[Cite as Spitzer v. Frisch's Restaurants, Inc., 2021-Ohio-1913.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
DARLENE SPITZER, :
Appellant, : CASE NO. CA2020-12-128
: OPINION - vs - 6/7/2021 :
FRISCH'S RESTAURANTS, INC., et al., :
Appellees. :
CIVIL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS Case No. CV2020-03-0589
Richard P. Gabelman, 6071 Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213, for appellant
Markesbery & Richardson Co., L.P.A., Samuel A. Gradwohl, 2368 Victory Parkway, Suite 200, Cincinnati, Ohio 45206, for appellees, Frisch's Restaurants, Inc. and Frisch Hamilton West, Inc.
S. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Darlene Spitzer, appeals the decision of the Butler County Court of
Common Pleas granting the motion for summary judgment filed by appellees, Frisch's
Restaurants, Inc. and Frisch Hamilton West, Inc. (collectively, "Frisch's"), in this case arising
from a slip and fall accident at a local Frisch's restaurant. For the reasons outlined below, Butler CA2020-12-128
we affirm.1
{¶ 2} On March 18, 2020, Spitzer filed a complaint alleging Frisch's was responsible
for the injuries she sustained after she slipped and fell inside a Frisch's restaurant located
in Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio. Frisch's filed its answer denying Spitzer's allegations on
May 7, 2020. Spitzer's deposition was taken on July 21, 2020. As part of her deposition
testimony, Spitzer, who was 68 years old at the time of her fall, testified that the pavement
outside the restaurant where she fell was still wet from rain earlier in the day. Spitzer also
testified that she "would assume" that the soles of her shoes were wet when she entered
the restaurant, but that she did not wipe her feet and instead just "walked right in" and
proceeded towards the cashier immediately before she slipped and fell on the floor.
{¶ 3} On September 22, 2020, Frisch's moved for summary judgment. Spitzer filed
a memorandum in opposition to Frisch's motion on November 3, 2020. After taking the
matter under advisement, the trial court issued a decision granting Frisch's motion for
summary judgment on December 8, 2020. In so holding, the trial court determined that
Spitzer had not "presented evidence sufficient to create a genuine issue of material fact as
to the cause of her fall or, if it was because of an unusually slippery floor, as to Frisch's
notice or knowledge of that condition prior to her fall." In reaching this decision, the trial
court specifically noted Spitzer's testimony that "when asked during her deposition what
caused her to fall, Spitzer testified that her shoes were wet." Spitzer now appeals the trial
court's decision, raising the following single assignment of error for review.
{¶ 4} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR
SUMMARY JUDGMENT.
{¶ 5} Spitzer argues the trial court erred by granting Frisch's motion for summary
1. Pursuant to Loc.R. (6)(A), we sua sponte remove this appeal from the accelerated calendar for the purpose of issuing this opinion. -2- Butler CA2020-12-128
judgment. To support this claim, Spitzer argues that, at a minimum, she provided sufficient
circumstantial evidence to create a genuine issue of fact whether Frisch's can be held
responsible for the injuries she sustained after she slipped and fell inside Frisch's
restaurant, thereby making it improper for the trial court to grant Frisch's motion for
summary judgment. We disagree.
{¶ 6} "Summary judgment is a procedural device used to terminate litigation when
there are no issues in a case requiring a formal trial." Franchas Holdings, LLC v. Dameron,
12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2015-09-073, 2016-Ohio-878, ¶ 16, citing Roberts v. RMB Ents.,
Inc., 197 Ohio App.3d 435, 2011-Ohio-6223, ¶ 6 (12th Dist.). "Civ.R. 56 sets forth the
summary judgment standard." State ex rel. Becker v. Faris, 12th Dist. Clermont No.
