Saidwal v. Flagship

• Court: District Court, N.D. California
• Decided: September 27, 2024
• Docket: 4:19-cv-08211
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 BIBI NOHIA SAIDWAL, Case No. 19-cv-08211-JSW

8 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING MOTION TO VACATE ARBITRATION AWARD, 9 v. GRANTING MOTION TO CONFIRM ARBITRATION AWARD, DISMSSING 10 FLAGSHIP, CLAIMS AND ENTERING JUDGMENT Defendant. 11 Re: Dkt. Nos. 92, 95

13 Now before the Court for consideration is the motion to vacate an arbitration award (the 14 “Award”) filed by Plaintiff Bibi Nohia Saidwal (“Ms. Saidwal”).1 Also before the Court for 15 consideration is the motion to confirm the Award filed by Defendant Flagship (“Flagship”). The 16 Court has considered the parties’ papers, relevant legal authority, and the record in this case, and it 17 finds the motions suitable for disposition without oral argument. The Court VACATES the 18 hearing scheduled for October 4, 2024, DENIES Ms. Saidwal’s motion, and GRANTS Flagship’s 19 motion. 20 BACKGROUND 21 On December 17, 2019, Ms. Saidwal filed this case pro se. (Dkt. No. 1.) On February 24, 22 2020, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. section 1915, Magistrate Judge Beeler dismissed the complaint with 23 leave to amend. (Dkt. No. 8.) On April 20, 2020, Ms. Saidwal filed her first amended complaint. 24 25

