1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JUAN MANUEL JUAREZ, Case No. 1:22-cv-00875-HBK (HC) 12 Petitioner, ORDER TO ASSIGN DISTRICT JUDGE 13 v. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO DISMISS PETITION1 14 SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA, FOURTEEN-DAY OBJECTION PERIOD 15 Respondent. (Doc. No. 1) 16 17 18 19 20 Petitioner Juan Manuel Juarez, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, has pending a petition 21 for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. (Doc. No. 1). This matter is before the Court 22 for preliminary review. See Rules Governing § 2254 Cases, Rule 4; 28 U.S.C. § 2243. Under 23 Rule 4, a district court must dismiss a habeas petition if it “plainly appears” that the petitioner is 24 not entitled to relief. See Valdez v. Montgomery, 918 F.3d 687, 693 (9th Cir. 2019); Boyd v. 25 Thompson, 147 F.3d 1124, 1127 (9th Cir. 1998). Courts have “an active role in summarily 26 disposing of facially defective habeas petitions” under Rule 4. Ross v. Williams, 896 F.3d 958, 27 1 This matter was referred to the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Rule 302 28 (E.D. Cal. 2022). 1 968 (9th Cir. 2018) (citation omitted). As more fully set forth herein, based on the facts and 2 governing law, the undersigned recommends that the Petition be dismissed because the sole 3 ground for relief raised in the Petition is unexhausted and fails to state a federal habeas claim. 4 I. BACKGROUND 5 Petitioner initiated this case on July 15, 2022 by filing the instant petition. (Doc. No. 1, 6 “Petition”). According to the Petition, Petitioner is currently serving twenty-four years to life for 7 convictions of “aiding and abetting to murder” and attempted murder, as well as an “inhouse 8 prison conviction” of great bodily injury on a corrections officer. (Id. at 2). To the extent 9 discernable, the Petition raises one ground for relief: Petitioner’s rights under the Sixth 10 Amendment were violated because the Superior Court judge considering his appeal of a 602 11 grievance did not obtain video recordings of Petitioner’s interview with the prison Chaplain. (Id. 12 at 3-4). Included with the Petition is a copy of the Kings’ County Superior Court June 27, 2022 13 Order denying the state petition for writ of habeas corpus because it fails to establish a prima 14 facie claim for relief, and fails to explain how the claim is “one for which the writ of habeas 15 corpus may grant relief.” (Doc. No. 1 at 7-8). 16 II. APPLICABLE LAW AND ANALYSIS 17 A. Failure to Exhaust 18 A petitioner in state custody who wishes to proceed on a federal petition for a writ of 19 habeas corpus must exhaust state judicial remedies. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1). Exhaustion is a 20 “threshold” matter that must be satisfied before the court can consider the merits of each claim. 21 Day v. McDonough, 547 U.S. 198, 205 (2006). The exhaustion doctrine is based on comity and 22 permits the state court the initial opportunity to resolve any alleged constitutional deprivations. 23 See Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 731 (1991); Rose v. Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 518 (1982). 24 To satisfy the exhaustion requirement, petitioner must provide the highest state court with a full 25 and fair opportunity to consider each claim before presenting it to the federal court. See 26 O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 845 (1999); Duncan v. Henry, 513 U.S. 364, 365 (1995). 27 The burden of proving exhaustion rests with the petitioner. Darr v. Burford, 339 U.S. 200, 218 28 (1950) (overruled in part on other grounds by Fay v. Noia, 372 U.S. 391 (1963)). A failure to 1 exhaust may only be excused where the petitioner shows that “there is an absence of available 2 State corrective process” or “circumstances exist that render such process ineffective to protect 3 the rights of the applicant.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1)(B)(i)-(ii). 4 Here, Petitioner does not show that “there is an absence of available State corrective 5 process” or “circumstances exist that render such process ineffective to protect the rights of the 6 applicant.” Id. Petitioner states he is seeking relief after being denied at the administrative levels 7 and in the Superior Court, but acknowledges that he has not sought review in the state court of 8 appeals or the state supreme court. (Doc. No. 1 at 5). The Court takes judicial notice of the 9 California Courts Appellate Courts Case Information online database pursuant to Rule 201 of the 10 Federal Rules of Evidence, which lists no supreme court cases for Petitioner. 2 Because it appears 11 Petitioner has failed to exhaust his claim, the undersigned recommends the court dismiss the 12 Petition because the sole ground for relief is unexhausted.3 If Petitioner presented his claim to the 13 California Supreme Court, he should provide proof of this filing to the court in his objections to 14 these findings and recommendations. 15 B. Failure to State a Habeas Claim 16 Furthermore, although on the preapproved § 2254 form, the Petition does not challenge 17 the fact or length of Petitioner’s confinement. See Badea v. Cox, 931 F. 2d 573, 574 (9th Cir. 18 1991) (noting purpose of habeas is to challenge “legality or duration” of a petitioner’s 19 incarceration, quoting Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 485 (1973)). Instead, the gravamen of 20 Petitioner’s underlying claim is that the prison Chaplain became agitated and acted 21 unprofessionally during his interview of Petitioner in connection with Petitioner’s 602 grievance. 22 To the extent such allegations can give rise to a claim, it should be raised in a civil rights action 23 under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, if appropriate. See Preiser, 411 U.S. at 499. While the court has 24
