Duquesne Light Co. v. State Tax Dept.

327 S.E.2d 683, 174 W. Va. 506
CourtWest Virginia Supreme Court
DecidedDecember 3, 1984
Docket16067
StatusPublished
Cited by55 cases

This text of 327 S.E.2d 683 (Duquesne Light Co. v. State Tax Dept.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering West Virginia Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Duquesne Light Co. v. State Tax Dept., 327 S.E.2d 683, 174 W. Va. 506 (W. Va. 1984).

Opinions

MILLER, Justice:

The State Tax Commissioner appeals a decision of the Circuit Court of Kanawha County which struck down our business and occupation tax on the generation of electric power, W.Va.Code, ll-lS-^m.1 The court below held that this case was controlled by Arizona Public Serv. Co. v. Snead, 441 U.S. 141, 99 S.Ct. 1629, 60 L.Ed.2d 106 (1979), in which the United States Supreme Court struck down a New Mexico utility tax because it violated Section 2121(a) of the Tax Reform Act of 1976, 15 U.S.C. § 391 (1976). We disagree and reverse.

I.

Before addressing the particular facts and issues raised in this case, it is important to understand the Snead case. The United States Supreme Court in Snead decided the case based upon 15 U.S.C. § 391,2 which had been enacted because of a discriminatory tax adopted by the State of New Mexico. The purpose of 15 U.S.C. § 391 was set out in the Senate Finance Committee Report, which the United States Supreme Court quoted:

“ ‘The committee has learned that one State places a discriminatory tax upon the production of electricity within its boundaries for consumption outside its boundaries. While the rate of the tax itself is identical for electricity that is ultimately consumed outside the State and electricity which is consumed inside the State, discrimination results because the State allows the amount of the tax to be credited against its gross receipts tax if the electricity is consumed within its boundaries.’ ” 441 U.S. at 147, 99 S.Ct. at 1632-33, 60 L.Ed.2d at 111.

As the United States Supreme Court noted, the name of the state was not disclosed in the Committee Report, but during the floor debate, “Senators Domenici and Montoya of New Mexico, Senators Fannin and Goldwater of Arizona and Senator Cran-ston of California made it clear that the provision was aimed directly at New Mexico’s electrical energy tax.” 441 U.S. at 147, 99 S.Ct. at 1633, 60 L.Ed.2d at 112. Thus, the Supreme Court had before it a legislative enactment directed at a state statute that Congress had declared to be discriminatory.

A critical part of the Court’s opinion was its determination that it would not adopt the Commerce Clause test for determining whether the state tax was discriminatory under 15 U.S.C. § 391. New Mexico urged this test since it “requires examination of New Mexico’s total tax structure to deter[508]*508mine whether the State in fact imposes a greater tax burden on electricity sent out of state. See Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Reily, 373 US 64, 69 [83 S.Ct. 1201, 1203, 10 L.Ed.2d 202, 206 (1963)]” 441 U.S. at 149, 99 S.Ct. at 1633-34, 60 L.Ed.2d at 113. New Mexico’s central argument was that if the Court would examine the state’s entire utility tax, it would be clear that the tax on utilities shipping energy out of state was not discriminatory.3 However, the Court declined to look at the entire tax structure stating:

“To look narrowly to the type of tax the federal statute names, rather than to consider the entire tax structure of the State, is to be faithful not only to the language of that statute but also to the expressed intent of Congress in enacting it. Because the electrical energy tax itself indirectly but necessarily discriminates against electricity sold outside New Mexico, it violates the federal statute.” 441 U.S. at 149-50, 99 S.Ct. at 1634, 60 L.Ed.2d at 113. (Emphasis in original; footnote omitted).

We observe that New Mexico’s Electrical Energy Tax was enacted as a single tax enactment and not as part of a tax plan that affected related areas. Also of some importance is note 7 in Snead, 441 U.S. at 150, 99 S.Ct. at 1634, 60 L.Ed.2d at 113, where the Court stated:

“The amici in this case have pointed to several similar state taxes on the generation of electricity. Pa.Stat.Ann., Tit. 72, § 8101 (Purdon Supp. 1978-1979); Wash. Rev.Code §§ 82.16.020, 82.16.050 (1976); W.Va.Code §§ ll-13-2d, ll-13-2m (Supp.1978). None of these States, however, has adopted precisely the scheme used by New Mexico, and we express no opinion as to the validity of these or any other state tax laws.”

With these salient points from Snead in mind, we proceed to discuss our tax.

II.

W.Va.Code, 11-13-2m, was enacted in 1978 as a part of a larger plan to reorganize the business and occupation tax on utilities.4 Prior to 1978, electric utilities generating or selling electricity in this State were taxed under W.Va.Code, 11-13-2d, at the rate of 5.72 percent based on sales and demand charges for domestic purposes and 4.29 percent on sales and demand charges for all other purposes.5 Electric utilities generating electricity in this State but transmitting it out of state were taxed under the general manufacturing tax rate under W.Va.Code, 11-13-2b, which was 0.88 percent. See Virginia Elec, and Power Co. v. Haden, 157 W.Va. 298, 200 S.E.2d 848 (1973), cert. denied, 416. U.S. 916, 94 S.Ct. 1624, 40 L.Ed.2d 118 (1974).

As applicable to this case, the material changes made by the 1978 amendments to W.Va.Code, 11-13-1, et seq., were as follows. The taxation on manufacturing of electricity was removed from W.Va.Code, ll-13-2b, and placed in a new section, W.Va.Code, ll-13-2m. This section provides that the tax rate would be 4 percent, subject to a provision that the rate would be 2.46 percent on electricity sold to a customer engaged in manufacturing if the contract demand exceeded 200,000 kilowatts per hour per year, or if the usage exceeded 200,000 kilowatts per hour in a year.6

[509]*509The 1978 amendments also altered W.Va. Code, ll-13-2d, to provide that electric utilities generating electricity for sale in this State would be taxed at a 4 percent rate, and those which do not generate electricity but supply it are to be taxed at a 3 percent rate. A proviso similar to the one in Section 2m was placed in this section to provide for a reduced rate of 2.46 percent if a manufacturing customer’s contract demand exceeded 200,000 kilowatts per hour per year or if the usage exceeded 200,000 kilowatts per hour per year.7

It is quite clear that the 1978 amendments harmonized the tax rate between the generation and sale in this State of electric power and the generation of electric power in this State for transmission out of state. It is true that there is some difference in language between Sections 2d and 2m with regard to measuring the value of the product, i.e., electric power.8 However, W.Va. Code, 11-13-2, was also amended in 1978 to bring equality to the measurement of the value between Sections 2d and 2m taxes:

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Bluebook (online)
327 S.E.2d 683, 174 W. Va. 506, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/duquesne-light-co-v-state-tax-dept-wva-1984.