298, 46 C.M.R. 298 (1973), the Court of Military Appeals held, in effect, that the rule in Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25, 92 S.Ct. 2006, 32 L.Ed.2d 530 (1972), that, absent a knowing and intelligent waiver, no person may be imprisoned for any offense unless he was represented by counsel at trial, applied to summary court-martial, and, consequently, previous convictions by summary court-martial were inadmissible at subsequent trials when they had been obtained at proceedings at which the accused was improperly denied counsel.

In Middendorf v. Henry, 425 U.S. 25, 96 S.Ct. 1281, 47 L.Ed.2d 556 (1976), rejecting the conclusions in Alderman, the Supreme Court held that the Congressional determination that counsel is not required in summary courts-martial violates neither the Sixth nor the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, because a summary court-martial is not a criminal prosecution for purposes of the Sixth Amendment and, upon analysis of the interests of the individual and of the regime to which he is subject, because the due process of law guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment does [697]*697not embody a right to counsel at such a proceeding.

In Booker, the Court of Military Appeals held that, because the consequences of a decision to accept an Article 15 or a summary court-martial disciplinary action involve due process considerations (that is, waiver of a right to a full adversary criminal proceeding with its attendant Fifth and Sixth Amendment protections) and only a legally trained person can supply the requisite quantum of information necessary for informed decision, an individual must be told of his right to confer with counsel before he opts for disposition at the Article 15 or summary court-martial level. Absent compliance with this proviso, evidence of imposition of discipline under either Article 15 or 20, 10 U.S.C. § 820 is inadmissible in any subsequent trial by court-martial. A waiver of the statutory right under Articles 15 and 20,10 U.S.C. § 820 for removal to trial must, the Court said, be in writing and must establish a voluntary, knowing and intelligent decision to forego removal to a criminal proceeding done with sufficient awareness of the relevant circumstances to satisfy the standards set forth in Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 465, 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023, 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938), and Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 748, 90 S.Ct. 1463, 25 L.Ed.2d 747 (1970). In United States v. Mathews, 6 M.J. 357 (C.M.A.1979), the Court quoted the language from Booker

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Related

United States v. Lee
14 M.J. 983 (U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review, 1982)
United States v. McLemore
10 M.J. 238 (United States Court of Military Appeals, 1981)
United States v. Kuehl
9 M.J. 850 (U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review, 1980)

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9 M.J. 695, 1980 CMR LEXIS 586, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-mclemore-usnmcmilrev-1980.