1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JOHN C. RODRIGUEZ, Case No.: 3:22-cv-01437-DMS-KSC CDCR #BB-8937, 12 ORDER: 13 Plaintiff, (1) GRANTING MOTION TO 14 vs. PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 15 [ECF No. 2]
16 R. MADDEN, Warden; (2) DISMISSING DEFENDANT VALENCIA, Correctional Officer, 17 MADDEN AS A PARTY Defendants. PURSUANT TO 18 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) AND 19 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1)
20 AND 21 (3) DIRECTING U.S. MARSHAL 22 TO EFFECT SERVICE UPON 23 DEFENDANT VALENCIA PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) 24 AND Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(3) 25 26 On August 5, 2022, Plaintiff John C. Rodriguez, who is currently incarcerated at 27 California State Prison-Los Angeles County (“LAC”) and proceeding pro se, filed this 28 rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in the Central District of California, together 1 with a Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”). See ECF Nos. 1 & 2. Because 2 Rodriguez claims correctional officials at Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility 3 (“RJD”) in San Diego violated his Eighth Amendment rights in December 2020 while he 4 was housed there, the Honorable Fred W. Slaughter found venue was proper in the 5 Southern District, but not the Central District of California pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b), 6 and transferred the case here in the interests of justice pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1406(a). See 7 ECF No. 6. Judge Slaughter expressly declined to rule on Rodriguez’s pending Motion to 8 Proceed IFP, and made no determination as to whether his Complaint survives the sua 9 sponte screening required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) and 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b). Id. at 3. 10 I. MOTION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 11 All parties instituting any civil action, suit or proceeding in a district court of the 12 United States, except an application for writ of habeas corpus, must pay a filing fee of 13 $402.1 See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). The action may proceed despite a plaintiff’s failure to 14 prepay the entire fee only if he is granted leave to proceed IFP pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 15 § 1915(a). See Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1051 (9th Cir. 2007); Rodriguez v. 16 Cook, 169 F.3d 1176, 1177 (9th Cir. 1999). However, the Prison Litigation Reform Act’s 17 (“PLRA”) amendments to § 1915 require that all prisoners who proceed IFP to pay the 18 entire fee in “increments” or “installments,” Bruce v. Samuels, 577 U.S. 82, 83–84 (2016); 19 Williams v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 1185 (9th Cir. 2015), and regardless of whether their 20 action is ultimately dismissed. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1) & (2); Taylor v. Delatoore, 281 21 F.3d 844, 847 (9th Cir. 2002). 22 Section 1915(a)(2) requires all persons seeking to proceed without full prepayment 23 of fees to file an affidavit that includes a statement of all assets possessed and demonstrates 24 an inability to pay. See Escobedo v. Applebees, 787 F.3d 1226, 1234 (9th Cir. 2015). In 25 26 1 In addition to the $350 statutory fee, civil litigants must pay an additional administrative fee of 27 $52. See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) (Judicial Conference Schedule of Fees, District Court Misc. Fee Schedule, § 14 (eff. Dec. 1, 2021)). The additional $52 administrative fee does not apply to 28 1 support of this affidavit, the PLRA also requires prisoners to submit a “certified copy of 2 the trust fund account statement (or institutional equivalent) for ... the 6-month period 3 immediately preceding the filing of the complaint.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2); Andrews v. 4 King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1119 (9th Cir. 2005). From the certified trust account statement, the 5 Court assesses an initial payment of 20% of (a) the average monthly deposits in the account 6 for the past six months, or (b) the average monthly balance in the account for the past six 7 months, whichever is greater, unless the prisoner has no assets. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1); 8 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4). The institution having custody of the prisoner collects subsequent 9 payments, assessed at 20% of the preceding month’s income, in any month in which his 10 account exceeds $10, and forwards those payments to the Court until the entire filing fee 11 is paid. