SolarWorld Americas, Inc. v. United States

125 F. Supp. 3d 1318, 2015 CIT 137, 2015 Ct. Intl. Trade LEXIS 137, 2015 WL 8731040

• Court: United States Court of International Trade
• Decided: December 11, 2015
• Docket: Slip Op. 15-137; Court 13-00007
• Status: Published

Opinion

OPINION

Pogue, Senior Judge:

In this case, Plaintiff SolarWorld Americas Incorporated (“SolarWorld”) chai lenges the United States Department of Commerce’s (“Commerce”) determination, during the countervailing duty (“CVD”) investigation of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells (“solar cells”) from the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”), to defer examination of two subsidy allegations until a subsequent administrative review. 2

The court has jurisdiction pursuant to Section 516A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a)(2)(B)(i) (2012), 3 and 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c) (2012).

As explained below, because the challenged agency determinations are based on a reasonable reading of the record evidence and free of error of law or judgment, and are therefore not an abuse of the agency’s.discretion, Commerce’s Final Determination in this CVD investigation is sustained.

BACKGROUND

“A countervailing duty investigation shall be initiated whenever [Commerce] determines, from information available to it, that a formal investigation is warranted into the question of whether the elements necessary for the imposition of a duty under [19 U.S.C. § 1671(a) ] exist.” 4 In this case, Commerce initiated a CVD proceeding based on SolarWorld’s petition, which initially covered twenty-seven separate Chinese government programs that Solar-World alleged provided countervailable subsidies to the respondents during the POI. 5 Thereafter, SolarWorld submitted additional allegations regarding the aluminum extrusions and glass used to assemble solar cells into solar panels or modules. These latter two allegations are the subject of this dispute. Relevant background with respect to each of these allegations is presented below.

7. Aluminum Extrusions

SolarWorld’s initial petition included an allegation that the Chinese government was providing primary aluminum to producers of subject merchandise for less than adequate remuneration. 6 Respond ing to Commerce’s inquiries regarding this allegation, however, both mandatory respondents in Commerce’s investigation 7 stated that they purchased and used extruded aluminum, rather than primary aluminum, in producing the subject merchandise , during the POI. 8 SolarWorld then, on February 14, 2012 (Commerce’s .extended deadline for new subsidy allegations 9 ), submitted a new subsidy allegation, claiming that the Chinese government was providing aluminum extrusions to respondents for less, than adequate remuneration during the POI. 10 Finding no support on the record for an alleged price differential or other information indicating that aluminum extrusions were being sold to respondents at less than adequate prices, however, 11 Commerce determined that SolarWorld’s allegation failed to satisfy the statutory requirements for initiation of a petition-based investigation pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b). 12 Accordingly, Commerce determined not to initiate., an investigation of this alleged subsidy. 13

In response, on May 15, 2012, Solar-World submitted new factual information regarding aluminum extrusion' prices, to support its February 14, 2012, allegation. 14 Commerce, however, determined that, at this point in the proceeding,1 insufficient timé remainéd to complete the investigation of aluminum extrusions, and as such declined to initiate' this additional investigation, 15 noting that the decision not- to initiate was “in no way a comment on the merits of' [the] allegationf' ], which [Solar-World] may resubmit at the outset of any administrative review, if an order is issued in this proceeding.” 16 SolarWorld now challenges Commerce’s decision not to initiate an investigation into SolarWorld’s aluminum extrusions subsidy allegation, and instead to defer consideration of this allegation until the next administrative review. 17

II. Glass

Meanwhile, on December 5, 2011, Solar-World also submitted an additional subsidy allegation claiming that the Chinese government provided glass to Chinese solar cell producers for less-than-adequate remuneration during the POI. 18 Commerce, however, determined not to initiate an investigation of this * additional allegation, finding the allegation deficient because (1) it did not provide any information regarding the specific type of glass used in the production' of subject merchandise, or explain why such information was not available; (2) it was not accompanied by documentation necessary to support the claim that several Chinese glass producers are state-owned enterprises; (3) it was not accompanied, by actual source documentation supporting the allegation of benefit; and (4) the allegation of- specificity 19 . was unsupported and unexplained. 20

SolarWorld then re-submitted its subsidy allegation regarding the governmental provision of glass for less than adequate remuneration. 21 In this new submission, SolarWorld alleged that the type of glass used in the production of subject merchandise “is a type of flat glass called ‘float glass,’” 22 which is “made through the ‘float process,’ in which glass is formed on a bath of molten tin.” 23 To support its allegation that respondents received a benefit 24 from the governmental provision of glass, SolarWorld argued that “Chinese [solar cell] producers purchase float glass from [state-owned enterprises] at below-market prices,” 25 and supported its claim with pricing data exclusively specific to float glass. 26

Based on this re-submitted glass subsidy allegation, Commerce determined to initiate “an investigation of the allegation with respect to the [Government of China]’s provision of float glass for [less than adequate remuneration].” 27 Responding to the agency’s questionnaires, however, both mandatory respondents reported that “rolled glass,” as distinct from float glass, was the major input used in their solar modules. 28 In reply, SolarWorld then sought to amend the scope of the investigation, “to cover all glass used by Chinese respondents in their production of subject merchandise,” 29 arguing that Commerce’s limitation of the investigation to float glass was “not fully reflective of Petitioner’s allegation,” 30 or, in the alternative, requesting permission to submit an additional allegation specific to rolled glass. 31

Commerce rejected SolarWorld’s contention that the subsidy allegation on which Commerce based its initiation was sufficient to cover types of glass beyond float glass, emphasizing that the “initiation memorandum stated clearly that the investigation was limited to float glass” 32 because “[t]he information provided by [SolarWorld] pertained solely to float glass, which is clearly distinct from rolled glass,” 33 and as such “there was no basis to expand the allegation to cover rolled glass.” 34

In addition, Commerce also denied SolarWorld permission to submit additional glass subsidy allegations, explaining that investigations into whether an input is being provided for less than adequate remuneration “require gathering detailed information concerning the ownership and management of numerous producers supplying the input, evaluating extensive purchase information, and conducting extensive analysis of the input market and research into possible benchmarks,” 35 and as such “are particularly time consuming and would be difficult to complete at such a late stage in an investigation.” 36

Acknowledging that the agency may examine practices that appear to be countervailable subsidies discovered at any time during the course of an investigation, Commerce explained that it has the authority in such circumstances to “defer examination of any such practice if there is insufficient time remaining before the final determination,” 37 and noted that the agency’s “rejection of [SolarWorld]’s arguments is in no way a comment on the merits of those allegations, which [SolarWorld] may resubmit at the outset, of any administrative review, if an order is issued in this proceeding.” 38

Because the value of each respondent’s total purchases of float glass during the POI was less than 0.005 percent of their respective total sales, Commerce found that “any benefit from this program would have no impact on the overall subsidy rate.” 39 Commerce therefore determined not to include the governmental provision of float glass within the agency’s net subsidy calculations in this investigation. 40

SolarWorld now claims that “Commerce’s interpretation of SolarWorld’s allegation as solely pertaining to float glass, which respondents largely did not use, was unreasonable, and its failure to investigate the Chinese government’s provision for [less than adequate remuneration] of the glass used by respondents ... was unlawful.” 41

Following a brief statement of the relevant standards of review, SolarWorld’s claims are addressed below.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The court 'vill sustain Commerce’s countervailing duty determinations if they are supported by substantial evidence and are otherwise in accordance with, law. 42 Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion,” 43 and the substantial evidence standard of review “can be translated i-oughly to mean, ‘is [the determination] unreasonable?’ ” 44 .

