Kennedy v. Robinson Mem. Hosp.

2016 Ohio 6990

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: September 26, 2016
• Docket: 2015-P-0047
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Kennedy v. Robinson Mem. Hosp., 2016-Ohio-6990.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

PORTAGE COUNTY, OHIO

CLAUDIA L. KENNEDY, : OPINION EXECUTRIX OF THE ESTATE OF DONALD R. GERRES, DECEASED, :

Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. 2015-P-0047 - vs - :

ROBINSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, et al., :

Defendants, :

EMERITUS OF RAVENNA : SENIOR LIVING, : Defendant-Appellant.

Civil Appeal from the Portage County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2014 CV 00764.

Judgment: Affirmed in part, and reversed and remanded in part.

Michael D. Shroge and Frank Gallucci, III, Plevin & Gallucci, L.P.A., Co., 55 Public Square, Suite 2222, Cleveland, OH 44113 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).

Keith Hansbrough and Kenneth W. McCain, Marshall Dennehey Warner Coleman & Goggin, 127 Public Square, Suite 3510, Cleveland, OH 44114 (For Defendant- Appellant).

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J.

{¶1} Emeritus of Ravenna Senior Living appeals from the judgment entry of the

Portage County Court of Common Pleas, denying its motion to stay proceedings and compel arbitration in a wrongful death and survivorship action filed by Claudia L.

Kennedy, Executrix of the Estate of Donald R. Gerres. Essentially, Emeritus contends

the trial court erred in interpreting a power of attorney signed by Mr. Gerres. We affirm

in part, and reverse and remand in part.

{¶2} September 18, 2009, Mr. Gerres signed a power of attorney, based on the

form set forth in former R.C. 1337.18. The power of attorney provided as follows:

{¶3} “3. Designation of Agent(s)

{¶4} “I, the principal, appoint and designate the following as my Attorney(s)-in- fact. {¶5} “Claudia L. Kennedy

{¶6} “* * *

{¶7} “4. Designation of Successor Agent(s).

{¶8} “I, the principal, hereby appoint and designate the following as my alternate or successor Agent(s).

{¶9} “Name: Michele Evans

{¶10} “* * *

{¶11} “Name: Nicole Mager

{¶12} “* * *

{¶13} “Any person can rely on a statement by a successor Agent that he or she

is properly acting under this document and may rely conclusively on any action or

decision made by that successor Agent. That person does not have to make any

further investigation or inquiry.”

2 {¶14} The power of attorney gave the attorney-in-fact or agent plenary powers to

deal with Mr. Gerres’ affairs.

{¶15} Evidently, on or about January 23, 2012, Mr. Gerres became a resident at

the Emeritus facility, for on that date, Ms. Evans, one of the successor agents, signed

the arbitration agreement in question, submitting all disputes between Mr. Gerres and

Emeritus to binding arbitration. At the time, Ms. Kennedy remained Mr. Gerres’

attorney-in-fact.

{¶16} Unfortunately, Mr. Gerres died October 17, 2013. September 23, 2014,

Ms. Kennedy filed her complaint in wrongful death and survivorship against seven

defendants: Emeritus; Robinson Memorial Hospital; Dr. Daniel Kendis, M.D.; Dr. Mark

E. Kaplan, M.D.; Western Reserve Senior Care; Dr. Sataya Acharya, M.D.; and Denise

Mohar, CNP. The various defendants answered, demanding jury trials, and discovery

ensued. On or about March 24, 2015, Emeritus filed its motion to stay proceedings and

compel arbitration. This was opposed by Ms. Kennedy and Dr. Kaplan.

{¶17} June 5, 2015, the trial court filed its judgment entry denying the motion to

stay proceedings and compel arbitration. In pertinent part, the trial court held:

{¶18} “[I]t is clear that Michelle Evans was acting as a successor agent pursuant

to the power of attorney [when she signed the arbitration agreement]. Unfortunately,

Ms. Evans power had not yet transferred to her as she was only a successor agent.