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2); Bruce, 577 U.S. at 84. 12 In support of his IFP Motion, Rodriguez complied with 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2) by 13 submitting a copy of his CDCR Inmate Trust Account Statement Report. See ECF No. 2 14 at 4–5; see also S.D. Cal. CivLR 3.2; Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1119. This Report shows 15 Rodriguez maintained an average monthly balance of $51.83, and had $120.60 in average 16 monthly deposits credited to his account over the 6-month period immediately preceding 17 the filing of his Complaint. Rodriguez’s available balance at the time his Report was 18 generated was $52.39. See ECF No. 2 at 4. 19 Based on this accounting, the Court GRANTS Rodriguez’s Motion to Proceed IFP 20 (ECF No. 2) and assesses an initial partial filing fee of $24.12 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 21 § 1915(b)(1). However, this initial fee need be collected only if sufficient funds are 22 available in Rodriguez’s account at LAC the time this Order is executed. See 28 U.S.C. 23 § 1915(b)(4) (providing that “[i]n no event shall a prisoner be prohibited from bringing a 24 civil action or appealing a civil action or criminal judgment for the reason that the prisoner 25 has no assets and no means by which to pay the initial partial filing fee.”); Bruce, 577 U.S. 26 at 86; Taylor, 281 F.3d at 850 (finding that 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4) acts as a “safety-valve” 27 preventing dismissal of a prisoner’s IFP case based solely on a “failure to pay ... due to the 28 lack of funds available to him when payment is ordered.”). Whatever balance remains of 1 the $350 total fee owed in this case must be collected by the agency having custody of 2 Rodriguez and forwarded to the Clerk of the Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). 3 II. SCREENING PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) & 1915A(b) 4 A. Standard of Review 5 Because Rodriguez is a prisoner proceeding IFP, his Complaint requires a 6 preliminary screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) & 1915A(b). Under these 7 statutes, the Court must sua sponte dismiss a prisoner’s IFP complaint, or any portion of 8 it, which is frivolous, malicious, fails to state a claim, or seeks damages from defendants 9 who are immune. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126–27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) 10 (discussing 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)); Rhodes v. Robinson, 621 F.3d 1002, 1004 (9th Cir. 11 2010) (discussing 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)). “The purpose of § 1915A is to ensure that the 12 targets of frivolous or malicious suits need not bear the expense of responding.” Nordstrom 13 v. Ryan, 762 F.3d 903, 920 n.1 (9th Cir. 2014) (internal quote marks omitted). 14 “The standard for determining whether a plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon 15 which relief can be granted under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is the same as the Federal Rule of 16 Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) standard for failure to state a claim.” Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 17 1108, 1112 (9th Cir. 2012); see also Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1121 (9th Cir. 18 2012) (noting that § 1915A screening “incorporates the familiar standard applied in the 19 contest of failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)”). Rule 20 12(b)(6) requires a complaint to “contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state 21 a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) 22 (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). Detailed factual 23 allegations are not required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action 24 supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Id. “Determining whether a 25 complaint states a plausible claim for relief [is] ... a context-specific task that requires the 26 reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense.” Id. at 679. The 27 “mere possibility of misconduct” or unadorned, “the defendant-unlawfully-harmed me 28 accusation[s]” fall short of meeting this plausibility standard. Id. at 678–79. 