25 2 https://appellatecases.courtinfo.ca.gov/search.cfm?dist=0 (search “Search by Party” for “Juan Manuel Juarez”). 26 3 The undersigned also notes that the asserted violation of Petitioner’s “Sixth Amendment rights” is not the same claim asserted in his underlying administrative appeals and the appeal to the Kings County Superior 27 Court, which only addressed his 602 grievance regarding alleged unprofessional treatment by the prison Chaplain. Regardless, the record indicates that none of these claims were presented to the California 28 Supreme Court.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JUAN MANUEL JUAREZ, Case No. 1:22-cv-00875-HBK (HC) 12 Petitioner, ORDER TO ASSIGN DISTRICT JUDGE 13 v. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO DISMISS PETITION1 14 SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA, FOURTEEN-DAY OBJECTION PERIOD 15 Respondent. (Doc. No. 1) 16 17 18 19 20 Petitioner Juan Manuel Juarez, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, has pending a petition 21 for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. (Doc. No. 1). This matter is before the Court 22 for preliminary review. See Rules Governing § 2254 Cases, Rule 4; 28 U.S.C. § 2243. Under 23 Rule 4, a district court must dismiss a habeas petition if it “plainly appears” that the petitioner is 24 not entitled to relief. See Valdez v. Montgomery, 918 F.3d 687, 693 (9th Cir. 2019); Boyd v. 25 Thompson, 147 F.3d 1124, 1127 (9th Cir. 1998). Courts have “an active role in summarily 26 disposing of facially defective habeas petitions” under Rule 4. Ross v. Williams, 896 F.3d 958, 27 1 This matter was referred to the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Rule 302 28 (E.D. Cal. 2022). 1 968 (9th Cir. 2018) (citation omitted). As more fully set forth herein, based on the facts and 2 governing law, the undersigned recommends that the Petition be dismissed because the sole 3 ground for relief raised in the Petition is unexhausted and fails to state a federal habeas claim. 4 I. BACKGROUND 5 Petitioner initiated this case on July 15, 2022 by filing the instant petition. (Doc. No. 1, 6 “Petition”). According to the Petition, Petitioner is currently serving twenty-four years to life for 7 convictions of “aiding and abetting to murder” and attempted murder, as well as an “inhouse 8 prison conviction” of great bodily injury on a corrections officer. (Id. at 2). To the extent 9 discernable, the Petition raises one ground for relief: Petitioner’s rights under the Sixth 10 Amendment were violated because the Superior Court judge considering his appeal of a 602 11 grievance did not obtain video recordings of Petitioner’s interview with the prison Chaplain. (Id. 12 at 3-4). Included with the Petition is a copy of the Kings’ County Superior Court June 27, 2022 13 Order denying the state petition for writ of habeas corpus because it fails to establish a prima 14 facie claim for relief, and fails to explain how the claim is “one for which the writ of habeas 15 corpus may grant relief.” (Doc. No. 1 at 7-8). 16 II. APPLICABLE LAW AND ANALYSIS 17 A. Failure to Exhaust 18 A petitioner in state custody who wishes to proceed on a federal petition for a writ of 19 habeas corpus must exhaust state judicial remedies. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1). Exhaustion is a 20 “threshold” matter that must be satisfied before the court can consider the merits of each claim. 21 Day v. McDonough, 547 U.S. 198, 205 (2006). The exhaustion doctrine is based on comity and 22 permits the state court the initial opportunity to resolve any alleged constitutional deprivations. 23 See Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 731 (1991); Rose v. Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 518 (1982). 24 To satisfy the exhaustion requirement, petitioner must provide the highest state court with a full 25 and fair opportunity to consider each claim before presenting it to the federal court. See 26 O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 845 (1999); Duncan v. Henry, 513 U.S. 364, 365 (1995). 27 The burden of proving exhaustion rests with the petitioner. Darr v. Burford, 339 U.S. 200, 218 28 (1950) (overruled in part on other grounds by Fay v. Noia, 372 U.S. 391 (1963)). A failure to 1 exhaust may only be excused where the petitioner shows that “there is an absence of available 2 State corrective process” or “circumstances exist that render such process ineffective to protect 3 the rights of the applicant.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1)(B)(i)-(ii). 4 Here, Petitioner does not show that “there is an absence of available State corrective 5 process” or “circumstances exist that render such process ineffective to protect the rights of the 6 applicant.” Id. Petitioner states he is seeking relief after being denied at the administrative levels 7 and in the Superior Court, but acknowledges that he has not sought review in the state court of 8 appeals or the state supreme court. (Doc. No. 1 at 5). The Court takes judicial notice of the 9 California Courts Appellate Courts Case Information online database pursuant to Rule 201 of the 10 Federal Rules of Evidence, which lists no supreme court cases for Petitioner. 2 Because it appears 11 Petitioner has failed to exhaust his claim, the undersigned recommends the court dismiss the 12 Petition because the sole ground for relief is unexhausted.3 If Petitioner presented his claim to the 13 California Supreme Court, he should provide proof of this filing to the court in his objections to 14 these findings and recommendations. 