CA2020-10-058, 2021-Ohio-1127, ¶ 14. Pursuant to that rule, a court may grant summary
judgment only when (1) there is no genuine issue of any material fact, (2) the moving party
is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and (3) the evidence submitted can only lead
reasonable minds to a conclusion that is adverse to the nonmoving party. BAC Home Loans
Servicing, L.P. v. Kolenich, 194 Ohio App.3d 777, 2011-Ohio-3345, ¶ 17 (12th Dist.). The
party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of demonstrating that no
genuine issue of material fact exists. Touhey v. Ed's Tree & Turf, LLC, 194 Ohio App.3d
800, 2011-Ohio-3432, ¶ 7 (12th Dist.), citing Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292-293
(1996). Once this burden is met, the nonmoving party must then present evidence to show
that there is some issue of material fact yet remaining to be resolved. Smedley v. Discount
Drug Mart, Inc., 190 Ohio App.3d 684, 2010-Ohio-5665, ¶ 11 (12th Dist.). "In determining
whether a genuine issue of material fact exists, the evidence must be construed in favor of
the nonmoving party." Assured Admin., LLC v. Young, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2019-04-
039, 2019-Ohio-3953, ¶ 14, citing Vanderbilt v. Pier 27, L.L.C., 12th Dist. Butler No.
CA2013-02-029, 2013-Ohio-5205, ¶ 8.
-3- Butler CA2020-12-128
{¶ 7} This court recently reiterated the long-standing, well-established principle that
"'[t]o establish negligence in a slip and fall case, it is incumbent upon the plaintiff to identify
or explain the reason for the fall.'" Matthews v. Tex. Roadhouse Mgmt. Corp., 12th Dist.
Butler No. CA2020-03-037, 2020-Ohio-5229, ¶ 8, quoting Stamper v. Middletown Hosp.
Assn., 65 Ohio App.3d 65, 67-68 (12th Dist.1989). In this case, just as the trial court found,
Spitzer did not present sufficient evidence to identify what caused her to slip and fall, either
personally or by any outside witnesses. "Where the plaintiff, either personally or by outside
witnesses, cannot identify what caused her slip and fall, a finding of negligence on the part
of the defendant is precluded." Koop v. Speedway SuperAmerica, LLC, 12th Dist. Warren
No. CA2008-09-110, 2009-Ohio-1734, ¶ 17, citing O'Brien v. Bob Evans Farms, Inc., 11th
Dist. Trumbull No. 2003-T-106, 2004-Ohio-6948, ¶ 23; and Smith v. Reschs Bakery, 10th
Dist. Franklin No. 87AP-897, 1987 Ohio App. LEXIS 10048, *5-*6 (Dec. 10, 1987) (appellant
could not maintain a cause of action in negligence in a slip and fall case where "appellant
really had no idea why she fell" and could not "identify the cause of her fall"). Therefore,
because Spitzer cannot specifically identify what caused her to fall – other than assuming
that the soles of her shoes were wet due to her having just walked over wet pavement to
get inside the restaurant prior to her fall – a finding of negligence on the part of Frisch's
simply cannot be had. Spitzer's claim otherwise lacks merit.
{¶ 8} In so holding, we note that, based solely on the fact that she slipped and fell
in a Frisch's restaurant, Spitzer alleges that there must have been "some form of a slippery
condition" caused by a foreign "substance," possibly grease, on the restaurant's floor. This,
according to Spitzer, creates a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Frisch's can be
held responsible for her injuries.
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[Cite as Spitzer v. Frisch's Restaurants, Inc., 2021-Ohio-1913.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
DARLENE SPITZER, :
Appellant, : CASE NO. CA2020-12-128
: OPINION - vs - 6/7/2021 :
FRISCH'S RESTAURANTS, INC., et al., :
Appellees. :
CIVIL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS Case No. CV2020-03-0589
Richard P. Gabelman, 6071 Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213, for appellant
Markesbery & Richardson Co., L.P.A., Samuel A. Gradwohl, 2368 Victory Parkway, Suite 200, Cincinnati, Ohio 45206, for appellees, Frisch's Restaurants, Inc. and Frisch Hamilton West, Inc.
S. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Darlene Spitzer, appeals the decision of the Butler County Court of
Common Pleas granting the motion for summary judgment filed by appellees, Frisch's
Restaurants, Inc. and Frisch Hamilton West, Inc. (collectively, "Frisch's"), in this case arising
from a slip and fall accident at a local Frisch's restaurant. For the reasons outlined below, Butler CA2020-12-128
we affirm.1
{¶ 2} On March 18, 2020, Spitzer filed a complaint alleging Frisch's was responsible
for the injuries she sustained after she slipped and fell inside a Frisch's restaurant located
in Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio. Frisch's filed its answer denying Spitzer's allegations on
May 7, 2020. Spitzer's deposition was taken on July 21, 2020. As part of her deposition
testimony, Spitzer, who was 68 years old at the time of her fall, testified that the pavement
outside the restaurant where she fell was still wet from rain earlier in the day. Spitzer also
testified that she "would assume" that the soles of her shoes were wet when she entered
the restaurant, but that she did not wipe her feet and instead just "walked right in" and
proceeded towards the cashier immediately before she slipped and fell on the floor.