1 B. Plaintiff’s Allegations 2 On or about December 14, 2020, while Rodriguez was housed in the “Upper G 3 section” of RJD’s Ad-Seg Unit in Building #7, Defendant Correctional Officer Valencia 4 was assigned to escort him to the yard. See Compl. at 4. At his cell door, Rodriguez 5 reported to Valencia that he was “very dizzy all morning.” Id. Valencia asked: “Are you 6 going to go to yard or not?” Rodriguez agreed and “cuffed up.” Id. When the two reached 7 the stairs, Rodriguez asked Valencia to help him down the stairs. However, Valencia “did 8 not even have a hand on as per CDCR rules of escorting Ad-Seg inmates.” Id. When 9 Rodriguez took his first step, he fell down the staircase while in handcuffs. Id. Rodriguez 10 contends his fall was recorded on video, and he suffered a “life-threatening injury” as a 11 result. Id. 12 Attached to Rodriguez’s Complaint are a CDCR 602 Health Care Grievance, Log 13 No. HDSP-HC-21000-781, which he appears to have filed after he was transferred to High 14 Desert State Prison, id. at 9‒14, and portions of a UC San Diego Health trauma evaluation 15 and radiology records. Id. at 15‒22. These exhibits indicate Rodriguez underwent “same 16 day cervical spine and head CT examinations” after his December 14, 2020 fall which 17 revealed an “extensive right front scalp hematoma control laceration extending into the pre 18 and periorbital soft tissues,” an “associated fracture of the superior right orbital rim,” an 19 “additional hairline fracture deformity of the right anteroinferior frontal bone transgressing 20 the anterior and posterior cortex of the frontal sinus,” and “minimally displaced bilateral 21 anterior nasal bone fractures,” but “no fracture or dislocation [of his] thoracic or lumbar 22 spine.” Id. at 16, 19, 21. 23 Rodriguez claims Valencia’s actions amounted to cruel and unusual punishment as 24 prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. Id. at 4. He seeks nearly $2 million in general and 25 punitive damages, and an injunction preventing “any from of retaliation.” Id. at 8.2 26 27 2 Because Rodriguez is longer incarcerated at RJD, his claims for injunctive relief is moot. 28 1 C. 42 U.S.C. § 1983 2 Section 1983 is a “vehicle by which plaintiffs can bring federal constitutional and 3 statutory challenges to actions by state and local officials.” Anderson v. Warner, 451 F.3d 4 1063, 1067 (9th Cir. 2006). To state a claim under section 1983, Rodriguez must allege 5 two essential elements: (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United 6 States was violated; and (2) that the alleged violation was committed by a person acting 7 under color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988); Naffe v. Frey, 789 8 F.3d 1030, 1035‒36 (9th Cir. 2015). 9 Rodriguez alleges R. Madden was the Warden of RJD, and Correctional Officer 10 Valencia was employed there and responsible for ensuring his safety during the December 11 14, 2020 escort. See Compl. at 1‒2, 4. “State employment is generally sufficient to render 12 the defendant a state actor.” West, 487 U.S. at 48 (internal quotations and alterations 13 omitted); see also Anderson, 451 F.3d at 1068 (“It is firmly established that a defendant in 14 a § 1983 suit acts under color of state law when he abuses the position given to him by the 15 State.”) (citing West, 487 U.S. at 49–50). Therefore, the Court need only consider whether 16 Rodriguez has also alleged facts sufficient to show either Warden Madden or Correctional 17 Officer Valencia violated his Eighth Amendment rights. 18 1. Rodriguez Fails to Allege Warden Madden’s Individual Liability 19 The Court first finds Rodriguez’s Complaint fails to state any plausible claim for 20 relief against Warden R. Madden. Because vicarious liability is inapplicable to … § 1983 21 suits, a plaintiff must plead that each Government-official defendant, through the official’s 22 own individual actions, has violated the Constitution.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676; Palmer v. 23 Sanderson, 9 F.3d 1433, 1437‒38 (9th Cir. 1993) (noting there is no respondeat superior 24 liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983). Supervisory officials like Warden Madden may only be 25
