McGarrah v. Posig

635 S.E.2d 219, 280 Ga. App. 808
Court of Appeals of Georgia·Decided July 28, 2006·No. A06A1205·Published·Cited by 14 cases

Opinion

Mikell, Judge.

Appellants Nancy A. McGarrah, a licensed psychologist, and her practice, Cliff Valley Psychologists, P.A., defendants below, bring this interlocutory appeal from the State Court of DeKalb County’s denial of their motion for summary judgment. For the reasons that follow, we reverse.

This case stems from psychological therapy and treatment provided by McGarrah1 to K. P. G., the minor child of appellee Michelle Posig. Posig sued McGarrah2 as mother and guardian of K. P. G., alleging that McGarrah breached a professional standard of care by her failure to detect and report sexual abuse of K. P. G. Under OCGA § 19-7-5, licensed psychologists must report suspected child abuse,3 including sexual abuse,4 to the appropriate authorities;5 knowing and wilful failure so to report is a criminal offense, a misdemeanor.6

Construing the evidence and all inferences therefrom in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party, as we must on review of the grant or denial of a motion for summary judgment,7 the record shows that, following a contentious divorce and custody battle, Posig and her ex-husband, David Gore, K. P. G.’s father, sought “postdivorce parent coordinating” from Susan Boyan, a licensed marriage and family therapist.8 During these parent counseling sessions, Posig alleged that Gore had sexually abused K. P. G. since she was an infant. Although Boyan found no evidence of abuse and made no report under OCGA § 19-7-5, she took the allegations seriously and referred the then five-year-old K. P. G. to McGarrah for evaluation “in order to explore abuse issues.”

[809]*809McGarrah saw K. P. G. professionally for evaluation and psychological treatment from January 30 to November 7, 2001. During her sessions with K. P. G., McGarrah learned that K. P. G. was obsessed with obtaining what she described to McGarrah as a “tickle feeling,” which McGarrah understood to refer to masturbation; that K. P. G. sought this “feeling” both in the bathtub while her mother was bathing her and in a “crushing game” she played with her father, in which he would lie on top of his daughter; and that K. P. G. “seemed to be quite needy for attention from other adults.” Because of K. P. G.’s age-inappropriate sexual behavior, McGarrah diagnosed K. P. G. with “adjustment reaction,” and she recommended that K. P. G. continue to receive therapy from another psychologist. Ultimately, after consulting with other professionals and presenting a hypothetical on the case to the ethics committee of the Georgia Psychological Association, McGarrah determined that K. P. G. was not the victim of sexual abuse, so she did not file a report pursuant to OCGA § 19-7-5.

On November 25, 2002, more than a year after McGarrah’s evaluation of K. P. G. had ended, Dr. Kirsten Silverman, K. P. G.’s pediatrician, reported to the authorities suspected child sexual abuse of K. P. G. by her father. Subsequent investigations by child welfare agencies did not result in Gore’s arrest or criminal prosecution for abuse of K. P. G., although one investigator determined that Gore’s behavior did suggest sexual abuse. Posig herself never made any report of her husband’s alleged abuse of her daughter to the authorities, because, she testified, she deferred to the therapists who were treating her daughter. On May 4,2004, subsequent to her filing of this lawsuit,9 Posig signed a partial consent agreement in Fulton County Superior Court, which granted herself and Gore joint legal custody of K. P. G. and stated that “both parents are fit and capable parents.”

In moving for summary judgment below, McGarrah relied on the opinions of this Court in Cechman v. Travis,10 Vance v. T. R. C., 11 and Fulton-DeKalb Hosp. Auth. v. Reliance Trust Co.12 In these decisions, we have clearly held that OCGA § 19-7-5 does not create a private cause of action for failure to report child abuse.13 The trial court nonetheless denied McGarrah’s motion, finding that “issues of fact remain for decision regarding whether Dr. McGarrah breached the standard of care by failing to report suspected abuse and whether [K. P. G.] suffered an injury due to the breach.” In so ruling, the court [810]*810below distinguished the case at bar from Cechman, Vance, and Fulton-DeKalb Hosp. on the grounds that, in these decisions, the plaintiffs common-law claims failed, not because no cause of action at common law existed, but because the injury to the plaintiff was not the proximate result of the breach of any legal duty owed by the defendants.

We disagree with the lower court’s reasoning. This appeal is controlled by Fulton-DeKalb Hosp.14 In that case, this Court carefully considered whether failure to detect and report child abuse gives rise to a cause of action for professional malpractice. There, in a case which was truly horrific on its facts, Terrell Peterson, a small child, was first brought to the emergency room of Grady Memorial Hospital in November 1996.15 His injuries at that time were so severe that the treating doctor diagnosed “battered child syndrome” and made a report of child abuse to the authorities pursuant to OCGA § 19-7-5. Terrell was again brought to the emergency room in late 1996, for burns on his feet, but no report of abuse was made, and the child was released to the care of his foster grandmother, the alleged abuser. The last time Terrell came to the emergency room, in January 1998, he was pronounced dead on arrival &emdash; the result of child abuse.16 Refusing to overrule its decisions in Cechman and Vance, this Court ruled that, even if the failure to report little Terrell’s burned feet was a violation of the mandated reporting requirement of OCGA § 19-7-5, the hospital authority breached no legal duty to Terrell by such failure to report, and such failure to report was not the proximate cause of Terrell’s injuries,17 which were suffered allegedly at the hands of his own foster grandmother.18

As this panel noted in oral argument, there may well be a moral duty to report child abuse, if it is reasonably suspected. The legal duty to report, however, is imposed in Georgia by statute, and as stated above, this statute does not give rise to a private cause of action for damages. In support of her claims, Posig attached to her complaint the affidavit of a licensed psychologist who states that the applicable standard of care “calls for psychologists ...

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McGarrah v. Posig, 635 S.E.2d 219, 280 Ga. App. 808 (Ga. Ct. App. 2006).

635 S.E.2d 219 (McGarrah v. Posig) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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McGarrah v. Posig
635 S.E.2d 219 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2006)