Winborne, J.
A careful consideration of plaintiff’s exceptive assignments fails to reveal reversible error. They are presented in four groups, and will be so considered in this opinion.
I. The court permitted defendant, over objection by plaintiff, to introduce in evidence: (a) Death certificate showing death of plaintiff’s testator, J. E. MeClamroch. Plaintiff contends that, upon two grounds, the admission of this certificate is prejudicial error: (1) Lack of proof of its authenticity for that same is not certified in accordance with the method prescribed in C. S., 7111. As to this, the record discloses that after objection upon the ground that the certificate is not authenticated and that it is “incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial,” counsel for plaintiff qualified the objection by saying: “We don’t deny that it is a record in the clerk’s office, but we deny its materiality and the competency.” Whereupon, “with the qualification stated by plaintiff’s counsel” the objection is overruled. Therefore, it appears that the objection is limited to materiality and competency, and not to the method of proof of the instrument itself. However, the contents of a public record may be proven in any court by the original record itself.
Blalock v. Whis-
nant,
216 N. C., 417, 5 S. E. (2d), 130, citing cases. (2) That the admission of the certificate is prejudicial for that there being no answer to the question: “If death was due to external causes (violence), fill in also the following,” defendant could argue, and argued, that if the death of testator had been caused by accident the doctor would have said so. The verdict of the jury, however, negatives any prejudicial effect of the lack of answer to the question. Hence, if there were error in admitting the certificate in evidence, no harm has resulted to plaintiff.
Cochran v. Mills,
169 N. C., 57, 85 S. W., 149. (b) Letter from Jas. MeOlam-roch, who is a lawyer, and son of the testator and brother of the plaintiff executor, to the clerk of Superior Court of Guilford County, conveying information that: “There are no assets in the estate and that the sole purpose in instituting the administration was to bring suit for wrongful death,” and that, hence, “there are no inventories, accounts, or other reports to be filed.” Plaintiff contends that thus letter, not having been written by the plaintiff, is incompetent. He relies upon the decision in
Carpenter v. Power Co.,
191 N. C., 130, 131 S. E., 400. The factual situation there, however, is distinguishable from that here. It is noted that here the letter purports to have been written in response to a card from the clerk to the plaintiff, J. "W. McClamroch, calling for annual report on this estate. Further examination of the record discloses that the writer of this letter, as a witness for plaintiff, testified, that from his knowledge and familiarity with the business and the records of the business of his father, of which the father was sole proprietor, he knew of the large earnings of his father over a long period of years. Then, in the course of cross-examination with respect thereto, the witness identified the letter in question, and, without objection by plaintiff, the same was read into the record as a part of the testimony of the witness.
Later, when defendant came to offer evidence, plaintiff then objected to the admission of the letter in evidence. The record also discloses that later in the trial and without objection a report of the plaintiff as executor of the estate of the testator, giving similar information to that contained in the letter, was introduced in evidence at the instance of defendant.
In the light of the record, the admission of the letter is harmless. The general rule, as established in long line of decisions in this jurisdiction, is that evidence is harmless when similar evidence is admitted without objection.
Smith v. R. R.,
163 N. C., 143, 79 S. E., 433;
Shelton v. R. R.,
193 N. C. 670, 139 S. E., 232;
Colvard v. Power Co.,
204 N. C., 97, 167 S. E., 472;
Owens v. Lumber Co.,
212 N. C., 133, 193 S. E., 219;
S. v. Bright,
215 N. C., 537, 2 S. E. (2d), 541, and numerous other cases.
Hence, we deem it unnecessary to debate the question of competency and relevancy of the letter.
II. Tbe next assignment relates to an exception taken after trial witb respect to an incident occurring during tbe charge, and to a portion of tbe charge immediately following.
It appears from tbe record that tbe court referred to tbe executor J. "W. McClamroch as a witness, when in fact it was Jas. Gr. "W. McClam-roch who bad testified. Then tbe incident occurred in detail as follows: “Mr. McClamroch: May I interrupt, your Honor ? Tbe Court: I will bear from your counsel but not from a litigant. Mr. Frazier: What be wanted to say to your Honor was- Tbe Court: He is a lawyer and be knows better than that. Mr. McClamroch: I beg your pardon. Tbe Court: I will be glad for you to interrupt me, Mr. Frazier. Mr. Frazier : "What Mr. McClamroch bad called my attention to and I did not catch it was that Mr. McClamroch is not tbe executor. That is bis brother. Tbe Court: I see. I bad it in mind that this was Mr. J.
~W.
McClam-roch. Mr. Frazier: No, sir. Tbe Court: In any event, gentlemen, Mr. McClamroch — what are tbe initials of tbe witness? Mr. Frazier: Mr. J. G-.
W.
McClamroch. Tbe Court: Mr. J. Gr.
W.
McClamroch, according to tbe testimony, is tbe son of tbe testator. I just got tbe initials wrong. I was under tbe impression that this Mr. McClamroch was tbe executor.”