{¶ 3} On September 22, 2020, Frisch's moved for summary judgment. Spitzer filed
a memorandum in opposition to Frisch's motion on November 3, 2020. After taking the
matter under advisement, the trial court issued a decision granting Frisch's motion for
summary judgment on December 8, 2020. In so holding, the trial court determined that
Spitzer had not "presented evidence sufficient to create a genuine issue of material fact as
to the cause of her fall or, if it was because of an unusually slippery floor, as to Frisch's
notice or knowledge of that condition prior to her fall." In reaching this decision, the trial
court specifically noted Spitzer's testimony that "when asked during her deposition what
caused her to fall, Spitzer testified that her shoes were wet." Spitzer now appeals the trial
court's decision, raising the following single assignment of error for review.
{¶ 4} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR
SUMMARY JUDGMENT.
{¶ 5} Spitzer argues the trial court erred by granting Frisch's motion for summary
1. Pursuant to Loc.R. (6)(A), we sua sponte remove this appeal from the accelerated calendar for the purpose of issuing this opinion. -2- Butler CA2020-12-128
judgment. To support this claim, Spitzer argues that, at a minimum, she provided sufficient
circumstantial evidence to create a genuine issue of fact whether Frisch's can be held
responsible for the injuries she sustained after she slipped and fell inside Frisch's
restaurant, thereby making it improper for the trial court to grant Frisch's motion for
summary judgment. We disagree.
{¶ 6} "Summary judgment is a procedural device used to terminate litigation when
there are no issues in a case requiring a formal trial." Franchas Holdings, LLC v. Dameron,
12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2015-09-073, 2016-Ohio-878, ¶ 16, citing Roberts v. RMB Ents.,
Inc., 197 Ohio App.3d 435, 2011-Ohio-6223, ¶ 6 (12th Dist.). "Civ.R. 56 sets forth the
summary judgment standard." State ex rel. Becker v. Faris, 12th Dist. Clermont No.
CA2020-10-058, 2021-Ohio-1127, ¶ 14. Pursuant to that rule, a court may grant summary
judgment only when (1) there is no genuine issue of any material fact, (2) the moving party
is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and (3) the evidence submitted can only lead
reasonable minds to a conclusion that is adverse to the nonmoving party. BAC Home Loans
Servicing, L.P. v. Kolenich, 194 Ohio App.3d 777, 2011-Ohio-3345, ¶ 17 (12th Dist.). The
party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of demonstrating that no
genuine issue of material fact exists. Touhey v. Ed's Tree & Turf, LLC, 194 Ohio App.3d
800, 2011-Ohio-3432, ¶ 7 (12th Dist.), citing Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292-293
(1996). Once this burden is met, the nonmoving party must then present evidence to show
that there is some issue of material fact yet remaining to be resolved. Smedley v. Discount
Drug Mart, Inc., 190 Ohio App.3d 684, 2010-Ohio-5665, ¶ 11 (12th Dist.). "In determining
whether a genuine issue of material fact exists, the evidence must be construed in favor of
the nonmoving party." Assured Admin., LLC v. Young, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2019-04-
039, 2019-Ohio-3953, ¶ 14, citing Vanderbilt v. Pier 27, L.L.C., 12th Dist. Butler No.
CA2013-02-029, 2013-Ohio-5205, ¶ 8.
-3- Butler CA2020-12-128
{¶ 7} This court recently reiterated the long-standing, well-established principle that
"'[t]o establish negligence in a slip and fall case, it is incumbent upon the plaintiff to identify
or explain the reason for the fall.'" Matthews v. Tex. Roadhouse Mgmt. Corp., 12th Dist.
Butler No. CA2020-03-037, 2020-Ohio-5229, ¶ 8, quoting Stamper v. Middletown Hosp.
