Trump Taj Mahal Associates v. Hotel Services, Inc.

183 F.R.D. 173, 1998 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17690, 1998 WL 789826
CourtDistrict Court, D. New Jersey
DecidedNovember 9, 1998
DocketNo. CIV. 96-3468 JHR
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 183 F.R.D. 173 (Trump Taj Mahal Associates v. Hotel Services, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. New Jersey primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Trump Taj Mahal Associates v. Hotel Services, Inc., 183 F.R.D. 173, 1998 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17690, 1998 WL 789826 (D.N.J. 1998).

Opinion

OPINION

KUGLER, United States Magistrate Judge.

Presently before the Court is the motion by Brian C. Darreff, Esquire, attorney for Defendant Roboserve (Canada) Ltd. (“Robo-serve”), for an order quashing service of process on the grounds of Plaintiffs failure to comply with the procedures set forth in the Hague Convention. For the reasons discussed below, Defendant’s motion is DENIED.

Background

On July 13, 1998 Plaintiff Trump Taj Ma-hal Associates (the “Taj”) filed an amended [175]*175complaint naming as defendants Roboserve, Hotel Services, Ltd., fik/a Robobar, Ltd. and Citylink Group, Ltd. See Exhibit B to Affidavit of Roña Z, Kaplan, Esquire, in Opposition to Defendant Roboserve (Canada) Ltd.’s Motion to Quash Service and in Support of Plaintiffs Cross Motion for Sanctions (“Kap-lan Aff.”).1 Because this motion only challenges service on Roboserve, the discussion will be limited to that Defendant.

The Taj attempted service on Roboserve in several different ways in two different countries. First, Plaintiff mailed the summons, amended complaint and United States Marshall’s Form 94, Request for Service Abroad of Judicial or Extra Judicial Documents (“USM-94”) to Roboserve via international certified mail. See Kaplan Aff., Exhs. C and D. Second, the Taj sent the summons, amended complaint and USM-94 to the Central Authorities of Canada and the United Kingdom pursuant to Articles 1-6 of the Hague Convention On The Service Abroad Of Judicial And Extrajudicial Documents In Civil Or Commercial Matters, 15 November 1965, 20 U.S.T. 361-73 (the “Hague Convention”). Finally, the Taj caused the summons, amended complaint and USM-94 to be personally served on William Fattal, an officer of Roboserve identified in Roboserve’s answers to interrogatories in a related action. See Kaplan Aff., Exhs. E, I and K.

Roboserve is a Canadian Corporation with its principal place of business in Ontario, Canada. See Roboserve’s Brief in Support of Motion to Quash Service at 2 (“Roboserve Brief’); Kaplan Aff., Exh. E. Roboserve argues that because both Canada and the United States are signatory countries to the Hague Convention, Plaintiff must comply with the treaty’s procedures to execute valid service. See Roboserve Brief at 2.

Roboserve argues that Plaintiffs service on it was invalid for two reasons. First, Plaintiff failed to send process to the appropriate authority in Canada designated by Canada as the “Central Authority” under the Hague Convention. See Roboserve Brief at 3. Second, Roboserve claims that Article 10(a) of the Hague Convention, which provides for “send[ingj” judicial documents by mail, does not allow “service” by mail. See id. Defendant argues, without citation to any authority, that “[t]he majority line of cases have consistently held that paragraph [sic] 10(a) provides only for the service of subsequent papers after service of process has been effectuated by proper means.” See id. at 4-5 (emphasis supplied). In essence, Defendant is arguing that service of process must be accomplished through official channels as set forth in Articles 1-9 of the Hague Convention, and that only subsequent litigation papers, such as motions and discovery requests, may be sent through the mail pursuant to Article 10(a).

I find Defendant’s argument unpersuasive and hold that while there is a split in authority among the circuit courts of appeal, and indeed a split among the district courts within this circuit, service of process on a Canadian corporation is valid under the Hague Convention when executed by certified international mail.

Discussion

Service of process is governed by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Rule provides, in pertinent part:

(h) Service Upon Corporations and Associations.
Unless otherwise provided by federal law, service upon a domestic or foreign corporation or upon a partnership or other unincorporated association that is subject to suit under a common name, and from which a waiver of service has not been obtained and filed, shall be effected: ... in a place not within any judicial district of the United States in any manner prescribed for individuals by subdivision (f) [176]*176except personal delivery as provided in paragraph (2)(C)(i) thereof.

Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(h)(2).

* * * *
(f) Service Upon Individuals in a Foreign Country.
Unless otherwise provided by federal law, service upon an individual ... may be effected in a place not within any judicial district of the United States: (1) by any internationally agreed means reasonably calculated to give notice, such as those means authorized by the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents.

Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(f)(1).

Accordingly, service abroad on a foreign corporation is governed by the terms of the Hague Convention. See Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft v. Schlunk, 486 U.S. 694, 696-700, 108 S.Ct. 2104, 100 L.Ed.2d 722 (1988); DeJames v. Magnificence Carriers, Inc., 654 F.2d 280, 287 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1085, 102 S.Ct. 642, 70 L.Ed.2d 620 (1981); Lilly v. Roussel Corp., 23 F.Supp.2d 460, 469-70 (D.N.J.1998). “As a ratified treaty, the Convention is of course the ‘supreme law of the land.’” Ackermann v. Levine, 788 F.2d 830, 838 (2d Cir.1986) (quoting U.S. Const. Art. VI, cl. 2). Accord DeJames, 654 F.2d at 288-89.

Article 1 of the Hague Convention states that it applies “in all cases, in civil or commercial matters, where there is occasion to transmit a judicial or extrajudicial document for service abroad.” 20 U.S.T. 362. The Convention itself states its purpose as “[djesiring to create appropriate means to ensure that judicial and extrajudicial documents to be served abroad shall be brought to the notice of the. addressee in sufficient time, [and] to improve the organization of mutual judicial assistance for that purpose by simplifying and expediting the procedure.” Id.

The Hague Convention provides for three different methods of service abroad. Article 5 permits service through a member state’s Central Authority organized pursuant to Article 2. See Volkswagenwerk, 486 U.S. at 699, 108 S.Ct. 2104; see also 1 B. Ristau, International Judicial Assistance, Civil and Commercial, § 4-3-1 (International Law Institute 1995) (“Article 5 contains the heart of the Convention, and spells out the obligation of the state addressed to execute foreign service requests.”).

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183 F.R.D. 173, 1998 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17690, 1998 WL 789826, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/trump-taj-mahal-associates-v-hotel-services-inc-njd-1998.