IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE AT NASHVILLE FEBRUARY SESSION, 1999 FILED March 17, 1999
Cecil W. Crowson TOM HARRIS, ) Appellate Court Clerk ) No. 01C01-9709-CR-00423 Appellant ) ) DAVIDSON COUNTY vs. ) ) Hon. J. Randall Wyatt, Jr., Judge STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) ) (Post-Conviction) Appellee )
For the Appellant: For the Appellee:
Thomas F. Bloom John Knox Walkup Attorney at Law Attorney General and Reporter 500 Church Street, 5th Fl Nashville, TN 37219 Kim R. Helper Assistant Attorney General (ON APPEAL) Criminal Justice Division 425 Fifth Avenue North 2d Floor, Cordell Hull Building William C. Roberts, Jr. Nashville, TN 37243-0493 Attorney at Law Suite 2121, Parkway Towers Nashville, TN 37219 Victor S. (Torry) Johnson III (AT TRIAL) District Attorney General
Diane S. Lance Asst. District Attorney General Washington Square, STE 500 222 2nd Avenue North Nashville, TN 37219
OPINION FILED:
AFFIRMED
David G. Hayes Judge OPINION
The appellant, Tom Harris, appeals the dismissal of his petition for post-
conviction relief by the Davidson County Criminal Court. The post-conviction court
dismissed the petition finding that the claims alleged were barred by the statute of
limitations, and, otherwise, without merit.
After review, we affirm.
Background
In October 1986, the appellant was convicted of one count of aggravated
sexual battery and one count of aggravated rape.1 The appellant’s convictions and
sentences were affirmed by this court in June 1988. See State v. Harris, No. 86-
273-III (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Jan. 20, 1988), reh’g granted, (Tenn. Crim.
App. at Nashville, Mar. 11, 1988), aff’d as modified on reh’g, (Tenn. Crim. App. at
Nashville, June 23, 1988), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Nov. 7, 1988). On March
20, 1996, the appellant filed a pro se petition 2 for post-conviction relief alleging that,
(1) in light of our supreme court’s decision in State v. Livingston, 907 S.W.2d 392
(Tenn. 1995), his conviction was improperly based upon inadmissible fresh
complaint hearsay, and (2) that the reasonable doubt instruction tendered to the jury
was unconstitutionally infirm under Rickman v. Dutton, 864 F. Supp. 686 (M.D.
Tenn. 1994). The trial court summarily dismissed the petition, holding that it was
barred by the applicable statute of limitations and that the issues raised in the
petition were without merit.
1 The appellant’s convictions arise from various incidents of sexual abuse against the appellant’s three and one-half year old daughter. The appellant received an effective sentence of twenty-five years for these convictions.
2 The re cord ref lects that the post-co nviction co urt appo inted cou nsel on J une 22 , 1996. No amended post-conviction petition was filed, thus, only those issues as presented in the pro se petition were considered by the court. Following the court’s dismissal of the petition, counsel was subsequently held in contempt by this court and substitute counsel was appointed for purposes of this a ppe al.
2 There is no dispute that the appellant’s March 1996 petition was filed outside
the three year statute of limitations period applicable to the appellant’s 1986
conviction. See § 40-30-102 (repealed 1995). Nonetheless, the appellant asserts
that he is entitled to post-conviction relief under Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-202(b)(1)
(1996 Supp.). Tenn. Code Ann. §40-30-202(b)(1) provides that a petition for post-
conviction relief may be filed beyond the statute of limitations if the petition presents
grounds based on a constitutional right established by the courts after expiration of
the relevant limitations period and the newly established constitutional right requires
retroactive application. See also Burford v. State, 845 S.W.2d 204 (Tenn. 1992).
Notwithstanding this exception, any such petition falling under (b)(1) must be filed
within one year of the court ruling establishing the new constitutional right. See
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-202(b)(1).