26 1 Ms. Saidwal submitted a CD-ROM in support of her motion. Flagship states that it was not served with a copy of that CD-ROM. Accordingly, the Court has not reviewed the materials 27 on the CD-ROM and has not considered them to resolve these motions. Although she is pro se, 1 (Dkt. No. 13.) Judge Beeler dismissed the amended complaint, again with leave to amend. (Dkt. 2 No. 17.) On June 5, 2020, Ms. Saidwal filed her Second Amended Complaint. (Dkt. No. 18.) 3 Judge Beeler granted her application to proceed in forma pauperis and concluded Ms. Saidwal 4 alleged facts sufficient to proceed. (Dkt. No. 19.) 5 When she was hired, Ms. Saidwal signed a Dispute Resolution Agreement (“DRA”) with 6 Flagship Enterprises Holdings Inc., which provides: 7 This Agreement is governed by the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1, et seq. and evidences a transaction involving commerce. 8 This Agreement applies to any legal dispute arising out of or related to Employee’s (sometimes “you” or “your”) … employment with 9 Flagship Enterprises Holding, Inc. (“Company”), or one of its affiliates, successor, subsidiaries or parent companies or termination 10 of employment regardless of its date of accrual and survives after the employment relationship terminates. … 11 Except as it otherwise provides, this Agreement is intended to apply 12 to the resolution of disputes that would be resolved in a court of law or before a forum other than arbitration. This Agreement requires 13 all such disputes to be resolved only by an arbitrator through final and binding arbitration and not by way of court or jury trial. Except 14 as otherwise provided in paragraph 5 of this Agreement, such disputes include without limitation, disputes arising out of or 15 relating to interpretation or application of this Agreement, including the enforceability, revocability or validity of the Agreement or any 16 portion of the Agreement. 17 Except as it otherwise provides, this Agreement also applies, without limitation, to disputes with any entity or individual arising 18 out of or related to … termination, discrimination or harassment and claims arising under the …. Civil Rights Act of 1964 ….[.] 19 … 20 A court of competent jurisdiction shall have the authority to enter a 21 judgment upon the award made pursuant to the arbitration. 22 (Dkt. No. 95-2, Declaration of Puja Sharma, ¶ 27, Ex. O (Declaration of Marisa Cozart, ¶ 5, Ex. B, 23 DRA §§ 1, 10).) 24 Flagship subsequently moved to compel Ms. Saidwal to arbitrate her claims. The Court 25 granted that motion, concluded the parties agreed to delegate issues of arbitrability to the 26 arbitrator, and stayed the case.2 (Dkt. No. 50.) At Ms. Saidwal’s request, and with Flagship’s 27 1 consent, the parties mediated the case before proceeding to arbitration. They did not resolve the 2 matter. (Dkt. Nos. 53-58.) Ms. Saidwal then objected to proceeding to arbitration with the 3 mediator and asked the Court to appoint an arbitrator. (Dkt. No. 61.) The Court then appointed 4 Howard Hermann of JAMS to conduct the arbitration proceedings. (Dkt. No. 63, 66.) 5 The parties engaged in some discovery during the arbitration proceedings, and Flagship 6 moved for summary adjudication of each of Ms. Saidwal’s claims. (Sharma Decl., ¶¶ 6, 9.) On 7 April 1, 2024, the Arbitrator granted the motion on the majority of Ms. Saidwal’s claims but 8 permitted her defamation claim to proceed. (Id. ¶ 9, Ex. C (“Order on MSJ”).) 9 On April 25, 2024, the Arbitrator issued an Order that listed the witnesses Ms. Saidwal 10 intended to call and stated that “if claimant wishes to subpoena any of these individuals to appear 11 at the hearing, she must present the subpoenas to the arbitrator for signature. She must also serve 12 copies on respondent’s counsel. Any subpoena previously served improperly and without the 13 arbitrator’s signature must be reissued.” (Sharma Decl., ¶ 17, Ex. G (Scheduling Order No. 14 at 14 1).) On that same day, Ms. Saidwal sent subpoenas to the Arbitrator that she had signed and that 15 were form subpoenas from this Court. (Id., ¶ 18, Ex. H.) On April 26, 2024, the Arbitrator issued 16 an Order advising Ms. Saidwal that the subpoenas were improper, that the proper form to be used 17 could be found on the JAMS website, and that he would “approve properly submitted subpoenas 18 requesting the appearance at the May 8 arbitration hearing of any of the five identified witnesses 19 claimant wishes to call.” (Id., ¶ 19, Ex. G (Scheduling Order No. 15 at 1).) 20 The parties arbitrated the defamation claim at a hearing on May 8, 2024 and then submitted 21 post-hearing briefs. (Sharma Decl., ¶¶ 20-23.) On August 9, 2024, the Arbitrator issued a final 22 decision. (Id. ¶ 24, Ex. M (Award).) 23 Ms. Saidwal filed her motion to vacate the Award and a “continuation” on August 13, 24 2024 and August 16, 2024, respectively.3 Flagship filed its motion to confirm the Award on 25 3 Ms. Saidwal filed her motion before the Award became final. Because Flagship filed a 26 substantive response and cross-moved to affirm the Award, the Court has considered the merits of Ms. Saidwal’s motion and will not deny her motion on the basis that it was premature. The Court 27 also denies Flagship’s motion to strike Ms. Saidwal’s “Briefing for October 4, 2024.” (See Dkt. 1 August 30, 2024. 2 The Court will address additional facts in the analysis. 3 ANALYSIS 4 A. Applicable Legal Standards. 5 Under the FAA, 6 [i]f the parties in their agreement have agreed that a judgment of the court shall be entered upon the award made pursuant to the 7 arbitration and shall specify the court, then at any time within one year after the award is made any party to the arbitration may apply 8 to the court so specified for an order confirming the award, and thereupon the court must grant such an order unless the award is 9 vacated, modified or corrected as prescribed in sections 10 and 11 of this title. … 10 11 9 U.S.C. § 9 (emphasis added). 12 “[C]ourts may vacate an arbitrator’s decision only in very unusual circumstances,” Oxford 13 Health Plans LLC v. Sutter, 569 U.S. 564, 568 (2013) (cleaned up). Section 10 of the FAA 14 provides the “exclusive grounds for expedited vacatur[.]” Hall St. Assocs., LLC v. Mattel, Inc., 15 552 U.S. 576, 583 (2008).4 It provides that an award may be vacated where: 16 (1) … the award was procured by corruption, fraud, or undue means; (2) … there was evident partiality or corruption in the arbitrators, or 17 either of them; (3) … the arbitrators were guilty of misconduct in refusing to postpone the hearing, upon sufficient cause shown, or in 18 refusing to hear evidence pertinent and material to the controversy; or of any other misbehavior by which the rights of any party have 19 been prejudiced; or (4) … the arbitrators exceeded their powers, or so imperfectly executed them that a mutual, final, and definite award 20 upon the subject matter submitted was not made. 21 9 U.S.C. § 10(a). Ms. Saidwal bears the burden to show the Award should be vacated. U.S. Life 22 Ins. Co. v. Super. Nat. Ins. Co., 591 F.3d 1167, 1173 (9th Cir. 2010). 23 B. The Court Denies Ms. Saidwal’s Motion and Grants Flagship’s Motion. 24 Ms. Saidwal contends the Arbitrator was biased in favor of Defendant and its counsel and 25 also contends that there was some form of business contract between counsel and the Arbitrator. 26