Any representations regarding the authority of the successor agent, though they may

have been relied upon as stated in the power of attorney, do not cause the successor

agent to stand in the place of the principal.”

3 {¶19} Emeritus timely noticed this appeal, assigning one error:

{¶20} “The trial court erred by denying defendant Emeritus of Ravenna Senior

Living’s motion to stay proceedings and compel arbitration and by failing to determine

that all claims brought by plaintiffs against defendant Emeritus of Ravenna Senior Living

are subject to the arbitration agreement as a written arbitration agreement, signed by a

person with binding authority under Ohio law on behalf of plaintiffs, exists.” 1

{¶21} Under this assignment of error, Emeritus presents two issues. The first is:

“Whether Michele Evans had authority to sign the arbitration agreement?” Emeritus

argues the trial court misinterpreted the power of attorney, by concluding Ms. Evans had

not succeeded to her authority as an agent, able to act on Mr. Gerres’ behalf. Emeritus

points out that the fourth clause of the power of attorney provides that Mr. Gerres

appointed Ms. Evans and Ms. Mager as his “alternate or successor agents,” to Ms.

Kennedy. (Emphasis added.) Essentially, Emeritus contends all three were competent

to act for Mr. Gerres, and that Ms. Evans could sign the arbitration agreement, even

though Ms. Kennedy remained his attorney-in-fact at the time it was signed. As further

support for this interpretation of the power of attorney, Emeritus notes that it could have

included language specifying that the alternate or successor agents could only act if the

agent died, resigned, or was unable to serve, but did not. We decline to reach this

issue, finding the second issue presented by Emeritus dispositive.

1. February 24, 2016, after oral argument in this case, Ms. Kennedy submitted supplemental authority, in the form of Scott v. Kindred Transitional Care & Rehab., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103256, 2016-Ohio-495. Ms. Kennedy made a brief argument outlining her view of this case, in addition to submitting the citation. That same day, Emeritus moved to strike, noting that Loc.R. 21(E) does not permit any argument in connection with a submission of supplemental authority. Ms. Kennedy has opposed the motion to strike, and Emeritus has replied. On due consideration, we deny the motion to strike, and accept the supplemental authority, but ignore the arguments made about it. We respectfully find the Scott case inapplicable. Therein, the trial court and the court of appeals found an arbitration agreement unenforceable because there was no written power of attorney authorizing the decedent’s alleged agent to sign any agreement whatsoever.

4 {¶22} A power of attorney is a written instrument. Testa v. Roberts, 44 Ohio

App.3d 161, 164 (6th Dist.1988). It is interpreted according to contract principles. See,

e.g., Alexander v. Buckeye Pipeline Co., 53 Ohio St.2d 241, paragraph one of the

syllabus.

{¶23} “The interpretation of a contract is a question of law that we review de

novo. Allstate Indemn. Co. v. Collister, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2006-T-0112, 2007-

Ohio-5201, ¶15, citing Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. Guman Bros. Farm, 73 Ohio

St.3d 107, 108, * * * (1995). Our primary goal is to ascertain and give effect to the intent

of the parties. Hamilton Ins. Servs., Inc. v. Nationwide Ins. Cos., 86 Ohio St.3d 270,

273, * * * (1999). We presume the intent of the parties to a contract resides in the

language used in the written instrument. Kelly v. Med. Life Ins. Co., 31 Ohio St.3d 130,

* * * (1987), paragraph one of the syllabus. A contract is to be read as a whole and the

intent of each part gathered from a consideration of the whole. Saunders v. Mortensen,

101 Ohio St. 3d 86, 2004-Ohio-24, * * *.” (Parallel citations omitted.) Andover Village

Retirement Community, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2013-A-0057, 2014-Ohio-4983, ¶11.

