MILLER, Justice:
This case arises out of a labor dispute between members of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA)1 and two coal companies, the Sprouse Creek Processing Company and the Rocky Hollow Coal Company. These coal companies filed an action below seeking to enjoin the striking UMWA members from picketing and doing other activities near their places of business. The UMWA counterclaimed that the coal companies were violating W.Va.Code, 61-6-11,2 by hiring nonresident security guards from Southeastern Investigation and Security, Inc. Southeastern is a nonresident corporation licensed by the West Virginia Secretary of State to furnish security guards, pursuant to W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, which regulates the licensing of resident and nonresident private detectives, investigators, and guards.
The Circuit Court of Mingo County held that W.Va.Code, 61-6-11, had been implicitly repealed by W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, and therefore refused to grant an injunction to the UMWA. On appeal, we have before us only the briefs filed by the parties and no record because we are presented with the narrow legal issue of whether by passing W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, the legislature intended to implicitly repeal W.Va.Code, 61-6-11. We conclude that the legislature exhibited no such intention and reverse the decision of the circuit court.
It is well established in this jurisdiction that:
“Repeal of a statute by implication is not favored in law.” Syllabus Point 1, State ex rel. City of Wheeling v. Renick, 145 W.Va. 640, 116 S.E.2d 763 (1960).
See also Woodring v. Whyte, 161 W.Va. 262, 242 S.E.2d 238 (1978); Brown v. Civil Service Comm’n, 155 W.Va. 657, 186 S.E.2d 840 (1972); Zigmond v. Civil Service Comm’n, 155 W.Va. 641, 186 S.E.2d 696 (1972); Smith v. Siders, 155 W.Va. 193, 183 S.E.2d 433 (1971); Syllabus Point 6, State ex rel. Warder v. Gainer, 153 W.Va. 35, 167 S.E.2d 290 (1969); Roderick v. Hough, 146 W.Va. 741, 124 S.E.2d 703 (1961); State ex rel. Graney v. Sims, 144 W.Va. 72, 105 S.E.2d 886 (1958); State ex rel. Thompson v. Morton, 140 W.Va. 207, 84 S.E.2d 791 (1954); Syllabus Point 5, Harbert v. County Court, 129 W.Va. 54, 39 S.E.2d 177 (1946); United States Coal & Coke Co. v. Turk, 127 W.Va. 368, 33 S.E.2d 463 (1944); Belknap v. Shock, 125 W.Va. 385, 24 S.E.2d 457 (1943); Vinson v. County Court, 94 W.Va. 591, 119 S.E. 808 (1923); State v. Snyder, 89 W.Va. 96, 108 S.E. 588 (1921); Beck v. Cox, 77 W.Va. 442, 87 S.E. 492 (1915); Syllabus Point 1, Kim-ball v. Loughney, 70 W.Va. 765, 74 S.E. 953 (1912); Clemans v. Board of Education, 68 W.Va. 298, 69 S.E. 808 (1910).
In resolving the question of whether one statute has by implication repealed another statute, we have applied the following rule, stated in Syllabus Point 1 of [373]*373Brown v. Civil Service Comm’n, 155 W.Va. 657, 186 S.E.2d 840 (1972):
“ ‘A general statute, which does not use express terms or employ words which manifest a plain intention so to do, will not repeal a former statute dealing with a particular subject, and the two statutes will operate together unless the conflict between them is so real and irreconcilable as to indicate a clear legislative purpose to repeal the former statute.’ Point 6, syllabus, Harbert v. The County Court of Harrison County, 129 W.Va. 54 [39 S.E.2d 177 (1946) ].”
See also Woodring v. Whyte, 161 W.Va. at 268-69, 242 S.E.2d at 242; Syllabus Point 1, Zigmond v. Civil Service Comm’n, supra; Smith v. Siders, 155 W.Va. at 200-01, 183 S.E.2d at 437; Roderick v. Hough, 146 W.Va. at 745, 124 S.E.2d at 706; Syllabus Point 2, State ex rel. City of Wheeling v. Renick, supra; 1A Sutherland Statutory Construction § 23.09 (4th ed. 1972).
The legislature did not expressly state in W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, that one of its purposes for providing a licensing procedure for resident and nonresident private detectives, investigators, and guards was to repeal W.Va.Code, 61-6-11. Therefore, we must examine the statutes in question to determine if they are irreconcilably in conflict, which would indicate implicitly an intent on the part of the legislature to repeal W.Va.Code, 61-6-11.
W.Va.Code, 61-6-11, was first enacted in 1893 and was amended in 1923.3 It is apparent that this Code section is basically a criminal statute designed to preclude out-of-state residents from being employed in this State to “perform any police duty of any sort therein, or in any way to aid or assist in the execution of the laws of this State.”
Penalties are provided for the violation of the statute ranging from a fine of not less than five hundred nor more than five thousand dollars and imprisonment may be imposed not to exceed twelve months. Violators of the statute are deemed to be rioters, who may all be charged with murder if any person is killed while the rioters are engaged in prohibited activity.
