1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 SAMMY R. QUAIR, SR., Case No. 1:21-cv-01214-DAD-EPG (PC) 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING THAT PLAINTIFF’S 13 v. MOTION FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF BE DENIED 14 DAVE ROBINSON, et al., (ECF No. 17) 15 Defendants. OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE WITHIN 16 TWENTY-ONE DAYS 17 Plaintiff Sammy R. Quair, Sr. (“Plaintiff”) is a pretrial detainee proceeding pro se and in 18 forma pauperis in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Before the Court is 19 Plaintiff’s motion requesting an order transferring him to another jail or granting him early 20 release from custody, and requesting that the Court order the D.O.J. to investigate the Kings 21 County Jail. (ECF No. 17.) For the following reasons, the Court will recommend that Plaintiff’s 22 motion be denied. 23 I. BACKGROUND 24 A. Plaintiff’s Complaint 25 Plaintiff filed the complaint commencing this action on August 11, 2021. (ECF No. 1). 26 The complaint brings claims concerning COVID-19 and the unsanitary cells at Kings County Jail. 27 (Id.) 28 1 On September 24, 2021, the Court entered a screening order finding that the complaint 2 sufficiently stated a cognizable claim for unconstitutional conditions of confinement in violation 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment against Defendant Dave Robinson and Does 1 through 10, who 4 were correctional officers at the Kings County Jail from June 14, 2021 through the present with 5 duties to clean the facility. (ECF No. 9.) The Court found that the complaint failed to state any 6 other cognizable claims. (Id.) Plaintiff was given thirty days to either file a First Amended 7 Complaint, notify the Court that he wishes to proceed only on the Fourteenth Amendment claim, 8 or notify the Court that he wishes to stand on his complaint. (Id. at 12.) Plaintiff has filed three 9 requests for extensions of time to respond to the screening order but has not yet filed an amended 10 complaint or notice pursuant to the Court’s order. (See ECF Nos. 10-11, 13, 15-19.) 11 B. Plaintiff’s Motion 12 On January 7, 2022, Plaintiff filed a motion which, among other things, states that 13 Plaintiff has been poisoned and his medication has been switched illegally. (ECF No. 17.) 14 Plaintiff has “about 6 months left for release with no probation or parole” and, due to retaliation 15 from Kings County Jail staff, Plaintiff requests an early release from custody or a transfer to 16 another jail that will not retaliate against him. (Id.) Plaintiff is Prop 47 qualified and has 17 submitted several requests for an ankle monitor. (Id.) Jail officials are attempting to kill Plaintiff. 18 (Id.) Line 28 of the Court’s orders is not showing up on Plaintiff’s documents or is half printed. 19 (Id.) Plaintiff requests that the Court send the D.O.J. to investigate at the Kings County Jail to “to 20 find the printing machine that prints 28 ½ there. Either your machine is not showing Line 28 or 21 the Jail is printing copies ‘illegally’ and giving me the copy and not showing line # 28.” (Id. at 5.) 22 II. LEGAL STANDARDS 23 A federal district court may issue emergency injunctive relief only if it has personal 24 jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter jurisdiction over the lawsuit. See Murphy Bros., 25 Inc. v. Michetti Pipe Stringing, Inc., 526 U.S. 344, 350 (1999) (noting that one “becomes a party 26 officially, and is required to take action in that capacity, only upon service of summons or other authority-asserting measure stating the time within which the party served must appear to 27 defend.”). The court may not attempt to determine the rights of persons not before it. See, e.g., 28 1 Hitchman Coal & Coke Co. v. Mitchell, 245 U.S. 229, 234-35 (1916); Zepeda v. INS, 753 F.2d 2 719, 727-28 (9th Cir. 1983); see also Califano v. Yamasaki, 442 U.S. 682, 702 (1979) (injunctive 3 relief must be “narrowly tailored to give only the relief to which plaintiffs are entitled”). Under 4 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(d)(2), an injunction binds only “the parties to the action,” their “officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys,” and “other persons who are in active 5 concert or participation.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)(2)(A)-(C). “When a plaintiff seeks injunctive 6 relief based on claims not pled in the complaint, the court does not have the authority to issue an 7 injunction.” Pac. Radiation Oncology, LLC v. Queen's Med. Ctr., 810 F.3d 631, 633 (9th Cir. 8 2015). 