Where the statute and regulations leave the agency with some freedom to usé its judgment, the court reviews such decisions for abuse of discretion. 45 “An abuse of discretion occurs where the decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of the law, on factual findings that are not supported by substantial evidence, or represent an unreasonable judgment in weighing relevant factors.” 46

DISCUSSION

When an interested party like Solar-World 47 files a timely 48 petition that (1) alleges all elements necessary for the imposition of a countervailing duty pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1671(a); and (2) “is accompanied by information reasonably available to the petitioner supporting those allegations,” 49 Commerce must initiate an investigation into “whether the elements necessary for the imposition of a duty under [19 U.S.C. § 1671(a) ] exist.” 50 Where this is not the case, but Commerce nevertheless “discovers [in the course of a CVD proceeding] a practice which appears to be a countervailable subsidy [with respect to the merchandise which is the subject of the proceeding],” 51 then Commerce “shall include the practice, subsidy, or subsidy program in the proceeding,” 52 as long as Commerce “concludes that sufficient time remains before the scheduled date for the final determination.” 53 If Commerce concludes that insufficient time remains, however, then the agency may defer its examination until a subsequent administrative review, if any. 54

Here, SolarWorld argues that Commerce unreasonably decided to defer until the next administrative review .its investigations into the Chinese government’s alleged provision of aluminum extrusions and rolled glass to producers of subject merchandise-for less than adequate remuneration. 55 Specifically, SolarWorld argues, first, that its latest timely aluminum extrusions and glass allegations both satisfied the requirements of 19 U.S.C. §§ 1671a(b)(l) • and 1671(a), such that. Commerce was required to initiate investigations into these allegations during this CVD proceeding; 56 or, - in the alternative, that even if these allegations were deficient under 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b)(l), Commercé unreasonably determined that insufficient time remained .to permit SolarWorld to file additional allegations, - or to examine these allegations as discovered practices that appear to be countervailable subsidies, pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677d. 57 Each argument is addressed in turn below.

I. Petitiónr-Baséd Initiation Under 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b): Deficiencies in SolarWorld’s Timely Glass and Aluminum Extrusions Allegations

First, SolarWorld challenges Commerce’s determinations that SolarWorld’s latest timely subsidy allegations regarding aluminum extrusions and non-float glass did not sufficiently allege and document all elements necessary for the imposition of countervailing duties. 58 Specifically, with-regard to SolarWorld’s latest timely aluminum extrusions allegation,- Commerce found that the element of ‘benefit conferred’ was improperly alleged because -it lacked supporting documentation. 59 With regard to glass, Commerce found that the type of glass with respect to which Solar-World alleged and documented sufficient information to initiate an investigation was purchased in such negligible quantities by the mandatory respondents that any benefit therefrom would not affect the overall subsidy rate, and the allegation did not sufficiently allege and document all necessary elements with respect to any other type of glass. 60 SolarWorld challenges each of these determinations.

A Aluminum Extrusions

SolarWorld claims that Commerce improperly declined to initiate a petition-based investigation under 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b) into whether aluminum extrusions were being provided to respondents for less than adequate remuneration during the POI. 61 But as Commerce explained, SolarWorld’s timely allegation regarding the provision of aluminum extrusions failed to satisfy the requirements for initiation under 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b), because it did not provide any support for its pricing assertions. 62 Section 1671a(b)(l) requires Commerce to initiate CVD investigations when an interested party alleges all of “the elements necessary for the imposition of the duty” pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1671(a), and provides evidentiary support for each of those allegations. 63 One of these necessary elements requires an allegation, supported with evidence, that “a benefit is ... conferred” by the governmental provision of aluminum extrusions. 64 Such a benefit may be demonstrated by price comparisons showing that the prices paid by respondents to the Chinese government constitute “less than adequate remuneration.” 65

Here, Commerce determined that SolarWorld failed to satisfy the requirements for initiation pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b)(l) because there was no “supporting documentation on the record for the alleged price differential,” 66 nor any other record evidence “which indicates that aluminum extrusions are being sold at low prices in the PRC.” 67 SolarWorld argues that this determination was unreasonable because SolarWorld alleged actual prices in the narrative portion of its allegation, “demonstrating the significant benefit received by Chinese solar producers during the POI.” 68 But accepting this argument would undermine the statutory requirement that not only must the Petitioner allege all of the necessary elements, but the allegations must also be accompanied with reasonably available evidentiary support. 69 SolarWorld’s allegation provided no sources for either the average U.S. export price or the average Chinese import price alleged. 70 As such, SolarWorld did not “support[ ] those allegations.” 71

Next, SolarWorld argues that Commerce unreasonably found no support for the benefit element in SolarWorld’s timely aluminum extrusions allegation, because the allegation “included significant, documented information on the Chinese government’s ownership of China’s aluminum industry and on the policies instituted by the Chinese government to manage aluminum prices,” 72 which SolarWorld argues “provided further support for the pricing data included in the allegation.” 73 But the sources provided in this portion of the allegation give no specific information regarding aluminum extrusion pricing during the POI. 74 And while the allegation asserts that the Chinese government “manages basic supply and demand in electrolytic aluminum (i.e., primary aluminum),” 75 and that “low prices are passed on from the primary aluminum producers through the aluminum extrusion producers to other downstream users,” 76 the allegation pro vides ,no evidence of actual pricing during the relevant time period. 77

