Postive Feed, Inc. v. Guthmann

4 S.W.3d 879, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 7665, 1999 WL 826205
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedOctober 14, 1999
Docket01-98-00485-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by41 cases

This text of 4 S.W.3d 879 (Postive Feed, Inc. v. Guthmann) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Postive Feed, Inc. v. Guthmann, 4 S.W.3d 879, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 7665, 1999 WL 826205 (Tex. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinions

MAJORITYOPINION

TIM TAFT, Justice.

Postive Feed, Inc. (Postive),1 appeals a no-evidence summary judgment granted on the motion of appellee, Marcus Guth-mann. The underlying suit is an attempt by Postive to recover costs, from a prior unemployment action, from which the Labor Code exempts employees. We address whether the trial erred: (1) by granting the summary judgment without permitting Postive an opportunity to amend its pleadings; (2) by granting summary judgment on the merits; and (3) by granting summary judgment on issues not addressed in the motion and by shifting the burden of proof. We affirm in part and reverse and remand in part.

Facts and Procedural History

In a prior action in the court below, Postive sued to set aside unemployment benefits awarded Guthmann, a former Pos-tive employee. Postive prevailed in that action and then sued Guthmann again in the same trial court. Postive’s pleadings alleged two grounds for recovery. The first sought recovery in tort, in the form of damages for attorney’s fees and costs, plus punitive damages, on the grounds that Guthmann had claimed the unemployment benefits in bad faith and had thus “abused the civil process.” In its second ground for recovery, Postive acknowledged that the Labor Code2 precluded any such recovery against Guthmann, but asked the trial court to declare the bar unconstitutional. Guthmann’s answer asserted a general denial, estoppel as an affirmative defense, and claims for sanctions for groundless and frivolous pleadings.

Guthmann sought summary judgment on two grounds: that he was entitled to prevail under the new “no evidence” rule for summary judgments, Tex.R. Civ. P. 166a(i); and that Postive had had not brought forward any evidence of damages, nor stated a claim on which the trial court could grant relief. The motion did not address Postive’s challenge to the constitutionality of section 207.007. In responding to the motion, Postive reasserted many allegations from its petition, and noted that Guthmann had not filed special exceptions to those pleadings. Postive further contended the Labor Code did not apply, because Postive was not seeking relief under the Labor Code, but in tort. Finally, Postive argued it had “no other vehicle in which to seek justice.” Like Guthmann, [881]*881Postive did not refer at all to its challenge to the constitutionality of section 207.007.

The trial court signed an order granting Guthmann’s motion “in all things.” In addition, the court’s order recited “that the allegations by [Postive] are hereby dismissed for no admissible evidence with prejudice as to refiling same.” Although neither party addressed Postive’s constitutional challenge to section 207.007 of the Labor Code, the reporter’s record of the summary judgment hearing nevertheless reflects the parties’ contemplation that Postive might address that issue in this Court.

Summary Judgment Granted More Relief Than Requested

In a portion of its third point of error, Postive argues that the trial erred by granting summary judgment on issues not raised by Guthmann’s motion for summary judgment.3 We agree.

The trial court’s order granting summary judgment does not contain a true “Mother Hubbard” clause that disposes of all claims. See Mafrige v. Ross, 866 S.W.2d 590, 592 (Tex.1993); North E. Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Aldridge, 400 S.W.2d 893, 897-98 (Tex.1966). The order clearly purports to be final, however, and Postive treated the judgment as final in timely perfecting this appeal, without objection by Guthmann. From the record before us, we conclude that the trial court and the parties contemplated finality. See Inglish v. Union State Bank, 945 S.W.2d 810, 811 (Tex.1997).

In disposing of all claims, however, the trial court’s order granting summary judgment clearly grants more relief than Guthmann requested. In relying strictly on the prohibition in section 207.007 of the Labor Code, Guthmann did not address Postive’s challenge to the constitutionality of that statute. The trial court erred, therefore, in dismissing the entire case. See Bandera Elec. Coop., Inc. v. Gilchrist, 946 S.W.2d 336, 337 (Tex.1997); Mafrige, 866 S.W.2d at 592.

When, as here, a trial court grants more relief by summary judgment than requested, by disposing of issues never presented to it, the interests of judicial economy demand that we reverse and remand as to those issues, but address the merits of the properly presented claims, Bandera, 946 S.W.2d at 337 (expressly approving procedure followed by the court of appeals on remand in Mafrige); see Ross v. Arkwright Mut. Ins. Co., 892 S.W.2d 119, 123 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist. 1994, no writ).

Accordingly, we address the claim that Guthmann relied on in seeking summary judgment. Because Guthmann’s motion for summary judgment did not address Postive’s challenge to the constitutionality of section 207.007, however, we may not address the portion of Postive’s third point of error in which it argues that the statutory bar does not protect Guthmann from torts “such as ‘abuse of process’ or ‘malicious prosecution.’ ” See Tex.R. Civ. P. 166a(c) (“Issues not expressly presented to the trial court by written motion, answer or other response cannot be considered on appeal as grounds for reversal.”); City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d 671, 676 (Tex.1979) (same); see also Summers v. Fort Crockett Hotel, Ltd., 902 S.W.2d 20, 27 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1995, writ denied) (rejecting point not presented to the trial court in opposition to motion for summary judgment). We will reverse and remand, therefore, for disposition of Postive’s unresolved ehal-[882]*882lenge to the constitutionality of section 207.007, under the Mafrige and Bandera mandates.4 Thus, we sustain Postive’s third point of error in part.

Tort Theory of Recovery

In its first and second points of error, Postive maintains the trial court erred in granting summary judgment for failure to state a cause of action, without affording Postive an opportunity to re-plead. Postive’s second point of error challenges the trial court’s “no evidence” resolution. In the portion of its third point of error not addressed above, Postive maintains the trial court impermissibly shifted the burden of proof. We address these issues together.

A summary judgment “should not be based on a pleading deficiency that could be cured by amendment.” In re B.I.V., 870 S.W.2d 12, 13-14 (Tex.1994) (per curiam). Summary judgment is not the proper vehicle to test the adequacy of the other party’s pleadings, which should be attacked by special exceptions. See Texas Dep’t of Corrections v. Herring,

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Bluebook (online)
4 S.W.3d 879, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 7665, 1999 WL 826205, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/postive-feed-inc-v-guthmann-texapp-1999.