Mollahan v. Village of Port Washington North

153 A.D.2d 881, 545 N.Y.S.2d 601, 1989 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 11798
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedSeptember 18, 1989
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 153 A.D.2d 881 (Mollahan v. Village of Port Washington North) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Mollahan v. Village of Port Washington North, 153 A.D.2d 881, 545 N.Y.S.2d 601, 1989 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 11798 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1989).

Opinion

In a negligence action to recover damages for personal injuries, the defendant Village of Port Washington North appeals, as limited by its brief, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (Roberto, J.), dated June 10, 1987, as, upon renewal and reargument, denied its motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as it is asserted against it.

Ordered that the order is reversed insofar as appealed from, on the law, without costs or disbursements, and, upon renewal and reargument, the motion is granted, the complaint is dismissed insofar as it it asserted against the village, with prejudice, and the action against the remaining defendants is severed.

In this action to recover damages for personal injuries, the complaint alleged that on July 19, 1983, the plaintiff was injured when she fell on a defective sidewalk which the defendant Incorporated Village of Port Washington North had negligently failed to maintain. The complaint further alleged that prior written notice of the defective, unsafe and danger[882]*882ous condition of the sidewalk was given to the village. As an affirmative defense in its answer, the village pleaded that it had never received actual written notice of the alleged defect prior to the plaintiffs accident, as required by Village Law § 6-628. Subsequently, the village moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint on the ground of noncompliance with the prior written notice statute. By order dated March 4, 1987, the court granted the village’s motion for summary judgment based on the unrefuted averments of the Village Clerk that she had diligently searched the complaint book, in which requests for sidewalk repairs are noted, but found no written notice relevant to the accident site.

The plaintiff then moved for reargument and renewal upon her counsel’s subsequent discovery of the fact the Village Clerk did not maintain an "indexed record” of all written notices of street and sidewalk defects as required by Village Law § 4-402 (g). In response, the Village Clerk conceded this fact. However, she stated that the village had maintained copies of all notices, correspondence and communications concerning road and sidewalk complaints since March 30, 1980, albeit the copies were kept in various files and notebooks. For example, the "complaint book” referred to in the village’s original motion papers consisted of three spiral notebooks containing, in chronological order, notations of telephone calls and other oral complaints made to the Village Clerk’s office. The Village Clerk had previously reviewed the third volume, covering the period of June 1980 to April 14, 1987, without discovering a complaint pertaining to the sidewalk at issue. Additionally, commencing in March 1980 all written complaints concerning the condition of the roads and sidewalks in the village were kept in chronological order. Copies of notices of claims served on the village were maintained in an "insurance file”. The latter file contained 12 notices of claim dating back to September 1977, none of which pertained to the location of the plaintiff’s accident. After the plaintiff moved for leave to renew and reargue, the Village Clerk and Village Attorney searched through all the applicable files and records, including the prior notices of claim, and could find no prior written notice of the alleged defect. Notwithstanding the negative results of this good-faith search, the plaintiff argued that the Village Clerk’s failure to strictly comply with Village Law § 4-402 (g) warranted summary judgment in the plaintiff’s favor. Upon granting reargument and renewal, the court denied the village’s motion for summary judgment, finding a triable issue of fact existed as to [883]*883whether prior written notice was received by the Village Clerk. We disagree.

Prior written notice required by Village Law § 6-628 is a condition precedent to maintaining an action against the village for a sidewalk defect resulting from nonfeasance, which the plaintiff is required to plead and prove (Doremus v Incorporated Vil. of Lynbrook, 18 NY2d 363, 365; Donnelly v Village of Perry, 88 AD2d 764; see also, Cipriano v City of New York, 96 AD2d 817, 818). The policy of this and analogous notification statutes (see, e.g., Highway Law § 139; Town Law § 65-a; CPLR 9804) "is not to make it more difficult for a plaintiff to prove a case but largely 'to enable the city to prevent accidents by repairing or guarding defects or obstructions [in the streets], thus protecting the traveling public’ ” (Martin v City of Cohoes, 37 NY2d 162, 166, quoting from 19 McQuillin, Municipal Corporations § 54.108; see also, Holt v County of Tioga, 95 AD2d 934). Cognizant that "fairness requires that the city maintain a record of written notices of defect received, open to the inspection of an injured party or his attorney, so that it may be readily ascertained and established whether the city has received notice with respect to a particular defect” (mem of Joint Legis Comm on Municipal Tort Liability, 1957 McKinney’s Session Laws of NY [L 1957, ch 783, § 3], at 2153), the Legislature imposed a duty upon cities, towns, and villages to keep an "indexed record” of all such notices. The contents of the indexed record must include "the date of receipt of the notice, the nature and location of the condition stated to exist, and the name and address of the person from whom the notice is received” (General Municipal Law former § 50-g; Town Law former § 65-a [4]; Village Law former § 4-402).

The legislative intent for enacting a statutory duty to keep an indexed record of all written notices of defect can be discerned from the legislative history of General Municipal Law former § 50-g. This section imposed such a duty upon a city which, by charter, statute or local law, had insulated itself from liability for damages resulting from nonfeasance by requiring prior written notice of a defect as a condition precedent to bringing a cause of action. The Legislature enacted the statute, upon the recommendation of the Joint Legislative Committee on Municipal Tort Liability, apparently to remedy the uncertainty and difficulty an injured party encountered, after the prior written notice requirement went into effect, in attempting to discover if a city had received prior written notice of the defect. Noting that a city should be [884]*884liable if it had received notice of the defect and had neglected to repair it within a reasonable time, the Committee opined that "a person injured as a result of the defect should not be put to the uncertainty and difficulty of discovering whether the city has received written notice of the particular defect which now prevails” (mem of Joint Legis Comm on Municipal Tort Liability, 1957 McKinney’s Session Laws of NY, at 2153).

In 1987, the Legislature amended, prospectively, the form in which indexed records were to be maintained. The amendment required notices of defect to be indexed by location (see, General Municipal Law § 50-g; Town Law § 65-a; Village Law § 4-402; Highway Law § 139) in order to further "assist injured" parties in determining whether a claim can be filed and to enhance the municipalities’ risk management and repair programs” (see, Governor’s approval mem, 1987 NY Legis Ann, at 219; see also, mem of Senator Christopher Mega, 1987 NY Legis Ann, at 218).

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Bluebook (online)
153 A.D.2d 881, 545 N.Y.S.2d 601, 1989 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 11798, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mollahan-v-village-of-port-washington-north-nyappdiv-1989.