Finally, SolarWorld argues that Commerce itself should have filled in the evidentiary gap, either by extrapolating from the agency’s findings in an entirely separate proceeding (where Commerce found that the Chinese aluminum extrusions industry was benefitting from certain countervailable subsidies during the year prior to the POI here), 78 or by “obtain[ing] the pricing data from the International Trade Commission’s publicly available and easily accessible DataWeb service.” 79 But Commerce’s previous .finding, on the record of a separate proceeding, that some Chinese aluminum extrusions producers were benefitting from certain governmental subsidies does not in itself constitute evidence that the Chinese solar panel industry is therefore benefitting from the governmental provision of aluminum extrusions for less than adequate remuneration. In addition, accepting SolarWorld’s argument that Commerce should have independently researched the publicly available pricing data would distort the burden of production placed on SolarWorld, as the interested • party petitioning Commerce to investigate its. subsidy allegation, .to allege all necessary elements for the imposition of a countervailing duty, including the element of benefit conferred, and to support each element with reasonably available evidence. 80 Under Section 1671a(b)(l), it is not for Commerce to seek out evidence supporting the interested party’s petition; rather, it is the interested party’s burden to state and provide reasonably available evidentiary support for each legal element of the alleged countervailable subsidy to be investigated. 81 Requiring that Commerce itself should have researched the International Trade Commission’s available price data to establish the evidentiary support for Solar-World’s allegation has the untenable effect of -negating the statutory requirement that petitioners themselves supply the reasonably available evidence when petitioning for the initiation of specific subsidy investigations pursuant to Section 1671a(b)(l). 82

Accordingly, because the record here supports Commerce’s conclusion that SolarWorld’s Section 1671a(b)(l) petition to investigate the alleged governmental pro vision of aluminum extrusions to respondents for less than adequate remuneration did not satisfy the requirements for initiation (because-the allegation of benefit conferred was devoid of any evidentiary support), Commerce’s determination not to initiate the investigation pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b)(l), on the basis of Solar-World’s incomplete allegation, is not unreasonable, and is therefore sustained.

B. Glass

SolarWorld also claims that Commerce improperly construed its latest timely glass subsidy allegation to cover solely float glass, rather than rolled or patterned glass. 83 But this argument is belied by the facts. SolarWorld’s latest timely glass subsidy allegation was a renewed allegation that specifically addressed the deficiencies identified by Commerce in SolarWorld’s initial glass allegation, among which was. Commerce’s concern that SolarWorld had failed to specify “the - type •of glass used” in the production of subject merchandise that was allegedly being subsidized by the Chinese government. 84 Responding to this specific concern, SolarWorld’s renewed allegation unambiguously stated that “[t]he glass used in the production of -[subject merchandise] is a type of flat glass called, ‘float glass.’ ” 85 Moreover, this allegation explicitly distinguished float glass from rolled glass, asserting that the type of glass used to produce the subject merchandise is specifically float glass. 86 Finally, all of the pricing information with which SolarWorld supported its allegation that respondents were receiving a benefit from the alleged subsidy was specific to float glass. 87 Accordingly, Commerce found' that SolarWorld had adequately alleged the elements necessary for the imposition of a countervailing duty pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1671(a) solely with respect to float glass. 88 On this record, Commerce’s determination that SolarWorld’s allegations satisfied the requirements for initiation pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b) solely with respect to float glass was not unreasonable. Because this determination comports with a reasonable reading of the record evidence, and is therefore supported by substantial evidence, 89 it is sustained.

II. Commerce Did Not Abuse Its Discretion in Determining to Defer the Investigations.

In the alternative,' SolarWorld argues that even if Commerce correctly concluded that its timely aluminum extrusions and glass subsidy allegations did not meet the requirements for initiation pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b), Commerce should have either permitted SolarWorld to correct and re-submit its deficient allegations, or else self-initiated the investigations pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677d. 90

A. Commerce Did Not Abuse Its Discretion in Determining That Insufficient Time Remained to Permit SolarWorld to Re-Submit Its Deficient Allegations.

The statute vests Commerce with the discretion to determine when and upon which conditions petitioners may amend their subsidy allegations in CVD proceedings. 91 Here, by the time that Commerce’s extended deadline for new subsidy allegations expired, 92 SolarWorld had presented Commerce with at least thirty-four separate subsidy allegations, including five new allegations submitted on the day of the deadline, 93 with less than a month remaining until the agency was then scheduled to present its preliminary results for the parties’ review, 94 and therefore approx imately three months remaining until the then-scheduled final determination. 95 By the time that SolarWorld sought to amend its deficient aluminum extrusions and rolled glass allegations — May 15, 2012, and May 2, 2012, respectively 96 — the re-scheduled deadline for the final determination was less than three months away. 97 And although the deadline for the final determination (newly aligned with the deadline for the final determination in the companion antidumping investigation) was • subsequently postponed, only three and a half months remained by the time of Commerce’s decision that insufficient time remained to permit SolarWorld to re-file or to self-initiate pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677d. 98 Having found SolarWorld’s latest timely aluminum extrusions and non-float glass subsidy allegations to fall short of the requirements for initiation under 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b), 99 Commerce determined that “there was simply not enough time to allow [SolarWorld] to re-file its allegations and collect and analyze the information necessary,” 100 which typically “amounts to several hundred pages of documents that must be analyzed once all questionnaires have been answered,” 101 in a proceeding that, even without these additional allegations, was already “extraordinarily complicated.” 102

SolarWorld argues that Commerce unreasonably determined that insufficient time remained to initiate the investigations after finding SolarWorld’s latest timely aluminum extrusions and glass allegations to be deficient. 103 But “agencies with statutory enforcement responsibilities enjoy broad discretion in allocating investigative and enforcement resources,” 104 and here Commerce was already occupied with investigating, .within strict statutory deadlines, 105 dozens.of SolarWorld’s additional subsidy allegations. 106 Because Commerce’s conclusion that insufficient time remained to permit SolarWorld to re-file its subsidy allegations after the latter were found to =be deficient was not demonstrably “an unreasonable judgment in weighing [the] relevant factors,” 107 Commerce did not abuse its discretion in so concluding. 108 And while SolarWorld argues that Commerce acted arbitrarily, because the agency- permitted certain respondents to cure deficiencies in their questionnaire responses, 109 Commerce did not “treat[] similar situations differently,” 110 because the agency had in fact also permitted Solar-World to cure the deficiencies in both its initial aluminum and glass allegations, and had extended the deadlines to permit SolarWorld to do so. 111

B, Commerce Did Not Abuse Its Discretion in Determining That Insufficient Time Remained to Self-Initiate Under 19 U.S.C. § 1677d.