Analysis
Initially, we note that the appellant concedes that the Tennessee Supreme
Court has upheld the constitutionality of the “moral certainty” language contained in
the reasonable doubt instruction. See State v. Nichols, 877 S.W.2d 722, 734
(Tenn. 1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1114, 115 S.Ct. 909 (1995); see also Pettyjohn
v. State, 885 S.W .2d 364, 365-66 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994). Although we recognize
the appellant’s interest in preserving his right to later assert such a claim in future
litigation, his challenge to the reasonable doubt jury instruction does not constitute
an exception under Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-202(b)(1), as neither Rickman v.
Dutton, 864 F. Supp. at 686, nor its predecessors created a new constitutional rule
of law that would justify the tolling of the statute of limitations. See Wright v. State,
No. 01C01-9506-CR-00211 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Mar. 20, 1997), aff’d by,
No. 01S01-9709-CR-00196 (Tenn. Feb. 1, 1999). See, e.g., Gentry v. State, No.
01C01-9704-CR-00119 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Feb. 23, 1998); Miller v.
State, No. 01C01-9606-CC-00239 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Oct. 24, 1997),
3 perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Apr. 20, 1998). Although a jury instruction similar to
the one given in the present case was found to be unconstitutional in Rickman v.
Dutton, 864 F. Supp. at 709-10 and again in Austin v. Bell, 938 F. Supp. 1308,
1318-19 (M.D. Tenn. 1996), aff’d in part, rev’d in part, 126 F.3d 843 (6th Cir. 1997), 3
this court is not bound by the decisions of the federal district court with regard to the
constitutionality of the reasonable doubt instruction. We are only required to follow
the applicable constitutional rulings of the United States Supreme Court. See State
v. McKay, 680 S.W.2d 447, 450 (Tenn. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1034, 105
S.Ct. 1412 (1985); State v. Bowers, 673 S.W.2d 887, 889 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1984).
This claim is without merit.
In his next assignment of error, the appellant asserts that State v. Livingston
created a new constitutional rule of law that requires retroactive application,
therefore, entitling him to review of his post-conviction petition. Specifically, the
appellant contends that the trial court admitted “substantial amounts of fresh
complaint testimony” in violation of State v. Livingston.
A new rule of constitutional law exists “when it breaks new ground or imposes
a new obligation on the States or the Federal Government. . . . To put it differently,
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE AT NASHVILLE FEBRUARY SESSION, 1999 FILED March 17, 1999
Cecil W. Crowson TOM HARRIS, ) Appellate Court Clerk ) No. 01C01-9709-CR-00423 Appellant ) ) DAVIDSON COUNTY vs. ) ) Hon. J. Randall Wyatt, Jr., Judge STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) ) (Post-Conviction) Appellee )
For the Appellant: For the Appellee:
Thomas F. Bloom John Knox Walkup Attorney at Law Attorney General and Reporter 500 Church Street, 5th Fl Nashville, TN 37219 Kim R. Helper Assistant Attorney General (ON APPEAL) Criminal Justice Division 425 Fifth Avenue North 2d Floor, Cordell Hull Building William C. Roberts, Jr. Nashville, TN 37243-0493 Attorney at Law Suite 2121, Parkway Towers Nashville, TN 37219 Victor S. (Torry) Johnson III (AT TRIAL) District Attorney General
Diane S. Lance Asst. District Attorney General Washington Square, STE 500 222 2nd Avenue North Nashville, TN 37219
OPINION FILED:
AFFIRMED
David G. Hayes Judge OPINION
The appellant, Tom Harris, appeals the dismissal of his petition for post-
conviction relief by the Davidson County Criminal Court. The post-conviction court
dismissed the petition finding that the claims alleged were barred by the statute of
limitations, and, otherwise, without merit.
After review, we affirm.
