Marshall v. State

563 N.E.2d 1341, 1990 Ind. App. LEXIS 1662, 1990 WL 210246
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 20, 1990
Docket27A02-9001-CR-66
StatusPublished
Cited by19 cases

This text of 563 N.E.2d 1341 (Marshall v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Marshall v. State, 563 N.E.2d 1341, 1990 Ind. App. LEXIS 1662, 1990 WL 210246 (Ind. Ct. App. 1990).

Opinions

SHIELDS, Presiding Judge.

Terry Marshall appeals the trial court’s refusal to vacate his conviction and sen[1342]*1342tence for operating a vehicle with a blood alcohol content (BAC) of .10% or more resulting in death and his convictions and sentences for six counts of reckless homicide, all class C felonies.

We affirm.

ISSUES

1. Whether Marshall can be convicted of reckless homicide for each death occasioned by his reckless operation of a motor vehicle.

2. Whether Marshall can be convicted of operating a motor vehicle with a BAC of .10% or more resulting in death and reckless homicide for the death of the same individual.

3. Whether the trial court erred in modifying Marshall’s sentence without giving him the opportunity to withdraw his guilty pleas.

4. Whether the trial court erred in refusing to reduce or suspend Marshall’s sentences within 180 days of his sentencing.

5. Whether Marshall received effective assistance of counsel.

FACTS

The evidence most favorable to the State is that six (6) passengers in an automobile Marshall was operating with a BAC of .12% died of injuries they received when Marshall lost control of the vehicle. Marshall was charged and pled guilty to six (6) counts of operating a vehicle with a BAC of .10% or more resulting in death and six (6) counts of reckless homicide. On February 10, 1989 Marshall received several sentences totalling forty (40) years. In July 1989 Marshall filed a motion for modification of his sentence pursuant to IC 35-38-l-17(a) (1988) which allows for modification of sentence within 180 days of a defendant’s sentencing.1 Prior to the hearing on his petition, he also asserted his twelve convictions and sentences violated the federal double jeopardy clause protection against multiple punishments for the same offense. Marshall also claimed his guilty plea counsel was ineffective because counsel recommended Marshall plead guilty as charged without regard to the double jeopardy issue and because he failed to procure expert opinion evidence as to how the accident occurred with the purpose of establishing Marshall was not the operator of the vehicle at the time of the accident.

The guilty plea court vacated five (5) of Marshall’s convictions for operating a vehicle with a BAC of .10% or more resulting in death and reduced his total sentence by eight (8) years; the court reaffirmed the six convictions and sentences for reckless homicide.

DISCUSSION AND DECISION

I.

Marshall claims the trial court erred in failing to vacate his multiple convictions and sentences for reckless homicide. He argues double jeopardy principles prohibit punishment for more than a single death arising out of a single incident of reckless conduct.

Marshall’s multiple convictions for reckless homicide can stand. The issue in considering the double jeopardy clause’s protection against multiple punishments for the same offense is one of ascertaining the intent of the lawmakers in enacting the particular criminal statute.

“The whole point of whether multiple offenses of the same statute are committed during a single transaction focuses on the definition of the crime involved.” Hurst v. State (1984), Ind.App., 464 N.E.2d 19, 21. Thus, the touchstone of whether the double jeopardy clause is violated is the legislature’s articulated intent. See Albernaz v. United States
[1343]*1343(1981), 450 U.S. 333, 101 S.Ct. 1137, 67 L.Ed.2d 275.

Kelly v. State (1988), Ind.App., 527 N.E.2d 1148, 1154. Following this logic, this court in Kelly concluded the essence of the crime of operating a vehicle while intoxicated resulting in death is the act of operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated; the result of death is a factor enhancing the crime rather than part of the definition of the crime. Thus, this court concluded only one offense of operating a vehicle while intoxicated resulting in death can be punished although multiple deaths occur. This same logic applies to the offense of operating a vehicle with a BAC of .10% or more resulting in death. The legislature’s articulated intent is that the crime consists of the prohibited conduct of operating a vehicle with a BAC of .10% or more and the resultant death is a factor enhancing the punishment. Therefore, the guilty plea court properly vacated five (5) of Marshall’s convictions and sentences for operating a motor vehicle with a BAC of .10% or more.

In contrast, reckless homicide is defined as the reckless killing of another human being. IC 35-42-1-5 (1988). In defining the offense, the legislature has articulated its intent that the essence of the crime is the death of another person, i.e., the result is part of the definition of the crime. Accordingly, where several deaths occur in the course of a single incident, the statute has been violated several times over. Therefore, the trial court did not err in refusing to vacate Marshall’s convictions of reckless homicide for each of the five decedents for whom his convictions of operating a motor vehicle with a BAC of .10 or more resulting in death were vacated.

II.

Marshall also argues the double jeopardy protection against multiple punishments prohibits his conviction of operating a motor vehicle with a BAC of .10% or more resulting in death and reckless homicide.

The trial court erred in refusing to vacate one of the two convictions for the individual whose death was the basis for a conviction on an operating count and a reckless homicide count.

Two cases have addressed the question whether a defendant can be convicted and punished for reckless homicide and operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated resulting in death. Drossos v. State (1982), Ind. App., 442 N.E.2d 1 and Carter v. State (1981), Ind.App., 424 N.E.2d 1047 hold a defendant cannot be convicted of both offenses for the same death. Hence, Marshall cannot be convicted of operating a motor vehicle with a BAC of .10% or more resulting in death and reckless homicide for the death of a single individual. Therefore, the trial court erred in failing to vacate either Marshall’s conviction and sentence for the operating offense or the reckless homicide offense based upon the death of the same individual.

III.

Citing Niece v. State (1983), Ind. App., 456 N.E.2d 1081, Marshall claims the trial court erred in modifying his sentence without giving him the opportunity to withdraw his guilty pleas. This asserted error is unavailing because Marshall never requested leave of the court to withdraw his guilty pleas. Had he wished to do so he should have requested that relief in a timely manner.

IV.

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Marshall v. State
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Bluebook (online)
563 N.E.2d 1341, 1990 Ind. App. LEXIS 1662, 1990 WL 210246, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/marshall-v-state-indctapp-1990.