When we turn to W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, enacted in 1959, we see that it is contained in our licensing chapter and the original title to the enactment, 1959 W.Va. Acts ch. 130, states: “AN ACT to amend chapter thirty of the code of West Virginia, one thousand nine hundred thirty-one, as amended, by adding thereto a new article, designated article eighteen, relating to licensing of private detectives and inves[374]*374tigators and prescribing penalties in connection therewith.” The regulatory and licensing nature of this statute are apparent from its contents. W.Va.Code, 30-18-1, sets out the license requirements for persons, firms, and corporations engaging in the “business of private detective or investigator or the business of watch, guard or patrol agency.”4
W.Va.Code, 30-18-2, explains what information must be disclosed in the license application. License fees and bonding requirements are contained in W.Va.Code, 30-18-3, which states, in part, that an “applicant for a license hereunder shall pay to the secretary [of state] a license fee of fifty dollars, if the applicant be an individual, or one hundred dollars, if the applicant be a firm, partnership or corporation, or five hundred dollars, if a nonresident of West Virginia or a foreign corporation.” (Emphasis added). The coal companies in this case contend that it is this latter provision that creates the statutory conflict.5
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MILLER, Justice:
This case arises out of a labor dispute between members of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA)1 and two coal companies, the Sprouse Creek Processing Company and the Rocky Hollow Coal Company. These coal companies filed an action below seeking to enjoin the striking UMWA members from picketing and doing other activities near their places of business. The UMWA counterclaimed that the coal companies were violating W.Va.Code, 61-6-11,2 by hiring nonresident security guards from Southeastern Investigation and Security, Inc. Southeastern is a nonresident corporation licensed by the West Virginia Secretary of State to furnish security guards, pursuant to W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, which regulates the licensing of resident and nonresident private detectives, investigators, and guards.
The Circuit Court of Mingo County held that W.Va.Code, 61-6-11, had been implicitly repealed by W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, and therefore refused to grant an injunction to the UMWA. On appeal, we have before us only the briefs filed by the parties and no record because we are presented with the narrow legal issue of whether by passing W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, the legislature intended to implicitly repeal W.Va.Code, 61-6-11. We conclude that the legislature exhibited no such intention and reverse the decision of the circuit court.
It is well established in this jurisdiction that:
“Repeal of a statute by implication is not favored in law.” Syllabus Point 1, State ex rel. City of Wheeling v. Renick, 145 W.Va. 640, 116 S.E.2d 763 (1960).
See also Woodring v. Whyte, 161 W.Va. 262, 242 S.E.2d 238 (1978); Brown v. Civil Service Comm’n, 155 W.Va. 657, 186 S.E.2d 840 (1972); Zigmond v. Civil Service Comm’n, 155 W.Va. 641, 186 S.E.2d 696 (1972); Smith v. Siders, 155 W.Va. 193, 183 S.E.2d 433 (1971); Syllabus Point 6, State ex rel. Warder v. Gainer, 153 W.Va. 35, 167 S.E.2d 290 (1969); Roderick v. Hough, 146 W.Va. 741, 124 S.E.2d 703 (1961); State ex rel. Graney v. Sims, 144 W.Va. 72, 105 S.E.2d 886 (1958); State ex rel. Thompson v. Morton, 140 W.Va. 207, 84 S.E.2d 791 (1954); Syllabus Point 5, Harbert v. County Court, 129 W.Va. 54, 39 S.E.2d 177 (1946); United States Coal & Coke Co. v. Turk, 127 W.Va. 368, 33 S.E.2d 463 (1944); Belknap v. Shock, 125 W.Va. 385, 24 S.E.2d 457 (1943); Vinson v. County Court, 94 W.Va. 591, 119 S.E. 808 (1923); State v. Snyder, 89 W.Va. 96, 108 S.E. 588 (1921); Beck v. Cox, 77 W.Va. 442, 87 S.E. 492 (1915); Syllabus Point 1, Kim-ball v. Loughney, 70 W.Va. 765, 74 S.E. 953 (1912); Clemans v. Board of Education, 68 W.Va. 298, 69 S.E. 808 (1910).
In resolving the question of whether one statute has by implication repealed another statute, we have applied the following rule, stated in Syllabus Point 1 of [373]*373Brown v. Civil Service Comm’n, 155 W.Va. 657, 186 S.E.2d 840 (1972):
“ ‘A general statute, which does not use express terms or employ words which manifest a plain intention so to do, will not repeal a former statute dealing with a particular subject, and the two statutes will operate together unless the conflict between them is so real and irreconcilable as to indicate a clear legislative purpose to repeal the former statute.’ Point 6, syllabus, Harbert v. The County Court of Harrison County, 129 W.Va. 54 [39 S.E.2d 177 (1946) ].”
See also Woodring v. Whyte, 161 W.Va. at 268-69, 242 S.E.2d at 242; Syllabus Point 1, Zigmond v. Civil Service Comm’n, supra; Smith v. Siders, 155 W.Va. at 200-01, 183 S.E.2d at 437; Roderick v. Hough, 146 W.Va. at 745, 124 S.E.2d at 706; Syllabus Point 2, State ex rel. City of Wheeling v. Renick, supra; 1A Sutherland Statutory Construction § 23.09 (4th ed. 1972).