Background
In October 1986, the appellant was convicted of one count of aggravated
sexual battery and one count of aggravated rape.1 The appellant’s convictions and
sentences were affirmed by this court in June 1988. See State v. Harris, No. 86-
273-III (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Jan. 20, 1988), reh’g granted, (Tenn. Crim.
App. at Nashville, Mar. 11, 1988), aff’d as modified on reh’g, (Tenn. Crim. App. at
Nashville, June 23, 1988), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Nov. 7, 1988). On March
20, 1996, the appellant filed a pro se petition 2 for post-conviction relief alleging that,
(1) in light of our supreme court’s decision in State v. Livingston, 907 S.W.2d 392
(Tenn. 1995), his conviction was improperly based upon inadmissible fresh
complaint hearsay, and (2) that the reasonable doubt instruction tendered to the jury
was unconstitutionally infirm under Rickman v. Dutton, 864 F. Supp. 686 (M.D.
Tenn. 1994). The trial court summarily dismissed the petition, holding that it was
barred by the applicable statute of limitations and that the issues raised in the
petition were without merit.
1 The appellant’s convictions arise from various incidents of sexual abuse against the appellant’s three and one-half year old daughter. The appellant received an effective sentence of twenty-five years for these convictions.
2 The re cord ref lects that the post-co nviction co urt appo inted cou nsel on J une 22 , 1996. No amended post-conviction petition was filed, thus, only those issues as presented in the pro se petition were considered by the court. Following the court’s dismissal of the petition, counsel was subsequently held in contempt by this court and substitute counsel was appointed for purposes of this a ppe al.
2 There is no dispute that the appellant’s March 1996 petition was filed outside
the three year statute of limitations period applicable to the appellant’s 1986
conviction. See § 40-30-102 (repealed 1995). Nonetheless, the appellant asserts
that he is entitled to post-conviction relief under Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-202(b)(1)
(1996 Supp.). Tenn. Code Ann. §40-30-202(b)(1) provides that a petition for post-
conviction relief may be filed beyond the statute of limitations if the petition presents
grounds based on a constitutional right established by the courts after expiration of
the relevant limitations period and the newly established constitutional right requires
retroactive application. See also Burford v. State, 845 S.W.2d 204 (Tenn. 1992).
Notwithstanding this exception, any such petition falling under (b)(1) must be filed
within one year of the court ruling establishing the new constitutional right. See
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-202(b)(1).
Analysis
Initially, we note that the appellant concedes that the Tennessee Supreme
Court has upheld the constitutionality of the “moral certainty” language contained in
the reasonable doubt instruction. See State v. Nichols, 877 S.W.2d 722, 734
(Tenn. 1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1114, 115 S.Ct. 909 (1995); see also Pettyjohn
v. State, 885 S.W .2d 364, 365-66 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994). Although we recognize
the appellant’s interest in preserving his right to later assert such a claim in future
litigation, his challenge to the reasonable doubt jury instruction does not constitute
an exception under Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-202(b)(1), as neither Rickman v.
Dutton, 864 F. Supp. at 686, nor its predecessors created a new constitutional rule
of law that would justify the tolling of the statute of limitations. See Wright v. State,
No. 01C01-9506-CR-00211 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Mar. 20, 1997), aff’d by,
No. 01S01-9709-CR-00196 (Tenn. Feb. 1, 1999). See, e.g., Gentry v. State, No.
01C01-9704-CR-00119 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Feb. 23, 1998); Miller v.
State, No. 01C01-9606-CC-00239 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Oct. 24, 1997),
3 perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Apr. 20, 1998). Although a jury instruction similar to
the one given in the present case was found to be unconstitutional in Rickman v.
Dutton, 864 F. Supp. at 709-10 and again in Austin v. Bell, 938 F. Supp. 1308,
1318-19 (M.D. Tenn. 1996), aff’d in part, rev’d in part, 126 F.3d 843 (6th Cir. 1997), 3
this court is not bound by the decisions of the federal district court with regard to the
constitutionality of the reasonable doubt instruction. We are only required to follow
the applicable constitutional rulings of the United States Supreme Court. See State
v. McKay, 680 S.W.2d 447, 450 (Tenn. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1034, 105
S.Ct. 1412 (1985); State v. Bowers, 673 S.W.2d 887, 889 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1984).