9 Requests for prospective relief are further limited by 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(1)(A) of the 10 Prison Litigation Reform Act, which requires that the Court find that the “relief [sought] is 11 narrowly drawn, extends no further than necessary to correct the violation of the Federal Right, 12 and is the least intrusive means necessary to correct the violation of the Federal Right.” 13 On the merits, “[a] plaintiff seeking a preliminary injunction must establish that he is 14 likely to succeed on the merits, that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of 15 preliminary relief, that the balance of equities tips in his favor, and that an injunction is in the 16 public interest.” Glossip v. Gross, 135 S. Ct. 2726, 2736-37 (2015) (quoting Winter v. Natural 17 Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008)). “Under Winter, plaintiffs must establish that 18 irreparable harm is likely, not just possible, in order to obtain a preliminary injunction.” Alliance 19 for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1131 (9th Cir. 2011). 20 Under the All Writs Act, federal courts “may issue all writs necessary or appropriate in 21 aid of their respective jurisdictions and agreeable to the usages and principles of law.” 28 U.S.C. 22 § 1651(a). “The power conferred by the Act extends, under appropriate circumstances, to persons 23 who, though not parties to the original action or engaged in wrongdoing, are in a position to 24 frustrate the implementation of a court order or the proper administration of justice, and 25 encompasses even those who have not taken any affirmative action to hinder justice.” United 26 States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S. 159, 174 (1977) (footnote and citations omitted). 27 “Thus, use of the All Writs Act is appropriate in prisoner civil rights cases where non- 28 party correctional officials are impeding the prisoner-plaintiff’s ability to litigate his pending 1 action.” Hammler v. Haas, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 48377, *3-4 (E.D. Cal., Mar. 22, 2019). See 2 also Mitchell v. Haviland, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 109106, *5 (E.D. Cal., Aug. 18, 2015) (“Use of 3 the All Writs Act is appropriate in cases where prison officials, not named as defendants, 4 allegedly have taken action that impedes a prisoner's ability to litigate his case”); Lopez v. Cook, 5 2014 U.S.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 SAMMY R. QUAIR, SR., Case No. 1:21-cv-01214-DAD-EPG (PC) 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING THAT PLAINTIFF’S 13 v. MOTION FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF BE DENIED 14 DAVE ROBINSON, et al., (ECF No. 17) 15 Defendants. OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE WITHIN 16 TWENTY-ONE DAYS 17 Plaintiff Sammy R. Quair, Sr. (“Plaintiff”) is a pretrial detainee proceeding pro se and in 18 forma pauperis in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Before the Court is 19 Plaintiff’s motion requesting an order transferring him to another jail or granting him early 20 release from custody, and requesting that the Court order the D.O.J. to investigate the Kings 21 County Jail. (ECF No. 17.) For the following reasons, the Court will recommend that Plaintiff’s 22 motion be denied. 23 I. BACKGROUND 24 A. Plaintiff’s Complaint 25 Plaintiff filed the complaint commencing this action on August 11, 2021. (ECF No. 1). 26 The complaint brings claims concerning COVID-19 and the unsanitary cells at Kings County Jail. 27 (Id.) 28 1 On September 24, 2021, the Court entered a screening order finding that the complaint 2 sufficiently stated a cognizable claim for unconstitutional conditions of confinement in violation 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment against Defendant Dave Robinson and Does 1 through 10, who 4 were correctional officers at the Kings County Jail from June 14, 2021 through the present with 5 duties to clean the facility. (ECF No. 9.) The Court found that the complaint failed to state any 6 other cognizable claims. (Id.) Plaintiff was given thirty days to either file a First Amended 7 Complaint, notify the Court that he wishes to proceed only on the Fourteenth Amendment claim, 8 or notify the Court that he wishes to stand on his complaint. (Id. at 12.) Plaintiff has filed three 9 requests for extensions of time to respond to the screening order but has not yet filed an amended 10 complaint or notice pursuant to the Court’s order. (See ECF Nos. 10-11, 13, 15-19.) 11 B. Plaintiff’s Motion 12 On January 7, 2022, Plaintiff filed a motion which, among other things, states that 13 Plaintiff has been poisoned and his medication has been switched illegally. (ECF No. 17.) 14 Plaintiff has “about 6 months left for release with no probation or parole” and, due to retaliation 15 from Kings County Jail staff, Plaintiff requests an early release from custody or a transfer to 16 another jail that will not retaliate against him. (Id.) Plaintiff is Prop 47 qualified and has 17 submitted several requests for an ankle monitor. (Id.) Jail officials are attempting to kill Plaintiff. 