Next, SolarWorld argues that Commerce should have nevertheless initiated investigations into whether the Chinese government provided aluminum extrusions and rolled glass to respondents for less than adequate remuneration, pursuant to the agency’s authority under 19- U.S.C. § 1677d, arguing that Commerce had more than enough time in which to self-initiate and complete these additional investigations in this proceeding. 112

Commerce acknowledged its “authority to examine practices that appear to be. countervailable subsidies discovered at any time during the course of an investigation,” 113 but referenced the agency’s regulations in explaining that Commerce may “defer examination of any such practice if there is insufficient time remaining before the final determination.” 114 Finding that insufficient time remained in this proceeding to initiate- these investigations, notwithstanding the evidentiary deficiencies in SolarWorld’s allegations, • Commerce specifically stated that the agency’s “rejection of [SolarWorldj’s arguments is in no way a comment on the merits of those allegations, which [SolarWorld] may resubmit at the outset 'of any administrative review.” 115 And in fact Commerce went on to investigate (and ultimately countervail for) both of these subsidy allegations in the subsequent first administrative review. 116

As discussed above, Commerce’s determinations that SolarWorld’s latest timely aluminum extrusions and rolled glass allegations failed to satisfy the requirements for petition-based initiation are supported by substantial evidence, and the agency did not abuse its discretion in concluding that insufficient time remained in this proceeding to permit SolarWorld to re-file the allegations. 117 The agency is not mandated to unreasonably over-extend itself when faced with limited resources. It follows that Commerce also did not abuse its discretion in concluding that insufficient time remained in this proceeding to self-initiate the investigations. 118 As this Court has previously explained, “a petitioner who does not timely make a [legally complete and sufficient] subsidy allegation, even though it could, risks having Commerce defer its investigation to a subsequent administrative review.” 119 That is exactly what happened here.

Accordingly, because Commerce’s decisions to defer consideration of Solar-World’s untimely aluminum extrusions and rolled glass subsidy allegations until the next administrative review were based on factual findings that are supported by substantial evidence, were not an abuse of the agency’s discretion, and were otherwise free of any legal error, these determinations are sustained.

CONCLUSION

For all of the foregoing reasons, Commerce’s Final Determination is affirmed. Judgment will issue accordingly.

2 . See SolarWorld’s Mot. for J, on the Agency R., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 (conf.version) & 79 (pub.version) ("Pl.’s Br.”); [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], 77 Fed.Reg. 63,788 (Dep’t Commerce Oct. 17, 2012) (final affirmative countervailing duty determination and final affirmative critical circumstances determination) ([‘Final Determination”) and accompanying Issues & Decision Mem., C-570-980, Investigation (Oct. 9, 2012) (“I & D Mem.") cmt. 10 at 36-38. The period of investigation ("POI”) was January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2010. [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], 76 Fed.Reg. 70,966, 70,966 (Dep't Commerce Nov. 16, 2011) (initiation of countervailing duty investigation) (['Initiation Notice").

3 . Further citations to the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, are to the relevant provisions of Title 19 of the U.S.Code, 2012 edition.

4 .19 U.S.C. § 1671a(a).

5 . Initiation Notice, 76 Fed.Reg. at 70,968-69; see 19 U.S.C. § 1671(a) (providing for the imposition of duties "equal to the amount of the net countervailable subsidy”).

6 . See [SolarWorld’s] Pet. for the Imposition of Antidumping & Countervailing Duties Pursuant to Sections 701&731of the Tariff Act of 1930, As Amended, Vol. Ill (Information Relating to the People's Republic of China— Countervailing Duties) [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (Oct. 19, 2011), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-1 at Tab 1 (‘‘SolarWorld’s Initial CVD Petition"), at 39-42 (alleging governmental provision of "primary aluminum” for less than adequate remuneration); Initiation Notice, 76 Fed.Reg. at 70,969 (initiating investigation into "Government Provision of Aluminum for [Less Than Adequate Remuneration]”).

7 . Commerce determined that resource constraint enabled the agency to individually examine no more than two producers/exporters, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], 77 Fed.Reg. 17,439, 17,439 (Dep't Commerce Mar. 26, 2012) (preliminary affirmative countervailing duty determination) (“Prelim. Determination”), and selected Changzhou Trina Solar Energy Co., Ltd. ("Trina Solar”) and Wuxi Suntech Power Co., Ltd. ("Wuxi Suntech”) — the "two largest producers/exporters of subject, merchandise, based on aggregate value, to the United States” — as the two "mandatory respondents.” Id. (citation omitted).

8 . CVD Questionnaire Resp. of [Trina Solar], Vol. I, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (Jan. 31, 2012), reproduced in Def.'s App., ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 11, at III-49 ("Trina Solar only purchased aluminum frames, a kind- of aluminum extrusion. It did not purchase primary aluminum. Moreover, Trina Solar did not purchase such frames from producers of primary aluminum.”); Countervailing Duty Questionnaire Resp. of [Wuxi Suntech], [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (Jan. 31, 2012), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 10, at 35 ("Wuxi Suntech did not purchase virgin aluminum during the POI,'it just purchased aluminum extrusion[s] during the POI.”).

9 . New subsidy allegations were initially due no later than 40 days before the scheduled date of the agency's preliminary determination. 19 C.F.R. .§ 35l,301(d)(4)(i)(A.) (2011). In this case, the scheduled date for the preliminary determination was originally January 12, 2012, see Prelim. Results, 77 Fed.Reg. at 17,440, although that date was ultimately extended to March 26, 2012, id. at 17,439 (effective date). Upon SolarWorld’s request, Commerce extended the deadline for submission of additional subsidy allegations until February 14, 2012. Id. at 17,440. •

10 . [SolarWorld’s] New Subsidy Allegations, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-5.70-980, Investigation (Feb. 15, 2012) (public version), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 13, at 32-44 (“SolarWorld’s 2d Aluminum Allegation')', see Prelim. Determination, 77'Fed Reg. at 17,440 (noting that SolarWorld initially submitted these new subsidy allegations on February 14, 2012).

11 . Analysis of Feb. 14, 2012 New Subsidy Allegations, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, fi-om [China],. C-570-980, Investigation (May 11, 2012), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 21 (“Determ. Not To Initiate Aluminum Extrusions"), at 9; see also id. ("[T]here is no other information on the record regarding possible benchmark prices for aluminum extrusions that could possibly be used to demonstrate a potential benefit.”); see 19 U.S.C. § 1671(a) (providing for the imposition of CVD duties "equal to the amount of the net countervailable subsidy”); id. at § 1677(5)(B) (defining "countervailable subsidy” as requiring, inter alia, that "a benefit is thereby conferred”); id] at § 1677(5)(E)(iv) (defining "benefit conferred,” "in the case where goods or services are provided,” as where "such goods or services are provided for less than adequate remuneration,” and providing that "the adequacy of remuneration shall be determined in relation to prevailing market conditions for the good or service being provided,” where the prevailing market conditions are defined to "include price,, quality, availability, marketability, transportation, and other conditions of purchase or sale”).

12 . See Determ. Not To Initiate Aluminum Extrusions, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 21, at 9; 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b)(l) (requiring petitions for initiating CVD investigations to allege all "elements necessary for the imposition of the duty imposed by [19 U.S.C. § ] 1671(a)”-and to be “accompanied by information reasonably available to the petitioner supporting-those allegations”).

13 . Determ. Not To Initiate Aluminum Extrusions, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 21, at 9; see also Post-Prelim. Analysis, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (June 22, 2012), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23 ("Post-Prelim. Determination”), at 15 (explaining that Commerce,. “rejected [Solar-World’s 2d Aluminum Allegation] because it did not document prices Petitioner claimed were being paid inside and outside the PRC for aluminum extrusions”) (citation omitted).