26 27 1991) (per curiam) (holding claims for injunctive relief “relating to [a prison’s] policies are moot” when the prisoner has been moved and “he has demonstrated no reasonable 28 1 held liable under § 1983 if Rodriguez alleges his “personal involvement in the 2 constitutional deprivation, or ... a sufficient causal connection between the supervisor’s 3 wrongful conduct and the constitutional violation.” Keates v. Koile, 883 F.3d 1228, 1242‒ 4 43 (9th Cir. 2018); Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202, 1207 (9th Cir. 2011). In other words, “a 5 supervisor is liable for the acts of his subordinates ‘if the supervisor participated in or 6 directed the violations, or knew of the violations of subordinates and failed to act to prevent 7 them.’” Corales v. Bennett, 567 F.3d 554, 570 (9th Cir. 2009) (citations omitted). 8 Rodriguez lists “R. Madden (Warden)” as a party to his case by including him in the 9 title of his Complaint. See Compl. at 1; Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(a) (“The title of the complaint 10 must name all the parties.”). While Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 “does not require 11 ‘detailed factual allegations,’” it “demands more than an unadorned, the-defendant- 12 unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (citation omitted). In order 13 “[t]o survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, 14 accepted as true, to ‘state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face.’” Iqbal, 662 U.S. 15 at 678 (citations omitted). While Rodriguez’s Complaint identifies Madden as RJD’s 16 Warden, it includes no facts linking the Warden to his claim for relief. Nor does it describe 17 what role Warden Madden played with respect to the injuries Rodriguez sustained as a 18 result of his fall on December 14, 2020. In fact, nothing in Rodriguez’s Complaint plausibly 19 suggests Madden “through his own individual actions, ... violated the Constitution.” Iqbal, 20 556 at 676; see also Jones v. Commty. Redevelopment Agency of City of Los Angeles, 733 21 F.2d 646, 649 (9th Cir. 1984) (even pro se plaintiff must “allege with at least some degree 22 of particularity overt acts which defendants engaged in” in order to state a claim). 23 Therefore, to the extent Rodriguez includes Madden as a party in the title of his Complaint, 24 but alleges no plausible claim for relief against him, Rodriguez’s Complaint is dismissed 25 sua sponte pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) and § 1915A(b)(1). See Watison 668 26 F.3d at 1112; Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1121. 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 2. Rodriguez Sufficiently Alleges Officer Valencia Failed to Protect Him 2 Rodriguez’s allegations against Correctional Officer Valencia, on the other hand, 3 liberally construed, are “sufficient to warrant ... an answer.” Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1123; 4 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 & n.7 (9th Cir. 2010) (noting 5 that pro se pleadings require liberal construction post–Iqbal). 6 The Eighth Amendment prohibits “cruel and unusual punishments.” U.S. CONST. 7 AMEND. VIII. “To establish an Eighth Amendment violation, a plaintiff must satisfy both 8 an objective standard—that the deprivation was serious enough to constitute cruel and 9 unusual punishment—and a subjective standard—deliberate indifference.” Balla v. Idaho, 10 29 F.4th 1019, 1025 (9th Cir. 2022) (citations omitted). “Under the objective requirement, 11 the prison official’s acts or omissions must deprive an inmate of ‘the minimal civilized 12 measure of life’s necessities.’” Allen v. Sakai, 48 F.3d 1082, 1087 (9th Cir. 1994) (quoting 13 Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994)). This requires the inmate to allege facts 14 sufficient to show he was exposed to “conditions posing a substantial risk of serious harm” 15 or presenting an “excessive risk to [his] health or safety.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834, 837. 16 “The subjective requirement, relating to the defendant’s state of mind, requires 17 deliberate indifference.” Allen, 48 F.3d at 1087; see also Norbert v. City & Cnty. of San 18 Francisco, 10 F.4th 918, 927–28 (9th Cir. 2021). “[D]eliberate indifference [lies] 19 somewhere between the poles of negligence at one end and purpose or knowledge at the 20 other.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 836. To plausibly show a prison official was deliberately 21 indifferent, a plaintiff must allege the officer knew “of and disregard[ed] an excessive risk 22 to inmate health or safety; the official must both be aware of facts from which the inference 23 could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw the 24 inference.” Id. at 837. 