Thereupon, tbe court proceeded witb tbe charge as follows: “Tbe court charges you that be is an interested witness, and that you will scrutinize bis testimony because of bis interest in tbe case. Tbe law does not stop here, however. It says that tbe court must charge you to do exactly that, but it goes further than that and says that after you have scrutinized bis testimony — and, gentlemen, that same rule would apply to Mrs. McClamroch, tbe wife of tbe deceased- — -but it says that after you have scrutinized tbe testimony of these interested witnesses, if you shall find that they, or either of them, have or has testified to tbe truth, then it is your duty to give to tbe testimony that you shall find to be tbe truth, if any, even though it may have come from interested witnesses, tbe same weight and consideration you would bad it fallen from tbe mouth of a disinterested witness.”
Do tbe remarks of tbe court tend to disparage or to discredit tbe witness' testimony? Tbe Court has declared upon tbe subject in numerous cases, notably these:
S. v. Rogers,
113 N. C., 755, 91 S. E., 854;
S. v. Bryant,
189 N. C., 112, 126 S. E., 107;
S. v. Buchanan,
216 N. C., 34, and cases cited.
Tested by these decisions, a reading of tbe report of tbe instant incident fails to convey tbe impression that it comes under tbe prohibition of tbe legal ban.
Also, it is provided by statute, C. S., 401, that a party may appear “either in person or by attorney in actions or proceedings in which be is
interested.” Speaking to the effect of this statute in the case of
Abernethy v. Burns,
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Winborne, J.
A careful consideration of plaintiff’s exceptive assignments fails to reveal reversible error. They are presented in four groups, and will be so considered in this opinion.
I. The court permitted defendant, over objection by plaintiff, to introduce in evidence: (a) Death certificate showing death of plaintiff’s testator, J. E. MeClamroch. Plaintiff contends that, upon two grounds, the admission of this certificate is prejudicial error: (1) Lack of proof of its authenticity for that same is not certified in accordance with the method prescribed in C. S., 7111. As to this, the record discloses that after objection upon the ground that the certificate is not authenticated and that it is “incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial,” counsel for plaintiff qualified the objection by saying: “We don’t deny that it is a record in the clerk’s office, but we deny its materiality and the competency.” Whereupon, “with the qualification stated by plaintiff’s counsel” the objection is overruled. Therefore, it appears that the objection is limited to materiality and competency, and not to the method of proof of the instrument itself. However, the contents of a public record may be proven in any court by the original record itself.
Blalock v. Whis-
nant,
216 N. C., 417, 5 S. E. (2d), 130, citing cases. (2) That the admission of the certificate is prejudicial for that there being no answer to the question: “If death was due to external causes (violence), fill in also the following,” defendant could argue, and argued, that if the death of testator had been caused by accident the doctor would have said so. The verdict of the jury, however, negatives any prejudicial effect of the lack of answer to the question. Hence, if there were error in admitting the certificate in evidence, no harm has resulted to plaintiff.
Cochran v. Mills,
169 N. C., 57, 85 S. W., 149. (b) Letter from Jas. MeOlam-roch, who is a lawyer, and son of the testator and brother of the plaintiff executor, to the clerk of Superior Court of Guilford County, conveying information that: “There are no assets in the estate and that the sole purpose in instituting the administration was to bring suit for wrongful death,” and that, hence, “there are no inventories, accounts, or other reports to be filed.” Plaintiff contends that thus letter, not having been written by the plaintiff, is incompetent. He relies upon the decision in
Carpenter v. Power Co.,
191 N. C., 130, 131 S. E., 400. The factual situation there, however, is distinguishable from that here. It is noted that here the letter purports to have been written in response to a card from the clerk to the plaintiff, J. "W. McClamroch, calling for annual report on this estate. Further examination of the record discloses that the writer of this letter, as a witness for plaintiff, testified, that from his knowledge and familiarity with the business and the records of the business of his father, of which the father was sole proprietor, he knew of the large earnings of his father over a long period of years. Then, in the course of cross-examination with respect thereto, the witness identified the letter in question, and, without objection by plaintiff, the same was read into the record as a part of the testimony of the witness.
Later, when defendant came to offer evidence, plaintiff then objected to the admission of the letter in evidence. The record also discloses that later in the trial and without objection a report of the plaintiff as executor of the estate of the testator, giving similar information to that contained in the letter, was introduced in evidence at the instance of defendant.
In the light of the record, the admission of the letter is harmless. The general rule, as established in long line of decisions in this jurisdiction, is that evidence is harmless when similar evidence is admitted without objection.
Smith v. R. R.,
163 N. C., 143, 79 S. E., 433;
Shelton v. R. R.,
193 N. C. 670, 139 S. E., 232;
Colvard v. Power Co.,
204 N. C., 97, 167 S. E., 472;
Owens v. Lumber Co.,
212 N. C., 133, 193 S. E., 219;
S. v. Bright,
215 N. C., 537, 2 S. E. (2d), 541, and numerous other cases.
Hence, we deem it unnecessary to debate the question of competency and relevancy of the letter.
