State v. Albert

430 So. 2d 1279
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedApril 5, 1983
Docket82 KA 0841
StatusPublished
Cited by30 cases

This text of 430 So. 2d 1279 (State v. Albert) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Albert, 430 So. 2d 1279 (La. Ct. App. 1983).

Opinion

430 So.2d 1279 (1983)

STATE of Louisiana
v.
Lucien ALBERT.

No. 82 KA 0841.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, First Circuit.

April 5, 1983.

*1281 Jack T. Marionneaux, Asst. Dist. Atty., Plaquemine, for plaintiff.

William C. Dupont, Plaquemine, for defendant.

Before LOTTINGER, COLE and CARTER, JJ.

LOTTINGER, Judge.

Defendant, Lucien Albert, was charged with the crime of production of marijuana, La.R.S. 40:967.[1] After a jury trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to three years at hard labor. Defendant urges seventeen assignments of error on appeal.

FACTS

On September 7, 1980, several agents of the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, while searching for out-of-season hunters, came across defendant and two other individuals in a patch of marijuana (10-12 foot plants) growing in a clearing in the woods. After the agents identified themselves and called to the men to stop, the subjects ran through the woods leaving behind a stepladder and some gardening tools. The agents chased them on foot and caught the defendant.

Albert was charged by a bill of information on October 10, 1980, with the production of marijuana. At the arraignment on October 10, 1980, the defendant pled not guilty and a trial date was set for May 6, 1981. After hearings were held on several preliminary motions filed by defendant, trial began on that date. Six jurors (out of a total of twelve) had been selected when the prosecutor informed defendant and his counsel that he intended to introduce at trial an inculpatory statement made by defendant. Defense counsel objected on the ground that he had not been furnished this statement despite discovery requests aimed at such evidence. He asked for a continuance or alternatively a mistrial. At the end of a lengthy and somewhat heated discussion the prosecutor decided to enter a nolle prosequi; besides being angry, the prosecutor was concerned about possible prejudice to defendant.

A second bill of information, identical to the first, was filed on May 15, 1981. Defendant was again arraigned on July 1st, and again pled not guilty. On September 15, 1981, defendant filed several motions, one of which urged the quashing of the indictment due to an abridgement of his right to a speedy trial.

On October 28, 1981, trial began again. All twelve jurors were selected, and the *1282 state called several witnesses to testify. When trial resumed the next day, one of the jurors reported to the judge that he had seen boxes of evidence bearing defendant's name outside of the courtroom, and had spoken to one of defendant's accomplices about the case shortly after the arrest. Concerned about the juror's ability to remain impartial and his possible influence upon the rest of the jury, the judge declared a mistrial. Defense counsel stated that he had no objections to this action, nor did he have any motions to make.

On December 10, 1981, the third trial date was set for April 15, 1982. Defendant filed another motion to quash on February 26, 1982, reiterating his earlier claims, including the asserted deprivation of his right to a speedy trial. The motion was denied. Trial was held and completed on April 15 and 16, 1982, resulting in defendant's conviction.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1

As assignment of error No. 1, defendant claims that he has been placed twice in jeopardy for the same offense. Defendant argues that both of the trials which commenced after the initial nolle prosequi violated his constitutional right not to be placed in double jeopardy, and therefore the effects of both the nolle prosequi and the mistrial must be considered.

Defendant contends that jeopardy attaches in a jury trial when the first juror is sworn; therefore, after three jurors had been empanelled, jeopardy forestalling another trial had attached. We find no authority for this argument. The federal rule (which applies also to the states) as expressed in Crist v. Bretz, 437 U.S. 28, 98 S.Ct. 2156, 57 L.Ed.2d 24 (1978), is that jeopardy attaches when the jury is empanelled and sworn; Crist does not address the issue of a partial jury selection. In State v. Sermon, 404 So.2d 261 (La.1981), the Supreme Court found that the selection and swearing in of three jurors was insufficient to trigger the attachment of jeopardy prior to the declaration of a mistrial by the trial court.[2] Since the prosecution of this offense must necessarily be before a twelve member jury, the choosing of six jurors is not sufficient to trigger the attachment of jeopardy.

Unquestionably, jeopardy had attached in this matter after the mistrial was declared on October 29, 1981. La.Code Crim.P. art. 591 defines the situations when an accused can be tried again for the same offense, one of which is when a mistrial is ordered with the express consent of the defendant. The failure of defendant to object to a mistrial is deemed to be an acquiescence in its ruling which bars subsequent complaint that the court-ordered mistrial violated his double jeopardy rights. La. Code Crim.P. art. 775, comment (d); State v. Lawson, 338 So.2d 627 (La.1976).

The trial court asked defense counsel specifically if he had any objections to the declaration of a mistrial, and he replied that he had none. We find this case falls under the rule of Lawson, supra, and not under State v. Simpson, 371 So.2d 733 (La. 1979), where the court distinguished Lawson on the facts present there and found no consent from the defendant's silence. We deem the defendant's silence here to be an acquiescence and thus a consent to the mistrial order. This assignment is without merit.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2

By this assignment of error, defendant asserts that his right to a speedy trial was violated.

Initially we note that the final trial was commenced within the two-year period set out in La.Code Crim.P. art. 578. Defendant *1283 was billed on October 10, 1980, and the third and final trial was commenced on April 15, 1982.

That this time limitation was not breached is not dispositive of defendant's claim. In State v. Alfred, 337 So.2d 1049 (La.1976), the Supreme Court adopted the flexible approach espoused in Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972) to examine a speedy trial claim. This test includes the length of the delay, the reason for the delay, the defendant's assertion of his right, and the prejudice which the defendant has suffered. In addition, the peculiar circumstances of each case will determine the weight given to these factors.

The length of the delay here was not inordinate. A little more than nineteen months elapsed between the time of defendant's arrest and the beginning of the final trial. The crime defendant was charged with and found guilty of is a serious offense, one which exposed defendant to a possible ten year sentence, a $15,000 fine, and mandatory hard labor if imprisonment was imposed. This was no "ordinary street crime" or "simple misdemeanor" which would invoke a constitutional requirement for a relatively brief delay.

The reasons for the delay indicate no purposeful attempt on the state's part to prejudice defendant or to simply foot-drag. The periods of time between the two arraignments and the later trials were presumably set according to the time table of that district's regular docket and are not unusually long.

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Bluebook (online)
430 So. 2d 1279, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-albert-lactapp-1983.