South Burlington School District v. Goodrich

382 A.2d 220, 135 Vt. 601, 1977 Vt. LEXIS 687
CourtSupreme Court of Vermont
DecidedDecember 20, 1977
Docket125-76
StatusPublished
Cited by21 cases

This text of 382 A.2d 220 (South Burlington School District v. Goodrich) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Vermont primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
South Burlington School District v. Goodrich, 382 A.2d 220, 135 Vt. 601, 1977 Vt. LEXIS 687 (Vt. 1977).

Opinions

Barney, C.J.

This is an appeal from an order of the Chittenden Superior Court which is before this Court pursuant to an order on report by agreement which certified three questions.1 V.R.A.P. 5(a). The principal issue in this case concerns the statute of limitation, 12 V.S.A. § 511, and reference of that issue to a master (V.R.C.P. 53) for consideration of motions for summary judgment. V.R.C.P. 56.

In 1960, the plaintiff school district contracted with defendant Goodrich for architectural services in the planning, [603]*603design and construction of a junior-senior high school. Later that year, the school district contracted with defendant Cummings for the construction of the school. Cummings, in turn, subcontracted with defendant Rodd for the construction of the building’s roof and Rodd, in turn, obtained the roofing materials from defendant Koppers.

The roof was completed on July 28, 1961; construction of the building was substantially completed in December 1961 with possession and occupancy occurring shortly thereafter. On June 7, 1962, defendant Koppers issued a 25-year roof bond guaranteeing that the roof had been installed to its specifications. On August 3, 1962, defendant Goodrich certified that defendant Cummings had complied with the terms of its construction contract except for certain items of a corrective nature. Prior to this certification, leaks were experienced around the sky dome flashing and also around an expansion joint where the lobby roof joined the wall next to the gymnasium block. These leaks were the subject of correspondence between several of the parties and defendant Rodd undertook repairs. Subsequently, in 1962 or 1963, defendant Goodrich certified that the construction was in accordance with the plans and specifications.

On March 1, 1966, leaks in the roof over the entire gymnasium area were discovered, and subsequent inspection revealed that their cause was a series of long splits in the built-up roofing over the gymnasium area.

The plaintiff, now appellant, school district commenced this civil action against architect Goodrich on February 29, 1972, claiming damages of $250,000 resulting from a defective roof. Defendants Cummings, Rodd and Koppers were joined by subsequent amendment of the complaint, which included a demand for a jury trial.

Pursuant to V.R.C.P. 12(d), the plaintiff school district moved for a hearing on the affirmative defense that the action was barred by the six-year statute of limitations (12 V.S.A. § 511) applicable to both tort and contract actions. Union School District No. 20 v. Lench, 134 Vt. 424, 425, 365 A.2d 508 (1976). At a pretrial conference, the parties agreed to prepare a stipulation of facts on the issue of the statute of limitations defense, and the plaintiff agreed to indicate whether it wished to waive its demand for a jury trial. Later, the plaintiff [604]*604informed the court of its willingness to waive jury trial on the statute of limitations question. However, when the parties failed to agree so that no stipulation was forthcoming, the plaintiff sought to rescind its earlier waiver and reinstitute its demand for a jury trial.

On March 20, 1974, the plaintiff school district moved to amend its complaint and to add an additional count with respect to a contractual guarantee against defendants Cummings and Rodd, as well as Koppers. This motion was denied. As will be noted, this motion was renewed and again denied on November 10, 1975.

A subsequent hearing was held on May 10, 1974, for consideration of various motions concerning the statute of limitations question and the demand for a jury trial, at which time the presiding judge invited the defendant parties to submit motions for summary judgment on the limitations defense. Those motions were filed and on June 10, 1974, despite plaintiff’s insistence that the factual issues relating to the limitations defense be tried before a jury, the matter was referred to a master (V.R.C.P. 53) who issued his findings of fact and conclusions of law which held that the statute of limitations barred the action. Thereafter, the trial court issued an order dismissing the action on the merits except for two counts relating to defendant Koppers, and permission to make this interlocutory appeal was granted.

We first direct our attention to the statute of limitations question, the issue central to this litigation. The parties acknowledge that the applicable time period in bar is six years. 12 V.S.A. § 511. Their dispute concerns the fixing of the event which triggers the running of the time period. Resolution of this dispute rests in our construction of the phrase, “shall be commenced within six years after the cause of action accrues.”

Since Murray v. Allen, 103 Vt. 373, 376, 154 A. 678, 679 (1931), the rule in Vermont, except where modified by statute, has been that the cause of action accrues when the act upon which the legal action is based took place and not when the damage became known. The appellant essentially argues that this Court should abandon that rule and adopt a so-called discovery rule so that the cause of action accrues when a party discovers, or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should have [605]*605discovered, its injury. The appellant directs us to well-reasoned authority in the statutory and decisional law of sister states demonstrating this trend in the law. Nevertheless, we decline to adopt a discovery rule for the reasons outlined below.

The reason for our refusal to reverse Murray was succinctly outlined in Union School District No. 20 v. Lench, 134 Vt. 424, 365 A.2d 508 (1976). In that case, we were asked to adopt a liberal discovery rule under the general statute. That proposal would have commenced the statutory period running at a time when the cause of the matter complained of was discovered. While our discussion there alluded to the persuasiveness of the arguments in favor of some narrower discovery rule, we were convinced that the General Assembly had been exposed to this issue previously and had chosen only to amend Vermont law in a limited way.2 That reason obtains equally here. Coupled with legislative inaction since Lench, we take this to indicate a rejection of the application of a discovery rule to other circumstances and accordingly do not expand by judicial construction the instances in which discovery shall be the appropriate standard.

In this litigation, a review of the chronology of events reveals that the suit was commenced on February 29, 1972. (Defendants Cummings, Rodd and Koppers were added by an amendment to the complaint which related back to the date of filing of the original complaint.) For the statute of limitations not to bar the action, it would be necessary for any cause of action to have accrued within six years prior to that date, i.e., after February 28, 1966.3 It is clear from the record that the construction project was completed, that the building was occupied and that the construction was certified to be in accordance with the plans and specifications by 1962 or 1963. Thus, as a matter of law, an action for defective construction based upon either negligence or the construction contract would be barred. This is implicit in the appellant’s discovery rule [606]

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South Burlington School District v. Goodrich
382 A.2d 220 (Supreme Court of Vermont, 1977)

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Bluebook (online)
382 A.2d 220, 135 Vt. 601, 1977 Vt. LEXIS 687, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/south-burlington-school-district-v-goodrich-vt-1977.