II. Tbe next assignment relates to an exception taken after trial witb respect to an incident occurring during tbe charge, and to a portion of tbe charge immediately following.
It appears from tbe record that tbe court referred to tbe executor J. "W. McClamroch as a witness, when in fact it was Jas. Gr. "W. McClam-roch who bad testified. Then tbe incident occurred in detail as follows: “Mr. McClamroch: May I interrupt, your Honor ? Tbe Court: I will bear from your counsel but not from a litigant. Mr. Frazier: What be wanted to say to your Honor was- Tbe Court: He is a lawyer and be knows better than that. Mr. McClamroch: I beg your pardon. Tbe Court: I will be glad for you to interrupt me, Mr. Frazier. Mr. Frazier : "What Mr. McClamroch bad called my attention to and I did not catch it was that Mr. McClamroch is not tbe executor. That is bis brother. Tbe Court: I see. I bad it in mind that this was Mr. J.
~W.
McClam-roch. Mr. Frazier: No, sir. Tbe Court: In any event, gentlemen, Mr. McClamroch — what are tbe initials of tbe witness? Mr. Frazier: Mr. J. G-.
W.
McClamroch. Tbe Court: Mr. J. Gr.
W.
McClamroch, according to tbe testimony, is tbe son of tbe testator. I just got tbe initials wrong. I was under tbe impression that this Mr. McClamroch was tbe executor.”
Thereupon, tbe court proceeded witb tbe charge as follows: “Tbe court charges you that be is an interested witness, and that you will scrutinize bis testimony because of bis interest in tbe case. Tbe law does not stop here, however. It says that tbe court must charge you to do exactly that, but it goes further than that and says that after you have scrutinized bis testimony — and, gentlemen, that same rule would apply to Mrs. McClamroch, tbe wife of tbe deceased- — -but it says that after you have scrutinized tbe testimony of these interested witnesses, if you shall find that they, or either of them, have or has testified to tbe truth, then it is your duty to give to tbe testimony that you shall find to be tbe truth, if any, even though it may have come from interested witnesses, tbe same weight and consideration you would bad it fallen from tbe mouth of a disinterested witness.”
Do tbe remarks of tbe court tend to disparage or to discredit tbe witness' testimony? Tbe Court has declared upon tbe subject in numerous cases, notably these:
S. v. Rogers,
113 N. C., 755, 91 S. E., 854;
S. v. Bryant,
189 N. C., 112, 126 S. E., 107;
S. v. Buchanan,
216 N. C., 34, and cases cited.
Tested by these decisions, a reading of tbe report of tbe instant incident fails to convey tbe impression that it comes under tbe prohibition of tbe legal ban.
Also, it is provided by statute, C. S., 401, that a party may appear “either in person or by attorney in actions or proceedings in which be is
interested.” Speaking to the effect of this statute in the case of
Abernethy v. Burns,
206 N. C., 370, 173 S. E., 899,
Stacy, G. J.,
said: “It is the general holding that a party has the right to appear
in propria persona
or by counsel. This right is alternative. A party has no right to appear both by himself and by counsel. Nor should he be permitted
ex gratia
to do so.”
The further charge with respect to testimony of interested witnesses is in harmony with recognized rule.
III. Plaintiff next assigns in group as error various portions of the charge bearing upon the issue of damages and with respect to the probative value of the mortuary tables. C. S., 1790. The exceptions are not well taken. From examination of the portions to which the exceptions relate it appears that in stating the rule for the admeasurement of damages, the court has followed in the main the exact language of the statute, C. S., 161, as applied in decisions of this Court in such cases.
Purnell v. R. R.,
190 N. C., 573, 130 S. E., 313;
Carpenter v. Power Co., supra.
Then as to the mortuary table, the charge taken as a whole in effect declares that the table is not conclusive, but only evidentiary.
Odom v. Lumber Co.,
173 N. C., 134, 91 S. E., 716;
Young v. Wood,
196 N. C., 435, 146 S. E., 70;
Trust Co. v. Greyhound Lines,
210 N. C., 293, 186 S. E., 320;
Hancock v. Wilson,
211 N. C., 129, 189 S. E., 631.
"We think the charge as given substantially complies with the statutory requirements of C. S., 564.
IV. Lastly, plaintiff contends that the court erred in refusing to set aside the verdict, and in the judgment.
It is contended that the verdict’reflects a compromise; that the jury was confused with reference to the issues; that “they came in for further instructions”; and after being further instructed retired and soon returned with a verdict of $1,000, which plaintiff contends is inadequate.
As stated in
Johnston v. Johnston,
213 N. C., 255, 195 S. E., 807, “It is the rule in this jurisdiction that in the absence of some imputed error of law or legal inference arising in connection therewith, the direct supervision of verdicts is a matter resting in the sound discretion of the trial court, and is not reviewable on appeal.” Here nothing appears which would warrant a departure from this rule.
No error.