Parker Stewart, imINDY, LLC, and its successors and assigns v. Plains Commerce Bank, Christopher Hamze, individually and as member of imINDY, LLC, member of Teelaunch LB, organizer & registered agent of Fantom DTG, LLC & organizer of Infinite Supply, LLC; Nicholas Hamze, individually and as organizer & registered agent of FYMCO, LLC, organizer of Fantom DTG, LLC and organizer & registered agent of Infinite Supply, LLC; Ted Hamze, Christopher Marbus, FYMCO, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Teelaunch LB, and its successors and assigns; Fantom DTG, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Infinite Supply, LLC, and its successors and assigns; and District Photo, and its successors and assigns.

CourtDistrict Court, D. South Dakota
DecidedDecember 5, 2025
Docket4:25-cv-04007
StatusUnknown

This text of Parker Stewart, imINDY, LLC, and its successors and assigns v. Plains Commerce Bank, Christopher Hamze, individually and as member of imINDY, LLC, member of Teelaunch LB, organizer & registered agent of Fantom DTG, LLC & organizer of Infinite Supply, LLC; Nicholas Hamze, individually and as organizer & registered agent of FYMCO, LLC, organizer of Fantom DTG, LLC and organizer & registered agent of Infinite Supply, LLC; Ted Hamze, Christopher Marbus, FYMCO, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Teelaunch LB, and its successors and assigns; Fantom DTG, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Infinite Supply, LLC, and its successors and assigns; and District Photo, and its successors and assigns. (Parker Stewart, imINDY, LLC, and its successors and assigns v. Plains Commerce Bank, Christopher Hamze, individually and as member of imINDY, LLC, member of Teelaunch LB, organizer & registered agent of Fantom DTG, LLC & organizer of Infinite Supply, LLC; Nicholas Hamze, individually and as organizer & registered agent of FYMCO, LLC, organizer of Fantom DTG, LLC and organizer & registered agent of Infinite Supply, LLC; Ted Hamze, Christopher Marbus, FYMCO, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Teelaunch LB, and its successors and assigns; Fantom DTG, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Infinite Supply, LLC, and its successors and assigns; and District Photo, and its successors and assigns.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. South Dakota primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Parker Stewart, imINDY, LLC, and its successors and assigns v. Plains Commerce Bank, Christopher Hamze, individually and as member of imINDY, LLC, member of Teelaunch LB, organizer & registered agent of Fantom DTG, LLC & organizer of Infinite Supply, LLC; Nicholas Hamze, individually and as organizer & registered agent of FYMCO, LLC, organizer of Fantom DTG, LLC and organizer & registered agent of Infinite Supply, LLC; Ted Hamze, Christopher Marbus, FYMCO, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Teelaunch LB, and its successors and assigns; Fantom DTG, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Infinite Supply, LLC, and its successors and assigns; and District Photo, and its successors and assigns., (D.S.D. 2025).

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF SOUTH DAKOTA SOUTHERN DIVISION

PARKER STEWART, IMINDY, LLC, AND 4:25-CV-04007-RAL ITS SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS; Plaintiffs, OPINION AND ORDER DENYING MOTION TO ALTER OR AMEND vs. JUDGMENT AND GRANTING IN PART MOTION FOR ATTORNEY’S FEES PLAINS COMMERCE BANK, CHRISTOPHER HAMZE, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS MEMBER OF IMINDY, LLC, MEMBER OF TEE LAUNCH _ LB, ORGANIZER & REGISTERED AGENT OF FANTOM DTG, LLC & ORGANIZER OF INFINITE SUPPLY, LLC; NICHOLAS HAMZE, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS ORGANIZER & REGISTERED AGENT OF FYMCO, LLC, ORGANIZER OF FANTOM DTG, LLC AND ORGANIZER & REGISTERED AGENT OF _ INFINITE SUPPLY, LLC; TED HAMZE, CHRISTOPHER MARBUS, FYMCO, LLC, AND ITS SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS; TEELAUNCH LB, AND ITS SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS; FANTOM DTG, LLC, AND ITS SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS; INFINITE SUPPLY, LLC, AND ITS SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS; AND DISTRICT PHOTO, AND ITS SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS; Defendants.

On September 23, 2025, this Court granted motions to dismiss a Complaint brought by Plaintiffs Parker Stewart (Stewart) and imINDY, LLC (imINDY). Doc. 83. The Complaint alleged several Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) claims and certain

state law claims against three groups of Defendants: 1) Plains Commerce Bank (PCB) and its employee Christopher Marbus (Marbus); 2) Christopher Hamze (Chris), Nicholas Hamze (Nick), Ted Hamze (Ted),! FYMCO, LLC (FYMCO), Teelaunch LB (Teelaunch), Fantom DTG LLC (Fantom), Infinite Supply, LLC (Infinite Supply); and 3) District Photo. Doc. 1. The lawsuit contained various claims concerning the ownership and operations of imINDY, which was an LLC Stewart and Chris had co-founded in 2012 and co-owned until September 2023. Id. Jf 17, 22- 26, 108-09. This gist of the claims was that Defendants had conspired together and acted wrongfully in bleeding imINDY of capital and, in turn, injuring Stewart as well as deceptively causing him to sell his imINDY ownership at a discount. Plaintiffs also sought a Declaratory Judgment under 28 U.S.C. § 2202 to void the buyout agreement, whereby Stewart had sold his ownership interest in imINDY to Chris before bringing the above-captioned case. Id. Jf] 121-28. As explained in the Opinion and Order, this Court first determined that Stewart, a former member of imINDY, did not have standing to bring a lawsuit on behalf of imINDY, a named Plaintiff. Doc. 83 at 13-16. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 17 “requires that the plaintiff actually possess, under the substantive law, the right sought to be enforced.” Curtis Lumber Co. v. La. Pac. Corp., 618 F.3d 762, 771 (8th Cir. 2010) (cleaned up and citation omitted). As a limited liability company, imINDY’s capacity to sue is determined “by the law of the state where the court is located.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(b)(3). Thus, South Dakota law governed this Court’s determination of whether imINDY had the capacity to sue in the above-captioned case. When Stewart signed the Purchase Agreement, he disassociated from imINDY, which terminated his right to maintain a derivative action to enforce a right of imINDY under South Dakota law. See SDCL §§ 47-34A- 603(b)(1), 47-34A-1102. Because Stewart was not a member of imINDY at the time he