27 1 The Court shall liberally construe this argument as a challenge under Sections 10(a)(1) and (a)(2). 2 Ms. Saidwal provides no further details about this unspecified business contract, and the Court 3 concludes that Ms. Saidwal has not shown “corruption, fraud, or undue means.” The Court also 4 concludes the record is insufficient to support a “reasonable impression of partiality” by the 5 Arbitrator. Schmitz v. Zilveti, 20 F.3d 1043, 1046 (9th Cir. 1994); see also EHM Prods. Ltd. v. 6 Starline Tours of Hollywood, Inc., 1 F.4th 1164, 1170-71 (9th Cir. 2024) (“We decline to stretch 7 the Monster Energy opinion to require disclosure of nontrivial business dealings with counsel.”) 8 (citing Monster Energy Co. v. City Beverages LLC, 940 F.3d 1130, 1135-36 (9th Cir. 2019)); 9 White v. Mayflower Transit, LLC, 481 F. Supp. 2d 1101, 1104 (C.D. Cal. 2007) (“The fact that the 10 arbitrator adopted the reasoning presented by defendant does not suggest that the arbitrator was 11 therefore biased in favor of defendant.”). 12 Ms. Saidwal raises an argument that, liberally construed, could be a challenge under 13 Section 10(a)(3). Specifically, she contends the Arbitrator limited the number of witnesses she 14 could call and did not issue subpoenas she requested. “Arbitrators enjoy wide discretion to require 15 the exchange of evidence, and to admit or exclude evidence, how and when they see fit.” U.S. Life 16 Ins. Co., 591 F.3d at 1175 (internal quotation omitted). The record, however, suggests that Ms. 17 Saidwal did not comply with the Arbitrator’s directives to use the forms provided by JAMS. 18 Further, although Flagship objected to both the form and substance of the evidence Ms. Saidwal 19 presented in opposition to its motion for summary adjudication, the Arbitrator overruled those 20 objections and “considered all the material presented by Claimant,” including her entire 21 deposition. (Award at 11-13.) The Arbitrator similarly overruled the majority Flagship’s 22 objections to evidence presented during the hearing on the defamation claim. (Id. at 22-23.) The 23 Court finds no basis to vacate the Award under Section 10(a)(3). 24 Finally, in order to show the Award should be vacated under Section 10(a)(4), Ms. Saidwal 25 must do more than show the Arbitrator “committed an error—or even a serious error.” Stolt- 26 Nielsen S.A. v. Animal Feeds, Int’l Corp., 559 U.S. 662, 671 (2010). “One way an arbitrator 27 exceeds her power is when she demonstrates a manifest disregard of law, which requires a ] same.” EHM Prods., | F.4th at 1176 (cleaned up). In the Award, the Arbitrator cited to and 2 || applied the McDonnell Douglas framework to Ms. Saidwal’s employment related claims. Based 3 on the record concluded she had not met her burden to show Flagship’s decision to terminate her 4 was pretextual. The Arbitrator also concluded that, under California law, Ms. Saidwal failed to 5 show that Flagship published any of the allegedly defamatory statements to third-parties or did so 6 || manner that was not privileged. Ms. Saidwal may disagree with the outcome, but there is 7 || nothing in the record that suggests the Arbitrator understood the law but then proceeded to ignore 8 || it. See, e.g. Collins v. D.R. Horton, Inc., 505 F.3d 874, 879 (9th Cir. 2007). The Court concludes 9 || the Arbitrator’s decision was neither a manifest disregard of the law nor was it irrational. 10 Accordingly, the Court concludes that Ms. Saidwal has not met her burden to show the 11 Award should be vacated. Because she has not met that burden, the Court GRANTS Flagship’s 12 || motion and HEREBY CONFIRMS the Award finding in Flagship’s favor on each of Ms. 13 Saidwal’s claims. The Court dismisses this case with prejudice in light of the Award, enters 14 || judgment, and directs the Clerk to close this file. 3 15 IT IS SO ORDERED AND ADJUDGED. 16 || Dated: September 27, 2024 / 4, 17 i □ Z 18 Vint ys rs 4 t Judge 19 {/ pv

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