25 “Persons involuntarily confined by the state have a constitutional right to safe 26 conditions of confinement. [But] [n]ot every deviation from ideally safe conditions 27 amounts to a constitutional violation.” Osolinski v. Kane, 92 F.3d 934, 938 (9th Cir. 1996) 28 (citation omitted). Thus, the mere risk that a prisoner might slip and fall does not constitute 1 a substantial risk of serious harm under the Eighth Amendment. See Jackson v. Arizona, 2 885 F.2d 639, 641 (9th Cir. 1989), superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in 3 Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1130 (9th Cir. 2000) (“[S]lippery prison floors ... do not 4 state even an arguable claim for cruel and unusual punishment.”); LeMaire v. Maass, 12 5 F.3d 1444, 1457 (9th Cir. 1993) (“[S]hackling a dangerous inmate in a shower” by itself 6 “does not create[] a sufficiently unsafe condition.”); see also Reynolds v. Powell, 370 F.3d 7 1028, 1031 (10th Cir. 2004) (“Simply put, [a] slip and fall, without more, does not amount 8 to cruel and unusual punishment.”) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 9 However, Rodriguez does not stake his Eighth Amendment claim on the condition 10 of the stairs. Instead, he contends Valencia failed to protect him from a substantial risk by 11 cuffing him before escort and then ignoring his request for assistance when he reached the 12 staircase. See Compl,. at 4. Rodriguez specifically alleges Valencia was aware he was 13 “very dizzy all morning,” and yet “did not even have a hand on [him]” as Rodriguez 14 attempted to descend. Id.3 Where a prisoner alleges exacerbating circumstances, including 15 a prison official’s awareness of a specific or obvious risk, and further claims he was injured 16 as a result of that official’s failure to employ reasonable protective measures to abate that 17 risk, courts have found viable Eighth Amendment violations. See Farmer, 511 U.S. at 847; 18 Frost v. Agnos, 152 F.3d 1124, 1129 (9th Cir. 1998) (allowing Eighth Amendment claim 19 to proceed where inmate on crutches fell and injured himself several times, despite prison 20 guards’ awareness of prior falls); Covert v. Graham, 2009 WL 2882871, at *3 (N.D. Cal. 21 Sept. 1, 2009) (finding prisoner’s claims of having been provided ill-fitting shoes and 22 23 24 3 To the extent Rodriguez seeks to hold Valencia for liable for failing to comply with 25 “CDCR rules of escorting Ad-Seg inmates,” see Compl. at 4, violations of state prison rules and regulations, without more, do not support any claims under § 1983. Ove v. Gwinn, 264 26 F.3d 817, 824 (9th Cir. 2001); Sweaney v. Ada County, Idaho, 119 F.3d 1385, 1391 (9th 27 Cir. 1997). Only if the events complained of rise to the level of a constitutional violation may Rodriguez pursue them under § 1983. Patel v. Kent School Dist., 648 F.3d 965, 971 28 1 forced to descend “wet, slimy, and dirty stairs” without assistance while handcuffed 2 sufficient to “present a cognizable claim of deliberate indifference to his safety.”); Curry 3 v. Tilton, 2007 WL 2778363, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 21, 2007) (finding Eighth Amendment 4 failure to protect claims sufficient where prison escort officer refused request for modified 5 handcuffs for inmate’s paralyzed arm and then failed to secure him as he descended stairs). 6 In short, because “awareness of a prisoner’s disability or proclivity toward falling 7 may turn a slippery prison floor,” or as alleged here, a cuffed prison escort down a staircase, 8 “into a potential constitutional claim,” Jones v. Meddly, 2019 WL 3302358, at *7 (E.D. 9 Cal. July 23, 2019), the Court finds Rodriguez’s Eighth Amendment claims against Officer 10 Valencia are sufficient to survive the “low threshold” set for initial preliminary screening 11 as required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) and 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1).4 Watison, 668 12 F.3d at 1112; Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1123; Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. Therefore, the Court will 13 direct the U.S. Marshal to effect service upon Officer Valencia on Rodriguez’s behalf. See 14 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) (“The officers of the court shall issue and serve all process, and 15 perform all duties in [IFP] cases.”); Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(3) (“[T]he court may order that 16 service be made by a United States marshal or deputy marshal ... if the plaintiff is 17 authorized to proceed in forma pauperis under 28 U.S.C. § 1915.”). 18 III. CONCLUSION AND ORDER 19 For the reasons discussed, the Court: 20 1) GRANTS Rodriguez’s Motion to Proceed IFP pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 21 § 1915(a) (ECF No. 2). 