18 (Id.) Line 28 of the Court’s orders is not showing up on Plaintiff’s documents or is half printed. 19 (Id.) Plaintiff requests that the Court send the D.O.J. to investigate at the Kings County Jail to “to 20 find the printing machine that prints 28 ½ there. Either your machine is not showing Line 28 or 21 the Jail is printing copies ‘illegally’ and giving me the copy and not showing line # 28.” (Id. at 5.) 22 II. LEGAL STANDARDS 23 A federal district court may issue emergency injunctive relief only if it has personal 24 jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter jurisdiction over the lawsuit. See Murphy Bros., 25 Inc. v. Michetti Pipe Stringing, Inc., 526 U.S. 344, 350 (1999) (noting that one “becomes a party 26 officially, and is required to take action in that capacity, only upon service of summons or other authority-asserting measure stating the time within which the party served must appear to 27 defend.”). The court may not attempt to determine the rights of persons not before it. See, e.g., 28 1 Hitchman Coal & Coke Co. v. Mitchell, 245 U.S. 229, 234-35 (1916); Zepeda v. INS, 753 F.2d 2 719, 727-28 (9th Cir. 1983); see also Califano v. Yamasaki, 442 U.S. 682, 702 (1979) (injunctive 3 relief must be “narrowly tailored to give only the relief to which plaintiffs are entitled”). Under 4 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(d)(2), an injunction binds only “the parties to the action,” their “officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys,” and “other persons who are in active 5 concert or participation.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)(2)(A)-(C). “When a plaintiff seeks injunctive 6 relief based on claims not pled in the complaint, the court does not have the authority to issue an 7 injunction.” Pac. Radiation Oncology, LLC v. Queen's Med. Ctr., 810 F.3d 631, 633 (9th Cir. 8 2015). 9 Requests for prospective relief are further limited by 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(1)(A) of the 10 Prison Litigation Reform Act, which requires that the Court find that the “relief [sought] is 11 narrowly drawn, extends no further than necessary to correct the violation of the Federal Right, 12 and is the least intrusive means necessary to correct the violation of the Federal Right.” 13 On the merits, “[a] plaintiff seeking a preliminary injunction must establish that he is 14 likely to succeed on the merits, that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of 15 preliminary relief, that the balance of equities tips in his favor, and that an injunction is in the 16 public interest.” Glossip v. Gross, 135 S. Ct. 2726, 2736-37 (2015) (quoting Winter v. Natural 17 Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008)). “Under Winter, plaintiffs must establish that 18 irreparable harm is likely, not just possible, in order to obtain a preliminary injunction.” Alliance 19 for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1131 (9th Cir. 2011). 20 Under the All Writs Act, federal courts “may issue all writs necessary or appropriate in 21 aid of their respective jurisdictions and agreeable to the usages and principles of law.” 28 U.S.C. 22 § 1651(a). “The power conferred by the Act extends, under appropriate circumstances, to persons 23 who, though not parties to the original action or engaged in wrongdoing, are in a position to 24 frustrate the implementation of a court order or the proper administration of justice, and 25 encompasses even those who have not taken any affirmative action to hinder justice.” United 26 States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S. 159, 174 (1977) (footnote and citations omitted). 27 “Thus, use of the All Writs Act is appropriate in prisoner civil rights cases where non- 28 party correctional officials are impeding the prisoner-plaintiff’s ability to litigate his pending 1 action.” Hammler v. Haas, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 48377, *3-4 (E.D. Cal., Mar. 22, 2019). See 2 also Mitchell v. Haviland, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 109106, *5 (E.D. Cal., Aug. 18, 2015) (“Use of 3 the All Writs Act is appropriate in cases where prison officials, not named as defendants, 4 allegedly have taken action that impedes a prisoner's ability to litigate his case”); Lopez v. Cook, 5 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 52198, 2014 WL 1488518 (E.D. Cal., Apr. 15, 2014) (issuing an order 6 under the All Writs Act requiring prison officials to provide Plaintiff, who was in the Segregated 7 Housing Unit for non-disciplinary reasons, with two contact visits with his counsel). However, 8 “injunctive relief under the All Writs Act is to be used sparingly and only in the most critical and 9 exigent circumstances,” and only “if the legal rights at issue are indisputably clear.” Brown v. 10 Gilmore, 533 U.S. 1301, 1303 (2001) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). 