14 . [SolarWorld’s] Comments on the Dep’t’s Analysis of Provision of Aluminum Extrusions for Less than Adequate Remuneration Allegation, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (May 15, 2012), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 22 ("SolarWorld’s 3d Aluminum Allegation"), at 4 & Ex. 1.

15 . Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 15-16.

16 . Id. at 16.

17 . Pl.’s Br„ Consol. . Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79,

18 . [SolarWorld’s] Additional Subsidy Allegation, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (Dec. 5, 2011), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-1 at Tab 2 (‘‘SolarWorld’s 1st Glass Allegation").

19 . See 19 U.S.C. § 1677(5)(A) (providing that a countervailable subsidy must be "specific as described in [19 U.S.C. § 1677](5A)”); id. at § 1677(5A) (defining relevant specificity).

20 . Initiation Analysis of Dec. 5, 2011 Néw Subsidy Allegation, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C- 570-980, Investigation (Dec. 22, 2011), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-1 at Tab 3 ("Rejection of SolarWorld’s 1st Glass Allegation”), at 2-3.

21 . [SolarWorld’s] Re-Submission of Additional Subsidy Allegation, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (Jan. 23, 2012), reproduced in [Conf. & Pub.] App. to SolarWorld's Mot. for J. on the Agency R., Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 80-3 (conf.version) & 81-3 (pub.version) (“Pl.'s App.”) at Tab 22 ("Solar-World’s 2d Glass Allegation").

22 . Id. at 2 (emphasis added).

23 . Id. (citation omitted).

24 . See 19 U.S.C. § 1677(5)(B) (providing that a “countervailable subsidy” requires that ‘‘a benefit” is conferred); id. at § 1677(5)(E)(iv) (providing that a benefit is conferred, inter alia, when "goods or services are provided for less than adequate remuneration”).

25 . SolarWorld's 2d Glass Allegation, ECF Nos. 80-3 & 81-3 at Tab 22, at 6.

26 . Id. (relying on id. at Ex. 2 (U.S. Exports of Float Glass: 2010 Monthly Prices) & Ex. 3 (Float Glass in China: 2010 Monthly Prices)).

27 . Initiation of New Subsidy Allegation on the Provision of Glass for Less Than Adequate Remuneration, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (Mar. 8, 2012), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 14 ([‘Float Glass Initiation"), at 3 (emphasis added).

28 . See Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 -at Tab 23, at 12 ("While Suntech and Trina Solar each reported small purchases of 'float glass,' both respondents reported that ‘rolled glass ’ is the major glass input used in their solar modules, not float glass.”) (emphasis added).

29 . [SolarWorld’s] Comments on the Provision of Glass for Less than Adequate Remuneration Subsidy Allegation & Initiation, [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (May 2, 2012), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 19 ("SolarWorld’s 3d Glass Allegation”), at 3 (emphasis added); see also id. at 4 (requesting that Commerce "amend its notice of initiation to include the provision of all glass used in the production of subject merchandise”).

30 . Id. at 4.

31 . See id. at 5.

32 . Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 15.

33 . I & D Mem. cmt. 10 at 38; see [Suppl. Resp. of Wuxi Suntech], [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, Investigation (Apr. 10, 2012), reproduced in Def.’s App., ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 18, at 2-3 (“During the POI, Wuxi Suntech used both float glass and rolled glass in its module operations. Rolled glass is fundamentally different from float [g]lass____ Specifically, the molding process is entirely different for the two types of' glasses. Rolled glass is produced by pouring molten glass onto two rollers to achieve an even thickness, which process also makes polishing easier, The end-product is used to produce patterned and wired glass. In contrast, float glass is produced by pouring molten glass onto a bed of molten tin and drawing off in continuous ribbon, which process gives high quality flat glass a fire polish finish besides even thickness. As such, rolled glass and float glass are two entirely different products, and thus cannot be treated as one of the same.”).

34 . I & D Mem. cmt. 10 at 38.

35 . Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 16.

36 . Id.

37 . Id. (citing 19 C.F.R. § 351.311(c)).

38

39 . Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No, 44-6 at Tab 23, at 12 (citations omitted).

40 . Id. at 13.

41 . PL’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 32.

42 . See 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(l)(B)(i).

43 . Consol. Edison Co. of N.Y. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229, 59 S.Ct. 206, 83 L.Ed. 126 (1938).

44 . Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 458 F.3d 1345, 1351(Fed.Cir.2006) (citation omitted, alteration in the original).

45 . See, e.g., Wuhu Fenglian Co. v. United States, 36 CIT -, 836 F.Supp.2d 1398, 1403 (2012).

46 . WelCorn Prods., Inc. v. United States, 36 CIT -, 865 F.Supp.2d 1340, 1344 (2012) (citing Star Fruits S.N.C. v. United States, 393 F.3d 1277, 1281 (Fed.Cir.2005)).

47 . See 19 U.S.C. § 1677(9)(C) (defining "interested party” as, inter alia, "a manufacturer, producer, or wholesaler in the United States of a domestic like product”); Compl., ECF No. 8, at ¶ 3 (stating that SolarWorld "is a manufacturer of the domestic like product in the United States”).

48 . See 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b)(l) (providing that "[t]he petition may be amended at such time, and upon such conditions, as [Commerce] may permit”).

49

50 . Id. at §§ 1671a(a)-(b)(l) (providing that "[a] countervailing duty proceeding shall be initiated ” under such circumstances) (emphasis added).

51 . 19 U.S.C. § 1677d.

52 . Id. at § 1677d(l).

53 . 19 C.F.R. § 351.311(b). The validity .of this regulation is uncontested here. See Pl.’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009,' ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 24 (relying on this regulation); cf, e.g., Vt. Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Nat Res. Def. Council, Inc., 435 U.S. 519, 543, 98 S.Ct. 1197, 55 L.Ed.2d 460 (1978) ("Absent consti-' tutional constraints or extremely compelling circumstances the administrative agencies should be free to fashion their own rules of procedure and to pursue methods of inquiry capable of permitting them to discharge their • multitudinous duties.’.’) (quotation marks and citation omitted).

54 . 19 C.F.R. § 351.311(c).

55 . See Pl.’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 13-39; cf. Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No, 44-6 at Tab 23, at 15-16 (unchanged in the Final Determination, 77 Fed.Reg. 63,788;./ & D Mem. cmt. 10 at 36-38). ’ .

56 . See Pl.’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 15-17 (arguing that Commerce improperly determined that Solar-World’s timely aluminum extrusions allegation was deficient); id. at 29-32 (arguing that Commerce improperly determined that Solar-World’s timely glass allegation was limited to float glass, which the respondents purchased only in negligible quantities, rather than all glass used by the respondents).