The legislature did not expressly state in W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, that one of its purposes for providing a licensing procedure for resident and nonresident private detectives, investigators, and guards was to repeal W.Va.Code, 61-6-11. Therefore, we must examine the statutes in question to determine if they are irreconcilably in conflict, which would indicate implicitly an intent on the part of the legislature to repeal W.Va.Code, 61-6-11.
W.Va.Code, 61-6-11, was first enacted in 1893 and was amended in 1923.3 It is apparent that this Code section is basically a criminal statute designed to preclude out-of-state residents from being employed in this State to “perform any police duty of any sort therein, or in any way to aid or assist in the execution of the laws of this State.”
Penalties are provided for the violation of the statute ranging from a fine of not less than five hundred nor more than five thousand dollars and imprisonment may be imposed not to exceed twelve months. Violators of the statute are deemed to be rioters, who may all be charged with murder if any person is killed while the rioters are engaged in prohibited activity.
When we turn to W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, enacted in 1959, we see that it is contained in our licensing chapter and the original title to the enactment, 1959 W.Va. Acts ch. 130, states: “AN ACT to amend chapter thirty of the code of West Virginia, one thousand nine hundred thirty-one, as amended, by adding thereto a new article, designated article eighteen, relating to licensing of private detectives and inves[374]*374tigators and prescribing penalties in connection therewith.” The regulatory and licensing nature of this statute are apparent from its contents. W.Va.Code, 30-18-1, sets out the license requirements for persons, firms, and corporations engaging in the “business of private detective or investigator or the business of watch, guard or patrol agency.”4
W.Va.Code, 30-18-2, explains what information must be disclosed in the license application. License fees and bonding requirements are contained in W.Va.Code, 30-18-3, which states, in part, that an “applicant for a license hereunder shall pay to the secretary [of state] a license fee of fifty dollars, if the applicant be an individual, or one hundred dollars, if the applicant be a firm, partnership or corporation, or five hundred dollars, if a nonresident of West Virginia or a foreign corporation.” (Emphasis added). The coal companies in this case contend that it is this latter provision that creates the statutory conflict.5 Undoubtedly, this licensing statute allows nonresidents to be licensed to work as guards or watchmen to protect persons or property. However, the fact that our licensing statute permits nonresidents to obtain a license to perform private detective, investigation or guard services in this State does not form any irreconcilable conflict with W.Va.Code, 61-6-11.
Under W.Va.Code, 30-18-6, there is an express exemption from the licensing requirement for “any law-enforcement officer of the State, or any county, city, town or village thereof, while engaged in the performance of his official duties.” It is apparent that the intent of this exemption is to exclude persons who are properly empowered to perform police duties from the licensing provisions. This exemption is compatible with the provisions of W.Va. Code, 61-6-11, which is designed to preclude nonresidents from performing police duties.
As we have previously noted, W.Va. Code, 61-6-11, prohibits nonresidents from engaging in “police duty” and from aiding or assisting in any way “in the execution of the laws of this State.” W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, allows for the licensing of nonresidents to perform the specified activities. It does not deal with the performance of police duties or the aiding in the execution of the laws of this State, which is the main focus of W.Va.Code, 61-6-11. Consequently, we find that the legislature when it enacted the licensing statute for private detectives, investigators, and guards, W.Va.Code, 30-18-1 through -8, did not intend to implicitly repeal W.Va. Code, 61-6-11.
Although the coal companies raise a privileges and immunities argument under Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution,6 we decline to address the issue for several reasons. First and foremost, the issue was not presented and, therefore, not passed upon by the circuit court. This ordinarily forecloses our review of the issue as stated in Syllabus Point 2 of Duquesne Light Co. v. State Tax Dept., 174 W.Va. 506, 327 S.E.2d 683 (1984): “ ‘This Court will not pass on a nonjurisdictional question which has not been decided by the trial court in the first instance.’ Syllabus Point 2, Sands v. Se[375]*375curity Trust Co., 143 W.Va. 522, 102 S.E.2d 733 (1958).” See also West Virginia Dept. of Highways v. Delta Concrete Co., 165 W.Va. 398, 268 S.E.2d 124 (1980); Dixon v. American Indus. Leasing Co., 157 W.Va. 735, 205 S.E.2d 4 (1974); Syllabus Point 1, Pettry v. Chesapeake & O. Ry. Co., 148 W.Va. 443, 135 S.E.2d 729 (1964).
Paralleling this problem is the lack of a developed factual record which would enable us to make a fully reasoned decision with regard to the Privileges and Immunities Clause question.7 In United Building & Constr. Trades Council v. Mayor of Camden, 465 U.S. 208, 223-224, 104 S.Ct. 1020, 1030, 79 L.Ed.2d 249, 262 (1984), the United States Supreme Court declined to make an ultimate resolution of the privileges and immunities question because of the lack of a developed factual record.
We therefore remand this case to the Circuit Court of Mingo County for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Reversed and Remanded.