State v. Gutierrez

2003 NMCA 077, 70 P.3d 787, 133 N.M. 797
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedApril 24, 2003
Docket22,738
StatusPublished
Cited by36 cases

This text of 2003 NMCA 077 (State v. Gutierrez) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Gutierrez, 2003 NMCA 077, 70 P.3d 787, 133 N.M. 797 (N.M. Ct. App. 2003).

Opinion

OPINION

SUTIN, Judge.

{1} Defendant appeals from convictions of driving while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, speeding, and failing to obey a stop sign. He asserts (1) questions by the prosecutor violated Ms right to remain silent, and (2) violation of the six-month rule in Rule 5-604(B) NMRA 2003. We affirm.

BACKGROUND

{2} Officer Gina La Brosse and Sergeant Randy Spear of the Police Department in Ruidoso, New Mexico, testified at Defendant’s jury trial. The following occurred, according to their testimony. La Brosse spotted a veMcle running a stop sign and traveling twenty-seven miles per hour in a fifteen mile per hour zone. La Brosse engaged her emergency equipment and pursued the vehicle for three-tenths of a mile achieving speeds of fifty miles per hour, after which the veMcle pulled off the road into a restaurant parking lot. La Brosse did not lose sight of the vehicle during the pursuit.

{3} After La Brosse pulled in behind the vehicle, with the emergency equipment still on, Defendant exited the vehicle and headed toward the restaurant. La Brosse asked Defendant to return to his vehicle and requested his driver’s license, registration, and insurance. La Brosse smelled the odor of alcohol, and noticed Defendant’s eyes were red and watery, and his speech was slurred. Defendant first told La Brosse that he was going to Ruidoso Downs, and that he had pulled into the restaurant parking lot to get out of her way. When asked whether he had been drinking, Defendant initially said he had not, but later stated he had had three beers at 4:30 p.m. but that he was “fine to drive.” La Brosse told Defendant she had reason to believe he was under the influence and was driving while impaired, and that she would be calling another officer to conduct field sobriety tests. According to La Brosse’s testimony, Defendant “got very upset at that time and said that he didn’t need this to happen. That he was fine to drive, that he was just going to friends,” and that “he wouldn’t drive[,] he would park the car.”

{4} Upon his arrival, Sergeant Spear told Defendant that field sobriety tests would be conducted. Defendant refused and stated, “just arrest me.” Spear explained to Defendant that if he were to pass the field sobriety tests, he would be free to leave. Defendant again refused, stating that the police “already ha[d] it made up in [their] mind[s].” Defendant again stated, “just arrest me.” Defendant was placed under arrest, taken to the police station, booked, and asked to submit to a breathalyzer test. He refused. Spear told La Brosse that a search warrant had been obtained and that La Brosse was to transport Defendant to Lincoln County Medical Center for a blood draw. The toxicology report from this blood draw revealed a .08 percent blood alcohol content. A toxicologist testified that Defendant’s blood alcohol content at the time of the stop would have been somewhere between .10 and .14 percent.

{5} On direct examination, as a part of Defendant’s case, Defendant testified that the vehicle was his. However, Defendant also testified that he refused to submit to the field sobriety tests because he was not driving the vehicle. Rather, he testified, a man named Dale was driving. He further testified he did not know Dale’s last name, Dale had been drinking, he and Dale were on their way to a restaurant, Dale had already gotten out of the car by the time La Brosse arrived, Defendant had the keys because he had pulled them from the ignition, and he had not seen Dale since that evening. Significantly, during this direct examination, Defendant testified, “I just told [La Brosse] that I wasn’t driving and that’s why I wouldn’t submit to a field sobriety test.” The police officers’ testimony during the State’s case revealed no statement by Defendant regarding tMs “Dale” testimony.

{6} Defendant was convicted of driving while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, speeding, and failing to obey a stop sign. He appeals, contending the prosecutorial questioning during trial regarding whether he informed the police officers or the district attorney about “Dale” constituted improper comment on his silence in violation of the Fifth Amendment. He also contends that his trial was not commenced within six months as required under Rule 5-604(B).

DISCUSSION

Preservation, Scope, and Standard of Review

{7} The State asserts that Defendant failed to object to the prosecutor’s questions. Defendant acknowledges this, but correctly contends that no trial objection is necessary for review. See State v. Telles, 1999-NMCA-013, ¶ 4, 126 N.M. 593, 973 P.2d 845; State v. Carrasco, 1996-NMCA-114, ¶ 33, 122 N.M. 554, 928 P.2d 939, aff'd and rev’d in part on other grounds, 1997-NMSC-047, 124 N.M. 64, 946 P.2d 1075.

{8} Our Supreme Court has explained the parameters and nature of our review where impermissible prosecutorial comment on silence has been alleged but error was not preserved:

Notwithstanding the lack of a timely objection at trial, an appellate court will apply the doctrine of fundamental error and grant review of certain categories of prosecutorial misconduct that compromise a defendant’s right to a fair trial. Remarks by a prosecutor that directly comment on a defendant’s invocation of the right to remain silent after receiving warnings under Miranda ... fall into this category of error. The same rule applies to certain prosecutorial questions pertaining to the defendant’s postarrest silence and certain testimony elicited by those questions. We apply this rule inasmuch as it is fundamentally unfair and a violation of due process to allow people’s invocation of their right to remain silent to be used against them after they have been arrested and informed of this right. In such circumstances, a prosecutor’s comment on the defendant’s exercise of his [or her] fifth amendment right to remain silent may constitute error requiring reversal. To the extent that a trial court permits the prosecution to introduce evidence of a defendant’s silence, we also apply the plain error rule.

State v. Allen, 2000-NMSC-002, ¶ 27, 128 N.M. 482, 994 P.2d 728 (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).

{9} Defendant nowhere asserts either fundamental error or plain error. Although he cites cases that discuss such error, he nowhere argues that fundamental error or plain error occurred or how either error occurred. We normally refuse to step into review when not invited by the appellant to do so. However, we have not retreated from our deep concern, expressed in State v. Hennessy, 114 N.M. 283, 837 P.2d 1366 (Ct.App.1992), about prosecutorial overreaching in comment-on-silence cases. See id. at 285-86, 837 P.2d at 1368-69 (stating “the remedy of automatic reversal regardless of objection” to be the favored practice in impermissible-comment cases “as a prophylactic measure to deter prosecutors from obtaining convictions by unfair tactics”), overruled on other grounds by State v. Lucero, 116 N.M. 450, 863 P.2d 1071 (1993); see also State v. Garcia, 118 N.M.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
2003 NMCA 077, 70 P.3d 787, 133 N.M. 797, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-gutierrez-nmctapp-2003.