57 . See id. at 17-23 (arguing that Commerce unreasonably denied SolarWorld permission to file additional information' regarding its aluminum extrusions allegation); id. at 23-29 (arguing that Commerce improperly failed to initiate an examination of apparent aluminum extrusions subsidies pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677d); 'id. at 32-34 (arguing that Commerce unreasonably denied SolarWorld permission to file additional information regarding its glass allegation); id. at 34-39 (arguing that Commerce improperly failed to initiate an examination of apparent rolled/pattemed glass subsidies pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677d).

58 . See Pl.’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 15-17-, 29-32. -

59 . Determ. Not To Initiate Aluminum Extrusions, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 21, at 9; Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 15 (explaining that Commerce "rejected [SolarWorld’s Feb. 14, 2012 aluminum extrusions] allegation because it did not document prices Petitioner claimed were being paid inside and outside the PRC for aluminum extrusions”) (citation omitted) (unchanged in the Final Determination, 77 Fed. Reg. 63,788; I & D Mem. cmt. 10 at 36-38); see supra Background Section I.

60 . Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 12-13; I & D Mem. cmt. 10 at 38; see supra Background Section II.

61 . PL’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 &79, at 13-17.

62 . See Determ. Not To Initiate Aluminum Extrusions, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 21, at 9; Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 15.

63 . 19 U.S.C. § 1671 a(b)(l).

64 . See 19 U.S.C. § 1677(5)(B) (defining "countervailable subsidy” as requiring that, inter alia, "a benefit is thereby conferred”).

65 . Id. at § 1677(5)(E)(iv) (defining "benefit conferred,” "in the case where goods or services are provided,” as where "such goods or services are’ provided for less than adequate remuneration”).

66 . Determ. Not To Initiate Aluminum Extrusions, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 21, at 9.

67

68 . See PL’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 16 (citing SolarWorld’s 2d Aluminum Allegation, ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 13, at 42).

69 . 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b)(l).

70 . SolarWorld’s 2d Aluminum Allegation, ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 13, at 42 & nn. 106-107 (providing no source for the Chinese import prices which SolarWorld claimed to be using "as a proxy for domestic Chinese prices,” and citing to “ITC Report” for the U.S. export prices that SolarWorld claimed to be using "as a proxy for world price”); Ex. 19, to SolarWorld’s 2d Aluminum Allegation, ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 13 (the sole report from the International Trade Commission ("ITC”) that was appended to SolarWorld’s submission, making no mention of prices for aluminum extrusions); see Determ. Not To Initiate Aluminum Extrusions, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 21, at 9 & n.13 ("[SolarWorld] cites to an ITC report attached to its allegation to support its world export price[;] however, this report does not address aluminum, and contains no price data. We were unable to locate this price anywhere else in the submission or in previous submissions ..., and there is no other information on the record regarding possible benchmark prices for aluminum extrusions that could possibly be used to demonstrate a potential benefit.”) (noting that although SolarWorld also "did not provide a citation for the figure it relied on for the PRC domestic price,” Commerce "was able to locate this figure as the POI average unit value of imported aluminum extrusions reported by the [Government of China] in [a prior submission]”).

71

72 . PL's Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 16 (citing SolarWorld’s 2d Aluminum Allegation, ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 13, at 34-42).

73

74 . See SolarWorld’s 2d Aluminum Allegation, ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 13, at 34-35 (relying on Ex. Ill — 69 ("Notice of Guidelines on Accelerating the Adjustment of Aluminum Industry Structure,” Fa Gai Yun Xing No. 589 (2006)) to SolarWorld’s Initial CVD Petition, ECF No. 44-1 at Tab 1 Ex. Ill — 69 ("Notice of Guide lines’’) (omitted from PL’s App., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 80 & 81 at Tab 3) (providing no information regarding aluminum extrusion prices during the POl)); id. at 36-42 (providing no additional sources for aluminum extrusion prices during the POI).

75 . Id. at 34 (citing Notice of Guidelines, ECF No. 44-1 at Tab 1 Ex. Ill — 69, without providing a pinpoint citation).

76 . Id. (providing no citation for this proposition, but citing Notice of Guidelines, ECF No. 44-1 at Tab 1 Ex. Ill — 69, without providing a pinpoint citation, for the assertion that "[t]he plan specifically addresses aluminum extrusions,” id. at 34-35).

77 . See id. at 34-43.

78 . Pl.’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 16 (citing Aluminum Extrusions from the [PRC], 76 Fed.Reg. 30,653 (Dep’t Commerce May 26, 2011) (countervailing duty order)); see' SolarWorld’s 2d Aluminum Allegation, ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 13, at 35-36 (arguing that because Commerce "has recently found the provision of primary aluminum for less than adequate remuneration to be a countervailable subsidy in Aluminum Extrusions from China,” Commerce "should find the provision of aluminum extrusions for less than adequate remuneration to provide a countervailable subsidy in this investigation”) (citing Issues & Decision Mem., Aluminum Extrusions from the [PRC], C-57.0-968, Investigation (Mar. 28, 2011) (adopted in 76 Fed. Reg. 18,521 (Dep’t Commerce Apr. 4, 2011) (final affirmative countervailing duty determination) ("Aluminum Extrusions from China Final CVD Determination”))) at 32-36; compare Aluminum Extrusions from China Final CVD Determination, 76 Fed.Reg. at 18,521 (providing the POI in the aluminum extrusions case' to have been January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2009), with Notice of Initiation, 76 Fed.Reg. at 70,966 (providing the POI in the CVD proceeding here to have been January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2010).

79 . See Pl.’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-000Ú9, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 17 (citation omitted).

80 . See 19 U.S.C. §§ 1671a(b)(l), 1677(5)(B).

81 . See 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b)(l).

82 . See id.

83 . Pl.’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 29-32.

84 . Rejection of SolarWorld’s 1st Glass Allegation, ECF No. 44-1 at Tab 3, at 2 (emphasis added).

85 . SolarWorld’s 2d Glass Allegation, Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 80-3 & 81-3 at Tab 22, at 2 (emphasis added).

86 . Id. ("Depending on the manufacturing process used, flat glass comes either as float glass, sheet glass or rolled glass. The glass typically used in [the subject merchandise] is float glass, made through the ‘float process,’ in which glass is formed on a bath of molten tin.”) (emphasis added, quotation marks and citations omitted).

87 . Id. at 6 (relying on id. at Exs. 2 & 3 to support pricing allegations); id. at Ex. 2 (providing 2010 monthly prices for “U.S. exports of float glass ". (emphasis added)); id. at Ex. 3 (providing 2010 monthly prices for "float glass in China,” sourced from the "China • Glass Network, average of prices for 4mm thickness float glass ” (emphasis added)). ■

88 . Float Glass Initiation, ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 14, at 3 ("[SolarWorld] has provided information that indicates that float glass is provided through [state-owned enterprises] for [less than adequáte remuneration].") (emphasis added). ’

89 . See Nippon Steel, 458 F.3d at 1351.