{¶24} Further, appellate courts will not construe a contract so as to reach an

absurd result. QualChoice, Inc. v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 11th Dist. Lake No. 2007-L-172,

2008-Ohio-6979, ¶37.

{¶25} Emeritus’ second issue is: “Whether Emeritus justifiably relied on the

intent of Donald R. Gerres, expressed through the language of the power of attorney, to

determine that Michele Evans had authority to sign the arbitration agreement?” Under

this issue, Emeritus advances the doctrine of apparent authority of an agent to act for

her principal. As stated by the Supreme Court of Ohio, the doctrine provides:

5 {¶26} “[E]ven where one assuming to act as agent for a party in the making of a

contract has no actual authority to so act, such party will be bound by the contract if he

has by his words or conduct, reasonably interpreted, caused the other party to the

contract to believe that the one assuming to act as agent had the necessary authority to

make the contract. Restatement of the Law of Agency, 76, Section 27; 1 Ohio

Jurisprudence, 674, Section 34. See Kroeger, Supt., v. Brody, Trustee, 130 Ohio St.,

559, * * *.” (Parallel citation omitted.) Miller v. Wick Bldg. Co., 154 Ohio St. 93, 95-96

(1950).

{¶27} Emeritus argues it had the right to rely on Ms. Evans’ apparent authority to

sign the power of attorney. We agree. The right of third parties to rely on the acts and

representations of the attorneys-in-fact as set forth in the subject power of attorney is

wide-ranging: Emeritus could reasonably rely on Ms. Evans’ act in signing the

arbitration agreement that she possessed the power to do so.

{¶28} Nevertheless, we must further enquire as to what claims are subject to

arbitration in this case. In Peters v. Columbus Steel Castings Co., 115 Ohio St.3d 134,

2007-Ohio-4787, the Supreme Court of Ohio held that a decedent could not bind his or

her beneficiaries to arbitrate wrongful death claims. Id. at ¶19. June 6, 2016, appellees

submitted a second notice of supplemental authority to this court, that being the June 1,

2016 decision in Vickers v. Canal Pointe Nursing Home & Rehab. Ctr., 9th Dist. Summit

No. 27757, 2016-Ohio-3244. In that case, the Ninth District considered the effect of the

decision in Marmet Health Care Ctr., Inc v. Brown, 565 U.S. , 132 S.Ct. 1201 (2012)

on Ohio law.

6 {¶29} “In Marmet Health Care Ctr., Inc., the United States Supreme Court held

that states may not create categorical bans ‘against predispute agreements to arbitrate

personal-injury or wrongful-death claims against nursing homes (* * *).’ Marmet Health

Care Ctr., Inc. at 1204. There, family members in three consolidated cases signed

admission agreements with nursing homes on behalf of their relatives, who were unable

to do so at the time of their admissions. All three agreements contained arbitration

clauses that the nursing homes later sought to invoke. The Supreme Court of Appeals

of West Virginia determined that the arbitration clauses were unenforceable as a matter

of public policy. See Brown ex rel. Brown v. Genesis Healthcare Corp., 228 W.Va. 646,

* * * (2011). In essence, the West Virginia Court carved out an exception for arbitration

agreements that arise in the context of nursing home admissions due to the inherently

complicated and stressful circumstances that typically exist in those circumstances.

The United States Supreme Court held, however, that ‘“(w)hen state law prohibits

outright the arbitration of a particular type of claim, (* * *) (t)he conflicting rule is

displaced by the (Federal Arbitration Act).”’ Marmet Health Care Ctr., Inc. at 1203,

quoting AT & T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion, 563 U.S. 333, * * * (2011). Because the

West Virginia Court’s holding amounted to a categorical ban on the arbitration of certain

claims against nursing homes, the United States Supreme Court reversed the West

Virginia Court’s judgment. See Marmet HealthCare Ctr., Inc. at 1203-1204.