This claim is without merit.
In his next assignment of error, the appellant asserts that State v. Livingston
created a new constitutional rule of law that requires retroactive application,
therefore, entitling him to review of his post-conviction petition. Specifically, the
appellant contends that the trial court admitted “substantial amounts of fresh
complaint testimony” in violation of State v. Livingston.
A new rule of constitutional law exists “when it breaks new ground or imposes
a new obligation on the States or the Federal Government. . . . To put it differently,
a case announces a new rule if the result was not dictated by precedent existing at
the time the defendant’s conviction became final.” Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288,
301, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 1070 (1989) (emphasis in original); Meadows v. State, 849
S.W.2d 748, 751 (Tenn. 1993).
At the time of the appellant’s trial, the fresh complaint doctrine was viable.
Under this doctrine, Tennessee law permitted both the facts and details of the
complaint to be admitted during the State’s case-in-chief. See State v. Kendricks,
3 We note that in Aus tin v. B ell, the Sixth C ircuit revers ed the dis trict court’s h olding with regard to the constitutionality of the reasonable doubt instruction.
4 891 S.W.2d 597, 603 (Tenn. 1994); Phillips v. State, 28 Tenn. (1 Hum.) 346 (1848).
Thus, statements made by child victims of sexual abuse were admissible as
confirmation of their credibility. See Clem v. State, No. 01C01-9612-CC-00519
(Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Nov. 17, 1997), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. May
11, 1998) (citing State v. Brown, 871 S.W.2d 492, 493 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1993)). In
Kendricks, 891 S.W.2d at 603, our supreme court modified the principles governing
the use of fresh complaint evidence in cases where an adult is the victim of a sexual
crime. See Wilson v. State, No. 03C01-9611-CR-00409 (Tenn. Crim. App. at
Knoxville, Oct. 30, 1997). Indeed, after Kendricks, no longer would details of the
incident be permitted to be introduced at trial before the victim’s credibility was
attacked. Kendricks, 891 S.W.2d at 603. This holding, however, did not affect the
admissibility of the fact of the complaint. Id. One year after its decision in
Kendricks, the supreme court abolished the fresh complaint doctrine, in its entirety,
in cases involving child victims.4 See Livingston, 907 S.W.2d at 395.
Prior panels of this court have held that neither Kendricks nor Livingston
established a new constitutional rule of law. See Watts v. State, No. 01C01-9711-
CC-00533 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Dec. 9 ,1998) (Livingston does not create
new rule constitutional law); Wilson, No. 03C01-9611-CR-00409 (Kendricks does
not create new rule constitutional law). Rather, both Kendricks and Livingston
merely modify existing evidentiary principles governing fresh complaint testimony.
See Watts, No. 01C01-9711-CC-00533; Wilson, No. 03C01-9611-CR-00409. We
can find no logical reason to differ from the previous holdings of this court.
Accordingly, we conclude that State v. Livingston did not announce a new rule of
constitutional law which would entitle the appellant to post-conviction review of his
allegations.
4 The court recognized, however, that fresh complaint evidence may be admissible under certain he arsay ex ceptions . Livingston, 907 S.W.2d at 395.
5 For the reasons set forth above, we conclude that the post-conviction court
properly dismissed the appellant’s petition for post-conviction relief as time-barred
as neither argument upon which the appellant relies establishes an exception to the
three year statute of limitations period. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
____________________________________ DAVID G. HAYES, Judge
CONCUR:
____________________________________ JAMES CURWOOD WITT, JR., Judge
____________________________________ JOHN EVERETT W ILLIAMS, Judge