State ex rel. Smith v. Early

934 S.W.2d 655, 1996 Tenn. App. LEXIS 409
CourtCourt of Appeals of Tennessee
DecidedJuly 12, 1996
StatusPublished
Cited by13 cases

This text of 934 S.W.2d 655 (State ex rel. Smith v. Early) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Tennessee primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State ex rel. Smith v. Early, 934 S.W.2d 655, 1996 Tenn. App. LEXIS 409 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996).

Opinion

OPINION

LEWIS, Judge.

This is an appeal brought by respondent/appellant, Edward Lee Early, from a judgment of the trial court ordering him to pay future and retroactive child support. The pertinent facts are as follows.

On 9 June 1980, plaintiff/appellee, Carolyn D. Smith, gave birth to a child, Tamika La-Shone Smith. Nine years later, she filed a Uniform Support Petition in the Franklin County Chancery Court of Mississippi. Thereafter, the Mississippi court entered an order transferring the case to Tennessee’s courts.

On 19 June 1989, the Fourth Circuit Court of Davidson County entered an order requiring defendant to appear and show cause why the court should not enter an order requiring defendant to pay child support. Nearly four years later, the.Fourth Circuit Court entered an order requiring defendant to pay the circuit court clerk $315.00 every two weeks pending final resolution of the matter. On 25 July 1994, the court entered an order and made the following findings: 1) defendant is the father of the child; 2) defendant’s gross monthly income is $3,722.00; 3) Tennessee’s child support guidelines apply to the case; and 4) defendant is liable for the child’s medical insurance. The court then ordered defendant to pay monthly child support of $565.00 plus the clerk’s commission of $28.25 and to obtain medical insurance for the child within thirty days. In addition, the court set a hearing date to determine the issue of retroactive support.

On 25 August 1994, the court held a hearing as to the amount of retroactive support owed to plaintiff. Thereafter, plaintiff filed a proposed order stating that the parties reached an agreement which included a finding that defendant owed plaintiff $38,000.00 in retroactive support as of 30 June 1994. On 24 October 1994, the court entered an order accepting the agreement of the parties and setting monthly payments at $89.25.

On 8 September 1994, defendant filed a motion to set aside the order arguing that there was a mutual mistake of law. Specifically, defendant claimed that Mississippi Code Annotated section 93-9-11 limited plaintiffs recovery of retroactive support to one year preceding the commencement of the action. On 9 January 1995, the court entered an order setting aside the previous order. The court then set the case for a hearing on the reasonableness of the amount of retroactive support, but affirmed its previous decision holding that Tennessee, not Mississippi, law applied to the case. On 14 March 1995, the court entered an order finding that, based on defendant’s income from October 1989 through June 1994, defendant owed plaintiff $30,282.00. Because there was no proof of defendant’s actual income, the court assumed defendant’s yearly income was [657]*657$25,761.00. From this, the court calculated the arrearage for June 1980 through September 1989 to be $40,218.00. In an amended order, entered on 4 April 1995, the court held that it would modify the order if defendant provided proof of his actual income within sixty days.

On 26 April 1995, defendant filed a motion asking the court to recalculate the arrearage amount based on his actual income and to apply the Mississippi statute limiting plaintiffs recovery of retroactive support to one year preceding the commencement of the action. On 16 August 1995, the court entered its final judgment. The court held that Mississippi’s statute of limitations and Tennessee’s fifteen percent rule did not apply to the determination of the arrearage amount. The court calculated the arrearage for each year by multiplying the number of payments per year times the child support rate based on twenty-one percent of defendant’s net income. As a result, the court held that defendant owed plaintiff a total of $67,167.42 for June 1980 through September 1989. The court then took into account all payments made on the arrearage through June 1995 and held that the total child support judgment through June 1995 was $57,524.63.

Thereafter, defendant filed his notice of appeal. He presented the following issues:

ISSUE I

Whether the Court erred in setting retroactive child support from the date of birth instead of limiting retroactive child support to the period from one year prior to the filing of the URESA petition in Mississippi.

ISSUE II

Whether the court erred in setting retroactive child support without applying the 15% rule of the Tennessee child support guidelines while at the same time applying the 21% presumption of the guidelines in setting retroactive child support.

Defendant’s first issue is a choice of law question, i.e., did the trial court correctly choose to apply Tennessee law. It is defendant’s contention that the trial court should have applied Mississippi law. Specifically, he asserts that Mississippi Code Annotated section 93-9-11 limits plaintiffs recovery of retroactive child support. That statute provides as follows: “The father’s liabilities for past education and necessary support and maintenance and other expenses are limited to a period of one (1) year next preceding the commencement of an action.” Miss.Code Ann. § 93-9-11 (1994).

In support of this claim, defendant makes two arguments. First, he argues that Mississippi’s choice of law statute1 allows the obligee to choose either the law of the initiating state or the law of the responding state and that plaintiff chose the law of the initiating state, Mississippi, in her petition. Defendant’s second argument is “even if the Mississippi Statute didn’t specifically require the election, which it does, the Mississippi limitation would still apply because the limitation is substantive, not procedural....”

These arguments are without merit. “A court, subject to constitutional restriction, will follow a statutory directive of its own state on choice of law.” Restatement (SECOND) of Conflict of Laws § 6(1) (1971); see Hataway v. McKinley, 830 S.W.2d 53, 59 & nn. 2-3 (Tenn.1992) (adopting sections 145 and 175 of the Restatement which incorporate section 6). Thus, when determining which choice of law statute to apply, Tennessee’s courts should look to its statutes if such a statute exists. In this ease, there is a choice of law statute which provides:

Duties of support applicable under this part are those imposed or imposable under the laws of any state where the obligor was present during the period for which support is sought. The obligor is presumed to have been present in the responding state [658]*658during the period for which support is sought until otherwise shown.

Tenn.Code Ann. § 36-5-207(a) (1991). Mississippi’s courts have also adopted section 6 of the Restatement to guide them when making choice of law decisions. Spragins v. Louise Plantation, Inc., 391 So.2d 97, 99-100 (Miss.1980). Both of defendant’s arguments assume the application of Mississippi’s choice of law statute. Because this assumption is incorrect, defendant’s arguments must fail.

Tennessee’s choice of law statute applies in this case. Pursuant to that section, Tennessee’s substantive law applies, not that of Mississippi. Moreover, “matters of procedure ...

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Bluebook (online)
934 S.W.2d 655, 1996 Tenn. App. LEXIS 409, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-ex-rel-smith-v-early-tennctapp-1996.