90 . PL’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 17-29, 32-39.

91 . 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b)(l) (providing that petitions to initiate investigations of specific subsidy allegations "may be amended at such time, and upon such conditions, as [Commerce] may permit”).

92 . See supra note 9 (providing relevant background and citations); Def.'s Resp. in Opp’n to PL’s Mot. for J. Upon the Admin. R., ECF No. 43 ("Def.’s Br.”) at 4 (providing more detailed information in this regard, with relevant citations to the record).

93 . See Initiation Notice, 76 Fed.Reg. at 70,-968-69 (listing twenty-seven separate subsidy allegations at initiation on November 16, 2011); SolarWorld’s 1st Glass Allegation, ECF No. 44-1 at Tab 2 (additional allegation submitted on December 5, 2011); SolarWorld’s 2d Glass Allegation, Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 80-3 & 81-3 at Tab 22 (additional allegation submitted on January 23, 2012); Prelim. Determination, 77 Fed.Reg. at 17,440 ("Based on [a] request from [Solar-World], [Commerce] extended the deadline until February 14, 2012, for submitting additional subsidy allegations.... On February 14, 2012, [SolarWorld] submitted five additional new subsidy allegations."). The twenty-seven initial allegations, plus the December 5, 2011, glass allegation, plus the January 31, 2012, additional glass allegation, plus the five additional February 14, 2012, allegations add up to a total of thirty-four.

94 . See Prelim. Determination, 77 Fed.Reg. at 17,440 (noting that the extended the deadline for submission of additional subsidy allegations was February 14, 2012); [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], 77 Fed.Reg. 4764, 4765 (Dep’t Commerce Jan. 31, 2012) (second postponement of preliminary determination in the countervailing duty investigation) ("2d Postponement") (announcing the latest postponement as of the February 14, 2012, new subsidy deadline; postponing the preliminary determination, at SolarWorld’s second request, until March 2, 2012). Subsequently, the preliminary determination was postponed again because, “[d]ue to the number of companies and the complexity of the alleged countervail-able subsidy practices being investigated,” this CVD investigation was deemed "extraordinarily complicated.” [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], 77 Fed.Reg. 10,478, 10,478 (Dep’t Commerce Feb. 22, 2012) (postponement of preliminary determination in the countervailing duty investigation) ("3d Postponement") (postponing the preliminary determination until March 19, 2012); but see Prelim. Determination, 77 Fed.Reg. at 17,439 (providing an effective date of March 26, 2012). When Commerce issued its preliminary determination, the agency had not yet reached a determination as to the five new subsidy allegations submitted by SolarWorld on the day of the final extended new subsidy deadline, Prelim. Determination, 77 Fed.Reg. at 17,440, but had already determined that, even without these timely new allegations, “the investigation [was] extraordinarily complicated.” 3d Postponement, 77 Fed.Reg. at 10,478 (citing 19 U.S.C. § 1671b(c)(l)(B)(i) (permitting postponement of preliminary determination if Commerce determines, inter alia, that "the case is extraordinarily complicated”)).

95 . See 19 U.S.C, § 1671d(a)(l) (requiring Commerce to issue its final determination within 75 days of the preliminary determination); 2d Postponement, 77 Fed.Reg. at 4765 (setting the date for the preliminary determination, effective at the time of the latest extended deadline for new subsidy submissions, as March 2, 2012); cf. 19 C.F.R. § 351.311(c) (permitting deferral of self-initiated examination under 19 U.S.C. § 1677d if "insufficient time remains before the scheduled date for the final determination”) (emphasis added). On April 30, 2012, however, Commerce granted SolarWorld’s timely request to align the deadline for the final CVD determination with the deadline for the final determination in the companion antidumping investigation of the subject merchandise. [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], 77 Fed.Reg. 25,400, 25,400 (Dep’t Commerce Apr. 30, 2012) (alignment of final countervailing duty determination with final antidumping duty determination) ("Notice of Alignment") ("The final CVD determination will be issued on the same date as the final [anti-dumping] determination, which is currently scheduled to be issued no later than July 30, 2012, unless postponed,”) (relying on 19 U.S.C. § 1671d(a)(l) ("[W]hen [a CVD] investigation ... is initiated simultaneously with an [antidumping] investigation ..., which involves imports of the same class or kind of merchandise from the same or other countries, [Commerce], if requested by the petitioner, shall extend the date of the final [CVD] determination ... to the date of the final [antidumping] determination____”) and 19 C.F.R. § 351.210(b)(4)(i) (providing for same)).

96 . SolarWorld’s 3d Aluminum Allegation, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 22, at 4 & Ex. 1; Solar-World's 3d Glass Initiation, ECF No. 44-5 at Tab 19, at 5.

97 . Notice of Alignment, 77 Fed.Reg. at 25,400.

98 . Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 15-16 (issuing the decision that insufficient time remained on June 22, 2012); see [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], 77 Fed.Reg. 31,-309, 31,324 (Dep't Commerce May 25, 2012) (preliminary determination of sales at less than fair value, postponement of final determination and affirmative preliminary determination of critical circumstances) (postponing the final determination “until no later than 135 days after the publication of this notice in the Federal Register”).

99 . See supra Discussion Section I (affirming Commerce’s determinations in this regard).

100 . I & D Mem. cmt. 10 at,37 (footnote omitted).

101 . Id. at 38.

102 . See 3d Postponement, 77 Fed.Reg. at 10,-478.

103 . Pl.’s Br„ Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 21-23; 33-34.

104 . Torrington Co. v. United Slates, 68 F.3d 1347, 1351 (Fed.Cir.1995) (citing Heckler v. Chaney, 470 U.S. 821, 831 105 S.Ct, 1649, 84 L.Ed.2d 714 (1985)); see also Longkou Haimeng Mach. Co. v. United States, 32 CIT 1142, 1151, 581 F.Supp.2d 1344, 1353 (2008) ("[A]ny assessment of Commerce’s operational capabilities or deadline rendering must be made by the agency itself.”) (relying on Torrington, 68 F.3d at 1351).

105 . Cf., e.g., Maui Pineapple Co. v. United States, 27 CIT 580, 595, 264 F.Supp.2d 1244, 1257 (2003) (”[D]ue fo deadlines and limited resources, it is vital that accurate information be provided promptly to allow the agency sufficient time for review[,] [and] Commerce ... has broad discretion to fashion its own rules of administrative procedure, including the authority to establish and enforce time limits concerning the submission of written information and data.'-’) (quotation marks and citations omitted).

106 . See supra note 93 (providing relevant citations).