11 1. DISCUSSION 12 The Court will recommend that Plaintiff’s motion be denied. 13 As an initial matter, Plaintiff’s motion for injunctive relief does not state why Kings 14 County Jail staff are retaliating against him.1 Thus, it is not clear if Plaintiff’s request is related to 15 the claims in the complaint concerning COVID-19 and the unsanitary cells at Kings County Jail. 16 Plaintiff is not entitled to injunctive relief that is unrelated to the claims in this action. Pac. 17 Radiation Oncology, 810 F.3d at 633 (“When a plaintiff seeks injunctive relief based on claims 18 not pled in the complaint, the court does not have the authority to issue an injunction.”). 19 Plaintiff has not shown that he faces irreparable harm if injunctive relief is not granted. 20 While Plaintiff generally states that he has being retaliated against, he does not submit any 21 evidence of a specific threat of irreparable harm. See Perez v. Diaz, 2019 WL 3229622, at *3 22 (E.D. Cal. July 18, 2019), report and recommendation adopted, 2019 WL 3986657 (E.D. Cal. 23 Aug. 22, 2019) (“Generalized allegations of past incidents of violence fail to show that plaintiff . . 24 . faces imminent harm.”). 25 Plaintiff also has not established that he is likely to succeed on the merits. Notably, this 26 case is still at the screening stage. Further, Plaintiff does not submit any declarations, witness
27 1 Plaintiff filed another motion the same day as his motion for injunctive relief indicating that one Kings County Jail staff member, Quintero, is retaliating against Plaintiff for a 2019 lawsuit. (See ECF No. 16.) It is not clear if the 28 allegations of retaliation in the instant motion are also related to the 2019 lawsuit. 1 statements, or other evidence establishing that the Kings County Jail violated Plaintiff’s 2 constitutional rights as alleged in the complaint. 3 Plaintiff likewise fails to show the balance of equities supports injunctive relief. 4 Specifically, Plaintiff has not shown that the equities favor this Court interfering with a jail classification decision. See Jimenez v. Diaz, 2019 WL 5541372, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 28, 5 2019), report and recommendation adopted, 2020 WL 1911570 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2020) 6 (“Prison administration is a difficult and onerous task and courts have traditionally accorded a 7 large degree of deference in cases involving the administration of state penal institutions.”) 8 (citation omitted); Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 85 (1987) (noting that the government is 9 afforded widest latitude in cases involving the administration of state prisons). 10 Finally, Plaintiff has failed to show that relief under the All Writs Act is appropriate. 11 Plaintiff has not demonstrated that the staff at Kings County Jail are impeding him from litigating 12 this action.2 Relief under the All Writs Act is to be used sparingly and only in the most critical 13 and exigent circumstances. Plaintiff has not shown that such circumstances exist here. 14 Accordingly, the Court will recommend that Plaintiff’s motion for injunctive relief be 15 denied. 16 2. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 17 Accordingly, based on the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff’s 18 motions for injunctive relief (ECF No. 17) be DENIED. 19 /// 20 /// 21 /// 22 /// 23 /// 24 /// 25 /// 26 2 If the orders Plaintiff receives from the Court are illegible, he may file a motion requesting a new copy. Plaintiff 27 generally does not have a right to free copies of documents, but the Court will consider such requests on a limited, case-by-case basis. Any such motion must specifically identify the order at issue and the basis for the request, 28 including which portion(s) of the order Plaintiff is unable to read. 1 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States district judge 2 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within twenty-one 3 | (21) days after being served with these findings and recommendations, Plaintiff may file written 4 | objections with the court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate 5 | Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within 6 | the specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 7 | 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 8 9 IT IS SO ORDERED. 10] Dated: _ January 25, 2022 [sf ey ll UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28