Assn., 65 Ohio App.3d 65, 67-68 (12th Dist.1989). In this case, just as the trial court found,
Spitzer did not present sufficient evidence to identify what caused her to slip and fall, either
personally or by any outside witnesses. "Where the plaintiff, either personally or by outside
witnesses, cannot identify what caused her slip and fall, a finding of negligence on the part
of the defendant is precluded." Koop v. Speedway SuperAmerica, LLC, 12th Dist. Warren
No. CA2008-09-110, 2009-Ohio-1734, ¶ 17, citing O'Brien v. Bob Evans Farms, Inc., 11th
Dist. Trumbull No. 2003-T-106, 2004-Ohio-6948, ¶ 23; and Smith v. Reschs Bakery, 10th
Dist. Franklin No. 87AP-897, 1987 Ohio App. LEXIS 10048, *5-*6 (Dec. 10, 1987) (appellant
could not maintain a cause of action in negligence in a slip and fall case where "appellant
really had no idea why she fell" and could not "identify the cause of her fall"). Therefore,
because Spitzer cannot specifically identify what caused her to fall – other than assuming
that the soles of her shoes were wet due to her having just walked over wet pavement to
get inside the restaurant prior to her fall – a finding of negligence on the part of Frisch's
simply cannot be had. Spitzer's claim otherwise lacks merit.
{¶ 8} In so holding, we note that, based solely on the fact that she slipped and fell
in a Frisch's restaurant, Spitzer alleges that there must have been "some form of a slippery
condition" caused by a foreign "substance," possibly grease, on the restaurant's floor. This,
according to Spitzer, creates a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Frisch's can be
held responsible for her injuries. However, contrary to Spitzer's claim, "[n]o presumption or
inference of negligence arises from the mere happening of an accident or from the mere
fact that an injury occurred." Titenok v. Wal-Mart Stores East, Inc., 10th Dist. Franklin No.
-4- Butler CA2020-12-128
12AP-799, 2013-Ohio-2745, ¶ 8. In other words, "[t]he fact that a business invitee," in this
case Spitzer, "is injured in an accident does not give rise to a presumption of negligence by
the owner or occupier of the premises." Brooks v. Jo Ann Stores, Inc., 12th Dist. Butler No.
CA2001-05-107, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 5102, *3 (Nov. 13, 2001), citing Parras v. Standard
Oil Co., 160 Ohio St. 315, 319 (1953) ("[t]he mere happening of an accident gives rise to
no presumption of negligence"). Therefore, while it may be true that Spitzer was injured
after she slipped and fell in a Frisch's restaurant, that fact, standing alone, does not mean
Frisch's must be held liable for Spitzer's injuries resulting from that slip and fall.
{¶ 9} Regardless, even assuming Spitzer was correct in her assertions that there
was a foreign "substance" on the restaurant's floor, and that the foreign "substance" was,
in fact, grease, Spitzer failed to provide any evidence indicating how the grease was spilled
onto the restaurant's floor, who spilled the grease on the floor, and for how long the grease
may have been on the floor. Just as it is incumbent upon the plaintiff in a slip and fall case
to identify or explain the reason for his or her fall, Matthews, 2020-Ohio-5229 at ¶ 8, it is
also incumbent upon the plaintiff in a slip and fall case to introduce evidence demonstrating
that: "(1) the defendant was responsible for placing or creating the hazard, (2) the defendant
had actual notice of the hazard and failed to give the plaintiff adequate notice of its presence
or remove it promptly, or (3) that the hazard had existed for a sufficient length of time as to
warrant the imposition of constructive notice, i.e., the hazard should have been found by
the defendant." Anderson v. Jancoa Janitorial Servs., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2019-01-
018, 2019-Ohio-3617, ¶ 27, citing Baker v. Meijer Stores L.P., 12th Dist. Warren No.
CA2008-11-136, 2009-Ohio-4681, ¶ 27. Spitzer failed to do this on all fronts. Therefore,
even assuming Spitzer was correct in her assertions, because Spitzer failed to provide any
evidence as it relates to any of these three elements, a finding of negligence on the part of
Frisch's is precluded. Spitzer's claim otherwise again lacks merit.
-5- Butler CA2020-12-128
{¶ 10} In light of the foregoing, having found no merit to any of Spitzer's claims raised
herein, Spitzer's single assignment of error challenging the trial court's decision to grant
Frisch's motion for summary judgment lacks merit and is overruled.
{¶ 11} Judgment affirmed.
PIPER, P.J., and HENDRICKSON, J., concur.
-6-