22 2) DIRECTS the Secretary of the CDCR, or her designee, to collect from 23 Rodriguez’s trust account the $24.12 initial filing fee assessed, if those funds are available 24 25 26 4 Rodriguez is cautioned, however, that “the sua sponte screening and dismissal procedure 27 is cumulative of, and not a substitute for, any subsequent Rule 12(b)(6) motion that [Defendant Valencia] may choose to bring.” Teahan v. Wilhelm, 481 F. Supp. 2d 1115, 28 1 at the time this Order is executed, and to forward whatever balance remains of the full $350 2 owed in monthly payments in an amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of the preceding 3 month’s income to the Clerk of the Court each time the amount in Plaintiff’s account 4 exceeds $10 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). ALL PAYMENTS MUST BE 5 CLEARLY IDENTIFIED BY THE NAME AND NUMBER ASSIGNED TO THIS 6 ACTION. 7 3) DIRECTS the Clerk of the Court to serve a copy of this Order by U.S. Mail 8 on Kathleen Allison, Secretary, CDCR, P.O. Box 942883, Sacramento, California, 94283- 9 0001, or by forwarding an electronic copy to trusthelpdesk@cdcr.ca.gov. 10 4) DISMISSES Defendant R. Madden (Warden) as a party to this case based on 11 Rodriguez’s failure to state a plausible claim for relief against him pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 12 § 1915(e)(2)(B) and § 1915A(b)(1). 13 5) DIRECTS the Clerk to issue a summons as to Rodriguez’s Complaint (ECF 14 No. 1) upon Defendant VALENCIA and forward it to Rodriguez along with a blank U.S. 15 Marshal Form 285. In addition, the Clerk will provide Rodriguez with a copy of this Order, 16 a certified copy his Complaint, and the summons so that he may serve Defendant 17 VALENCIA. Upon receipt of this “IFP Package,” Rodriguez must complete the U.S. 18 Marshal Form 285 as completely and accurately as possible, include an address where 19 Defendant VALENCIA may be served, see S.D. Cal. Civ. L.R. 4.1.c, and return it to the 20 United States Marshal according to the instructions the Clerk provides in the letter 21 accompanying his IFP package. 22 6) ORDERS the U.S. Marshal to serve a copy of Rodriguez’s Complaint and 23 summons upon Defendant VALENCIA at the address provided by Rodriguez on the USM 24 Form 285 provided, and to file an executed waiver of personal service upon VALENCIA 25 with the Clerk of Court as soon as possible after its return. Should Defendant VALENCIA 26 fail to return the U.S. Marshal’s request for waiver of personal service within 90 days, the 27 U.S. Marshal must instead file the completed Form USM 285 Process Receipt and Return 28 with the Clerk of Court, include the date the summons, Complaint and request for waiver 1 was mailed to VALENCIA, and indicate why service remains unexecuted. All costs of 2 service will be advanced by the United States; however, if VALENCIA is located within 3 the United States, and fails without good cause to sign and return the waiver requested by 4 the Marshal on Rodriguez’s behalf, the Court will impose upon VALENCIA any expenses 5 later incurred in making personal service. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d); Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(3). 6 7) ORDERS Defendant VALENCIA, once served, to reply to Complaint, and 7 any subsequent pleading Rodriguez may file in this matter in which VALENCIA is named 8 as a Defendant, within the time provided by the applicable provisions of Federal Rule of 9 Civil Procedure 12(a) and 15(a)(3). See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(g)(2) (stating that while a 10 defendant may occasionally be permitted to “waive the right to reply to any action brought 11 by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility under section 1983,” 12 once the Court has conducted its sua sponte screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) 13 and 1915A(b), and thus, has made a preliminary determination based on the face on the 14 pleading that Plaintiff has a “reasonable opportunity to prevail on the merits,” defendant is 15 required to respond). 16 8) ORDERS Rodriguez, after service has been effected by the U.S. Marshal, to 17 serve upon VALENCIA, or if appearance has been entered by counsel, upon VALENCIA’s 18 counsel, a copy of every further pleading, motion, or other document submitted for the 19 Court’s consideration pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b). Rodriguez must include with every 20 original document he seeks to file with the Clerk of the Court, a certificate stating the 21 manner in which a true and correct copy of that document was served on VALENCIA or 22 his counsel, and the date of that service. See S.D. Cal. CivLR 5.2. Any document received 23 by the Court which has not been properly filed with the Clerk, or which fails to include a 24 Certificate of Service upon Defendant VALENCIA, may be disregarded. 25 IT IS SO ORDERED. 26 Dated: 11/14/22 27 Hon. Dana M. Sabraw, Chief Judge United States District Court 28