107 . See WelCom Prods., 36 CIT at -, 865 F.Supp.2d at 1344 ("An abuse of discretion occurs where the decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of the law, on factual findings that are not supported by substantial evidence, or represent an unreasonable judgment in weighing relevant factors.”) (citing Star Fruits, 393 F.3d at 1281). Here, Commerce properly interpreted the law to grant the agency discretion, see 19 U.S.C. § 1671a(b)(l) (providing that new subsidy allegations “may be amended at such time, and upon such conditions, as [Commerce] may permit”), and the agency’s factual findings regarding the deficiencies in SolarWorld’s latest timely Section 1671a(b)(l) petitions for investigation of its aluminum extrusions and glass allegations were supported by substantial evidence. See supra Discussion Section I (affirming Commerce’s determinations in this regard).

108 . See Vt. Yankee Nuclear Power Corp., 435 U.S. at 543, 98 S.Ct. 1197 ("Absent constitutional constraints or extremely compelling circumstances the administrative agencies should bé free to fashion their own rules of procedure and to pursue methods of inquiry capable of permitting them to discharge their multitudinous duties.”) (quotation marks and citation omitted).

109 . PL's Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 18-20; 32-33 (arguing that Commerce acted arbitrarily in deciding that insufficient time remained for SolarWorld to re-file its deficient allegations, because the agency had provided respondents with opportunities to correct deficiencies in their questionnaire responses) (quoting SKF USA, Inc. v. United States, 263 F.3d 1369, 1382 (Fed. Cir.2001) (quoting Transactive Corp. v. United States, 91 F.3d 232, 237 (D.C.Cir.1996) (”[A]n agency action is arbitrary when the agency offer[s] insufficient reasons for treating similar situations differently.”))).

110 . See SKF USA, 263 F.3d at 1382 (quotation marks and citation omitted)!

111 . See 'supra Background'Section I & nn.6, 8-10 (providing background and relevant citations regarding permitted amendments to SolarWorld's initial aluminum allegation); supra Background Section II & nn. 18, 20-21 (providing background and relevant citations regarding permitted amendments to Solar-World’s initial glass allegation); supra note 93 (detailing the relevant time extensions' granted at SolarWorld’s' request); see also Def.’s Br., ECF No. 43, at 20 (‘'[T]hroughout the proceeding, and in recognition of the 'extraordinary complexity of the investigation, Commerce granted several extensions of time to ' both SolarWorld and the respondents.”) (emphasis in original); cf. Royal Thai Gov’t v. United States, 28 CIT 1218, 1226, 341 F.Supp.2d 1315, 1323 (2004) ("[Petitioner] overlooks the fact that there should.not have been any ‘evidentiary deficiencies' to correct.”) (citation omitted), aff'd in part & rev’d in part on other grounds, 436 F.3d 1330 (Fed. Cir.2006).

112 . Pl.’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 23-27; 34-38.

113 . Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 16; see 19 U.S.C. § 1677d. While SolarWorld argues that Commerce failed to undertake the inquiry as to whether self-initiation was warranted pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677d, see Pl.’s Br., Consol. Ct. No. 13-00009, ECF Nos. 78 & 79, at 28 (quoting Allegheny Ludlum Corp. v. United States, 25 CIT 816, 821 (2001) (not reported, in the Federal Supplement)' ("Since the plain language of [19. U.S.C. § 1677d] and [19 C.F.R. § 351.311] only require Commerce to investigate where there is a practice that ‘appears to be’ or ‘appears to provide’ a countervailable subsidy, it follows that Commerce must first determine whether that threshold is met.”) (SolarWorld's alteration omitted)), Commerce in fact acknowledged this possibility, Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 16, but found that insufficient'time remained in this complex proceeding to act on it, see id.

114 . Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at' Tab' 23, at 16. (citing 1'9 C.F.R. § 351.311(c)).

115 . Id.; see 19 C.F.R. § 351.311(c)(2) ("If [Commerce] conclude? that insufficient time remains before the scheduled date for the final determination .... to examine the practice, subsidy, or subsidy program [described by 19- U.S.C. § 1677d and' 19 C.F.R. § 351.311(b)], [Commerce] will ... defer consideration of the newly discovered practice, subsidy, or subsidy program until a subsequent administrative review, if any.”).

116 . See Def.’s Br., ECF No. 43, at 22, 39 (citing Issues & Decision Mem., [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], C-570-980, ARP 3/12-12/12 (July 7, 2015) (adopted in 80 Fed.Reg. 41,003, 41,004 (Dep’t Commerce July 14, 2015) (final results of countervailing duty administrative review; 2012)) at 21-23 (determining the provision of aluminum extrusions for less than adequate remuneration to be countervailable), 23-25 (determining the provision of "solar glass” for less than adequate remuneration to be countervailable)). Responding to the court’s inquiry as to whether, given retroactive duty assessment, Commerce's determinations to investigate and countervail for these subsidies in the subsequent administrative review mooted the issues presented here, see Order, Sept. 25, 2015, ECF No. 45, the parties explained that the controversy presented is not mooted because, "in the first administrative review, in which review requests for various companies were rescinded, the rescinded companies were assessed the rate calculated in the investigation.” Def.'s Suppl. Br., ECF No. 51, at 2 (citing [Solar Cells], Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from [China], 80 Fed.Reg. 8597 (Dep’t Commerce Feb. 18, 2015) (notic'e of correction to preliminaiy results of countervailing duty administrative review; 2012 and partial rescission of countervailing duty administrative review)); see also PL [Solar-World]^ Suppl. Br., ECF No. 52, at 2 (listing specific respondents for whom this is the case).

117 . Supra Discussion Sections I & II.A.

118 . See Post-Prelim. Determination, ECF No. 44-6 at Tab 23, at 16 (relying on 19 C.F.R, § 351.311(c)) (unchanged in the Final Determination, 77 Fed.Reg. 63,788; I & D Mem. cmt. 10 at 36-38).

119 . Allegheny Ludlum Corp. v. United States, 24 CIT 452, 461 n. 12, 112 F.Supp.2d 1141, 1151 n. 12 (2000) (explaining that 19 C.F.R. § 351.311(c)(2) ”allow[s] Commerce to ‘defer consideration of .the newly discovered practice, subsidy, or subsidy program until a subsequent administrative review' if Commerce 'concludes that insufficient time remains before the scheduled date for the final determination’ ” (quoting 19 C.F.R. § 351.311(c)(2))); see also Bethlehem Steel Corp. v. United States, 25 CIT 307, 313, 140 F.Supp.2d 1354, 1361 (2001) (recognizing that "when Commerce is faced with ... extraordinarily complex subsidy allegations it may lack the resources or the time necessary to investigate the new allegations”) (quotation marks omitted); 3d Postponement, 77 Fed.Reg. at 10,478 (determining that "the investigation [was] extraordinarily complicated,” even without taking into account the five new subsidy allegations Solar-World submitted on the day of the last extended deadline for new subsidy submissions, or its subsequent attempts to re-file the aluminum extrusions and glass allegations).