{¶30} “Upon review, we do not agree that the Ohio Supreme Court in Peters

created the same type of categorical ban against arbitration that the United States

Supreme Court struck down in Marmet Health Care Ctr., Inc. Peters was not a public

policy decision. Rather, the Peters Court issued its decision on the basis of an

7 accepted contractual principle: ‘that only signatories to an arbitration agreement are

bound by its terms.’ McFarren v. Emeritus at Canton, 5th Dist. Stark No.

2013CA00040, 2013-Ohio-3900, ¶29, * * * citing Peters, 115 Ohio St.3d 134, 2007-

Ohio-4787, * * *. The Federal Arbitration Act specifically provides that arbitration

provisions are valid and enforceable, ‘save upon such grounds as exist at law or in

equity for the revocation of any contract.’ 9 U.S.C. 2. ‘“(A)rbitration is a matter of

contract and a party cannot be required to submit to arbitration any dispute which he

has not agreed so to submit.”’ Council of Smaller Ent. v. Gates, McDonald & Co., 80

Ohio St.3d 661, 665, * * * (1998), quoting AT & T Tech., 475 U.S. 643, 648, * * * (1986).

Accordingly, ‘(t)he holding in Peters requiring a real party in interest to sign an

arbitration agreement for (it) to be enforceable is not in conflict with the (Act) (* * *).’

McFarren at ¶29.

{¶31} “As previously set forth, wrongful death claims arise separately from

survivorship claims and ‘belong to separate individuals, even though they are generally

brought by the same nominal party (the personal representative of the estate).’ Peters

at ¶17. Mr. Vickers signed an admission agreement and arbitration agreement with

Canal Pointe as his father's representative. Canal Pointe never argued that he signed

the agreement in an individual capacity such that it might be enforceable against him.

See McFarren at ¶30. Absent Mr. Vickers or his father’s other beneficiaries signing the

arbitration agreement in an individual capacity, ‘they cannot be forced into arbitration.’

Peters at ¶19. As such, the trial court erred when it granted Canal Pointe’s motion to

stay and compel arbitration as to the wrongful death claim that Mr. Vickers brought on

8 behalf of his father’s beneficiaries. See McFarren at ¶29-31. Mr. Vickers’ sole

assignment of error is sustained.” (Parellel citations omitted.)

{¶32} In this case, appellees have both survivorship and wrongful death claims

against Emeritus. We agree with the Ninth District that appellees are not bound to

arbitrate the wrongful death claims, as they did not enter any contracts with Emeritus for

arbitration of these claims. Consequently, appellees wrongful death claims are not

subject to arbitration on remand, only their survivorship claims. 2

{¶33} This appeal arose from Emeritus’ motion to stay proceedings and compel

arbitration. We note that those proceedings not subject to arbitration must,

nevertheless, be stayed pending outcome of the arbitration. R.C. 2711.02(B) provides:

“[i]f any action is brought upon any issue referable to arbitration under an agreement in

writing for arbitration, the court in which the action is pending, upon being satisfied that

the issue involved in the action is referable to arbitration under an agreement in writing

for arbitration, shall on application of one of the parties stay the trial of the action until

the arbitration of the issue has been had in accordance with the agreement * * *.” See

also Estate of Younce v. Heartland of Centerville, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26794,

2016-Ohio-2965, ¶47 “if any of the claims are subject to an arbitration agreement, R.C.

2711.02 requires a stay of the trial proceedings, regardless of whether the dispute also

involves parties who are not a party to the agreement and who cannot be compelled to

arbitrate.” (Citation omitted.)

2. We note that on May 5, 2016, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau proposed stringent new rules limiting arbitration clauses in credit card agreements and other consumer financial instruments. The New York Times Online, Rule on Arbitration Would Restore Right to Sue Banks, http://nyti.ms/1NY3FKX (accessed June 30, 2016).

9 {¶34} The judgment of the Portage County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed

in part, and reversed and remanded in part.

CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, P.J.,

DIANE V. GRENDELL, J.

concur.