Defendant Ted Hamze passed away during the litigation of this case. See Doc. 51.

commenced the above-captioned case, this Court determined that Stewart could not maintain this action on behalf of imINDY. SDCL § 47-34A-1103(a). This Court then determined that Stewart could not bring the RICO actions in his individual capacity because he failed to plead any direct injuries sufficient to establish a RICO claim. See Doc. 83 at 16-27. A plaintiff asserting an injury that is purely derivative of a corporate injury lacks standing to sue under RICO without a showing of a direct injury. Brennan v. Chestnut, 973 F.2d 644, 648 (8th Cir. 1992). Under Supreme Court and Eighth Circuit precedent, the injuries that Stewart alleged were not enough to establish a direct injury to his business or property to allow Stewart to have standing for a RICO claim. See Doc. 83 at 19-26. Taking the allegations in the Complaint as true, the alleged injuries were either derivative, meaning that they were targeted against imINDY or Stewart in his capacity as a shareholder, or they alleged damage to Stewart’s professional reputation and personal well-being, which also failed to establish standing for Stewart’s individual civil RICO claim. See id. Finally, despite his allegations concerning the alleged fraud surrounding the buyout agreement, Stewart could not base his RICO claims on this alleged fraud where he could have pursued a derivative action on behalf of imINDY before his sale of his shares but chose not to. See id. at 23-24. Because Stewart could not pursue RICO claims on behalf of imINDY and Stewart failed to establish civil RICO standing in his individual capacity, this Court dismissed Plaintiffs’ RICO claims and declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining state-law claims. Doc. 83 at 27. With the Opinion and Order Granting Motions to Dismiss, this Court entered a Judgment of Dismissal. Doc. 84. Now before this Court are two pending motions: one motion for attorney’s fees filed by counsel for Defendants Chris, Nick, Ted, FYMCO, Fantom, and Infinite Supply, Doc. 87, and one motion to alter or amend judgment filed by Plaintiffs, Doc. 90. As explained below,

the motion to alter or amend the judgment is denied, and the motion for attorney’s fees is granted in part and denied in part. I. Motion to Alter or Amend Judgment On October 10, 2025, Plaintiffs filed a Motion to Alter or Amend Judgment Pursuant to Rule 59(e).? Doc. 90. Plaintiffs move this Court to alter or amend its Opinion and Order on Defendants’ motions to dismiss, Docs. 38, 41, and 57, and request that this Court vacate the Opinion and Order, enter a declaratory judgment voiding the Plaintiffs’ buyout agreement, and enter an order denying the Defendants’ motions to dismiss. Doc. 90 at 1-2. Plaintiffs argue that this Court should alter or amend its dismissal of Plaintiffs’ RICO claims because the Opinion and Order 1) relies on critical errors and mischaracterizations of fact concerning Stewart’s alleged injuries, the role of District Photo, and the enforceability of the buyout agreement; 2) relies on critical errors of law, including one that Plaintiffs dub “South Dakota Shareholder Standing Preemption Theory”; 3) analyzes Plaintiffs’ prudential standing, an issue they contend Defendants did not argue in their motions to dismiss; and 4) creates a manifest injustice against every similarly situated plaintiff. Doc. 90 at 8-33. Plaintiffs conclude by asserting that this Court’s Opinion and Order “legalizes racketeering in South Dakota” and compares this Court’s decision to Plessy v. Ferguson. Id. at 35-36. All Defendants oppose the motion to alter or amend judgment. Docs. 100, 103, 104.

* This Court’s Local Rules require court approval for briefs exceeding thirty pages. D.S.D. Civ. LR 7.1(B)(1). Plaintiffs did not ask for approval from this Court to file an overlength brief, and their brief exceeded thirty pages. See Doc. 91. Defendants Hamzes and related companies requested that Plaintiffs’ motion be stricken for procedural defects. Doc. 103 at 2 n.1.

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Parker Stewart, imINDY, LLC, and its successors and assigns v. Plains Commerce Bank, Christopher Hamze, individually and as member of imINDY, LLC, member of Teelaunch LB, organizer & registered agent of Fantom DTG, LLC & organizer of Infinite Supply, LLC; Nicholas Hamze, individually and as organizer & registered agent of FYMCO, LLC, organizer of Fantom DTG, LLC and organizer & registered agent of Infinite Supply, LLC; Ted Hamze, Christopher Marbus, FYMCO, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Teelaunch LB, and its successors and assigns; Fantom DTG, LLC, and its successors and assigns; Infinite Supply, LLC, and its successors and assigns; and District Photo, and its successors and assigns., Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/parker-stewart-imindy-llc-and-its-successors-and-assigns-v-plains-sdd-2025.