People v. Harris

288 A.D.2d 610, 732 N.Y.S.2d 664
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York·Decided November 15, 2001·Published·Cited by 6 cases

Opinion

Spain, J.

Appeals from two judgments of the County Court of Fulton County (Lomanto, J.), rendered July 30, 1997 and August 6, 1997, upon a verdict convicting defendants of the crimes of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the first degree, criminal facilitation in the second degree, conspiracy in the second degree, criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree (three counts) and criminal facilitation in the fourth degree (three counts).

Following a joint jury trial, defendants were convicted as charged of three counts of criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree, criminal possession of a controlled substance in the first degree, conspiracy in the second degree and other related charges. The convictions stem from evidence and testimony establishing that defendants engaged in the sale of crack cocaine from the home of James Hill and Hill’s girlfriend, Sharon Cannizzo, in the Town of Caroga, Fulton County, between January and April 1996. Hill and Cannizzo, cocaine addicts who testified pursuant to cooperation agreements, testified that they agreed to allow defendants to sell cocaine out of their house in exchange for cocaine for their personal use. Under the arrangement, Hill and Cannizzo dealt directly with customers who came to their house to purchase crack cocaine, all of which was supplied by defendants. Hill took the money from the customer and then went to a designated closed bedroom, turned the money over to one of the defendants who supplied the drugs for the sale, and Hill returned to the customer with the paid-for cocaine. Hundreds of such transactions occurred in March 1996 alone. If defendants were not in the house when a customer arrived, Hill and Cannizzo contacted them by beeper. Cannizzo assisted the sales primarily by letting customers into the house and paging defendants. Hill and Cannizzo testified that, during this period of time, they never sold cocaine without the aid and presence of one of the defendants.

In early March 1996, a local drug addict informed a member of the Fulton County Drug Task Force that drug sales were occurring at the Hill/Cannizzo residence and agreed to act as a confidential informant; no charges were pending against the informant although, unbeknownst to him, he was under investigation for drug activity. Thereafter, the informant participated in three controlled purchases of cocaine from the residence, two on March 13, 1996 and one on March 19, 1996. [612]*612In all three buys, the informant entered the house, gave the money to Hill, and Hill left the room and returned with the crack cocaine, which the informant turned over to police waiting outside. Hill, Cannizzo and both defendants were arrested at the residence on April 3, 1996 and a search disclosed more than 5.6 ounces of crack cocaine, an electronic scale, razor blades, plastic bags and duct tape in the bedroom from which defendants operated. The informant testified before the Grand Jury in July 1996 and at defendants’ trial pursuant to a cooperation agreement in which the People agreed not to bring felony charges for certain conduct in which he had engaged prior to these controlled buys. Prior to trial, the People moved for a protective order regarding the informant. After a Darden hearing, County Court granted the request and the informant’s identity, prior written statements, Grand Jury testimony and criminal history (see, CPL 240.44, 240.45), inter alia, were not disclosed to defense counsel until just before he actually testified at trial.

Another customer testified at trial that he purchased cocaine at this residence in the same manner approximately 20 to 30 times between January and April 1996. He recounted that, during a January 1996 purchase, he gave Hill the money and Hill left the room heading toward the living room — where the witness had just observed both defendants watching television — and Hill returned with crack cocaine. The witness also saw defendant Lawrence D. Harris there during a buy on April 2,1996. Yet another customer testified that he purchased drugs in this manner approximately 20 to 30 times between January and April 1996 at this residence. The testimony at trial also established that the Isuzu Trooper with Virginia license plates driven by defendants was observed at the residence during the controlled buys, as well as on many other occasions on which drug sales took place.

In the middle of the People’s presentation of proof at trial, defendant Anthony J. Wright, who was free on bail, absconded and, when efforts to locate him were unsuccessful, County Court proceeded with the trial in his absence. The defense theory at trial primarily challenged the adequacy of the People’s proof that defendants were present at or participated in drug sales. Upon his convictions on all nine counts, Harris was sentenced as a second felony offender to various terms of imprisonment which, in their aggregate, total 62 V2 years to life. Wright was sentenced in absentia to various terms of imprisonment which, in their aggregate, total 50 years to life. Defendants appeal and, at their request, their appeals were consolidated.

[613]*613Harris’ first contention is that he was denied effective assistance of counsel and due process of law because the attorney who represented him prior to trial — Michael Albanese — had represented the informant on unrelated charges (a DWI, a probation violation and a later charge of resisting arrest) at the same time that he represented Harris. When Harris’ trial counsel learned the informant’s probable identity midtrial, he moved for a mistrial arguing that Albanese’s pretrial representation of Harris on these charges from May 1996 to January 1997 and overlapping representation of the informant on the unrelated charges from September or October 1996 until February or March 1997 constituted an actual conflict of interest.

County Court questioned Albanese, who indicated on the record in open court that while he was aware that there was a confidential informant in the Harris case and knew that his client (the informant) had acted as a confidential informant, he did not know that the informant was cooperating in the Harris case. Notably, at the time that Albanese undertook representing the informant in September or October 1996, he was already acting as an informant, having (1) engaged in the controlled buys in March 1996, (2) testified at the Grand Jury investigating defendants in July 1996, and (3) entered into a cooperation agreement with the People. Albanese also informed the court that, in the course of representing the informant on those unrelated charges, the District Attorney had requested that he encourage the informant to continue to cooperate with her office, but the District Attorney never disclosed to Albanese that the informant’s testimony would involve the Harris case. Albanese first learned of this conflict when questioned at this trial, having ceased representing Harris about five months earlier. County Court denied defendant’s request for a mistrial or a hearing.

We cannot agree that Harris was denied effective assistance of counsel or due process as a result of Albanese’s pretrial representation of both Harris and the informant. As an initial matter, it is significant that Albanese was not Harris’ trial counsel and that Harris’ trial counsel undisputedly had no conflict (cf., People v Lombardo, 61 NY2d 97, 102-103).

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People v. Harris, 288 A.D.2d 610, 732 N.Y.S.2d 664 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2001).

288 A.D.2d 610 (People v. Harris) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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