15 B. Failure to State a Habeas Claim 16 Furthermore, although on the preapproved § 2254 form, the Petition does not challenge 17 the fact or length of Petitioner’s confinement. See Badea v. Cox, 931 F. 2d 573, 574 (9th Cir. 18 1991) (noting purpose of habeas is to challenge “legality or duration” of a petitioner’s 19 incarceration, quoting Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 485 (1973)). Instead, the gravamen of 20 Petitioner’s underlying claim is that the prison Chaplain became agitated and acted 21 unprofessionally during his interview of Petitioner in connection with Petitioner’s 602 grievance. 22 To the extent such allegations can give rise to a claim, it should be raised in a civil rights action 23 under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, if appropriate. See Preiser, 411 U.S. at 499. While the court has 24
25 2 https://appellatecases.courtinfo.ca.gov/search.cfm?dist=0 (search “Search by Party” for “Juan Manuel Juarez”). 26 3 The undersigned also notes that the asserted violation of Petitioner’s “Sixth Amendment rights” is not the same claim asserted in his underlying administrative appeals and the appeal to the Kings County Superior 27 Court, which only addressed his 602 grievance regarding alleged unprofessional treatment by the prison Chaplain. Regardless, the record indicates that none of these claims were presented to the California 28 Supreme Court. 1 discretion to construe a habeas petition as a civil rights action under § 1983, such 2 recharacterization is appropriate only if it is “amendable to conversion on its face, meaning that it 3 names the correct defendants and seeks the correct relief.” Nettles v. Grounds, 830 F.3d 922, 936 4 (9th Cir. 2016). The undersigned does not find recharacterization proper in this case. In addition 5 to the claim lacking clarity, Petitioner does not name as defendants any individuals who he 6 alleges committed the offensive acts. Instead, Petitioner names the Superior Court of California 7 as the named respondent. (Doc. No. 1 at 1). Further, in granting Petitioner in forma pauperis 8 status, the Court waived the $5.00 filing fee for a habeas corpus action, not the $350 filing fee 9 that is payable over time and appliable to prisoners prosecuting a civil rights action. Due to these 10 differences and the disadvantages that recharacterization may have on Petitioner’s claims, the 11 undersigned finds that it would be inappropriate to construe the habeas petition as a civil rights 12 complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Therefore, the undersigned recommends that the Petition be 13 dismissed because it does not raise claims relating to the fact or duration of his confinement, and 14 as discussed above, the sole claim asserted in the Petition is unexhausted. 15 III. CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY 16 State prisoners in a habeas corpus action under § 2254 do not have an automatic right to 17 appeal a final order. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A); Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 335-36 18 (2003). To appeal, a prisoner must obtain a certificate of appealability. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2); 19 see also R. Governing Section 2254 Cases 11 (requires a district court to issue or deny a 20 certificate of appealability when entering a final order adverse to a petitioner); Ninth Circuit Rule 21 22-1(a); United States v. Asrar, 116 F.3d 1268, 1270 (9th Cir. 1997). Where, as here, the court 22 denies habeas relief on procedural grounds without reaching the merits of the underlying 23 constitutional claims, the court should issue a certificate of appealability only “if jurists of reason 24 would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional 25 right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its 26 procedural ruling.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). “Where a plain procedural bar 27 is present and the district court is correct to invoke it to dispose of the case, a reasonable jurist 28 could not conclude either that the district court erred in dismissing the petition or that the 1 | petitioner should be allowed to proceed further.” Jd. Here, reasonable jurists would not find the 2 | undersigned’s conclusion debatable or conclude that petitioner should proceed further. The 3 | undersigned therefore recommends that a certificate of appealability not issue. 4 Accordingly, it is ORDERED: 5 The clerk of court is directed to assign this case to a district judge for the purposes of 6 | reviewing these findings and recommendations. 7 It is further RECOMMENDED: 8 1. The Petition (Doc. No. 1) be DISMISSED. 9 2. Petitioner be denied a certificate of appealability. 10 NOTICE TO PARTIES 11 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States district judge 12 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen (14) 13 | days after being served with these findings and recommendations, a party may file written 14 | objections with the court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 15 | Findings and Recommendations.” Parties are advised that failure to file objections within the 16 | specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 17 | 838-39 (Oth Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 18 | Dated: _ July 19, 2022 law Nh. fareh Base □□□ 20 HELENA M. BARCH-KUCHTA 1 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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