Harmon v. Mercy Hospital

460 N.W.2d 404, 12 A.L.R. 5th 1074, 1990 N.D. LEXIS 190, 1990 WL 127240
CourtNorth Dakota Supreme Court
DecidedSeptember 5, 1990
DocketCiv. 890383
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 460 N.W.2d 404 (Harmon v. Mercy Hospital) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering North Dakota Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Harmon v. Mercy Hospital, 460 N.W.2d 404, 12 A.L.R. 5th 1074, 1990 N.D. LEXIS 190, 1990 WL 127240 (N.D. 1990).

Opinions

LEVINE, Justice.

Mercy Hospital appeals from a district court order granting Betty Harmon’s Rule 27, N.D.R.Civ.P., petition requesting that the Hospital turn over to Harmon her personnel file. Because Harmon failed to satisfy the requirements for relief under Rule 27, we reverse.

Harmon was employed as a nurse at the Hospital. An employment dispute arose between Harmon and her supervisors and she was placed on probation. Harmon hired an attorney to represent her in the employment dispute and to assist in obtaining her personnel file from the Hospital. Apparently, the Hospital was willing to allow Harmon to review her personnel file by herself, but would not allow Harmon to make a copy of the file or to review it in the presence of her attorney because of Hospital policy and procedure.

Although no legal action had been commenced, Harmon’s attorney sent a subpoena to the Hospital demanding Harmon’s personnel file. The Hospital did not respond to the subpoena. Harmon moved for a contempt order, but subsequently served the Hospital with documents dismissing the contempt motion and commencing a Rule 27, N.D.R.Civ.P., special proceeding to obtain production of her personnel file. After Harmon petitioned the court for a Rule 27 order, the Hospital terminated her from employment. Following a hearing, the trial court granted Harmon’s request and ordered that the Hospital turn over Harmon’s personnel file to her. The Hospital has appealed.

Rule 27(a), N.D.R.Civ.P., provides in pertinent part:

“(a) Before Action.
“(1) Petition. A person who desires to perpetuate testimony regarding any matter may file a verified petition in the district court of the county of the residence of any expected adverse party. The petition must be entitled in the name of the petitioner and show: (i) that the petitioner expects to be a party to an action but is presently unable to bring it or cause it to be brought, (ii) the subject matter of the expected action and the petitioner’s interest therein, (iii) the facts the petitioner desires to establish by the proposed testimony and the reasons for desiring to perpetuate it, (iv) the names or a description of the persons the petitioner expects will be adverse parties and their addresses so far as known, and (v) the names and addresses of the persons to be examined and the substance of the testimony the petitioner expects to elicit from each, and shall ask for an order authorizing the petitioner to take the depositions of the persons to be examined named in the petition, for the purpose of perpetuating their testimony.
* * * * * *
“(3) Order and Examination. If the court is satisfied that the perpetuation of the testimony may prevent a failure or delay of justice, it shall make an order designating or describing the persons whose depositions may be taken and specifying the subject matter of the examination and whether the depositions shall be taken upon oral examination or written interrogatories. The depositions may then be taken in accordance with these rules; and the court may make orders of the character provided for by [406]*406Rules 34 and 35. For the purpose of applying these rules to depositions for perpetuating testimony, each reference therein to the court in which the action is pending shall be deemed to refer to the court in which the petition for such deposition was filed.”

Rule 27 allows for the perpetuation of testimony and the preservation of evidence to “prevent a failure or delay of justice.” Although this court has not interpreted the provisions of Rule 27, the rule is patterned after Rule 27, F.R.Civ.P., and we therefore may look to interpretations of the federal rule for guidance in construing our rule. Land Office Co. v. Clapp-Thomssen Co., 442 N.W.2d 401, 403 (N.D.1989).

In construing the rule, the federal courts have uniformly recognized that “Rule 27 properly applies only in that special category of cases where it is necessary to prevent testimony from being lost.” Ash v. Cort, 512 F.2d 909, 911 (3d Cir. 1975). See, e.g., Petition of Rosario, 109 F.R.D. 368, 370 (D.Mass.1986); In re Wolfson, 453 F.Supp. 1087, 1096 (S.D.N.Y.1978); Petition of Ferkauf 3 F.R.D. 89, 91 (S.D.N.Y.1943). Although most of the cases address perpetuation of testimony through the use of pre-complaint depositions, it is clear that the rule can also be used to obtain pre-complaint production of documents when “the only thing likely to be lost or concealed is a paper or object that should be subject to inspection, etc., under Rule 34....” Martin v. Reynolds Metals Corporation, 297 F.2d 49, 56 (9th Cir. 1961). The moving party is required to show “some verification” for a claim that the evidence sought to be preserved will be lost before a complaint could be filed [Ash v. Cort, supra, 512 F.2d at 913 n. 16], and conclusory allegations to that effect will not satisfy the rule’s verification requirement. Petition of Rosario, supra, 109 F.R.D. at 371.

The federal courts have also made it clear that where there is no showing of a substantial danger of loss of the evidence, “a person cannot take advantage of Rule 27 merely for the purpose of obtaining facts on which to base a complaint.” 4 Moore’s Federal Practice ¶ 27.07[4], at p. 27-29 (1989). See also Annotation, Right to Perpetuation of Testimony under Rule 27 of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 60 A.L.R.Fed. 924, 937-939 (1982). In other words, Rule 27 “ ‘is not a method of discovery to determine whether a cause of action exists; and, if so, against whom action should be instituted.’ ” In re Boland, 79 F.R.D. 665, 668 (D.D.C.1978) [quoting Petition of Gumsey, 223 F.Supp. 359, 360 (D.D.C.1963) ]. See also Petition of Gary Construction, Inc., 96 F.R.D. 432, 433 (D.Colo.1983). To allow Rule 27 to be used for the purpose of enabling “a person to fish for some ground for bringing suit” would be an “ ‘abuse of the rule.’ ” 8 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil § 2071, at pp. 332, 333 (1970). [Footnote omitted.] Several state courts, construing statutes and rules similar to Rule 27, have also held that they are not intended as a means of discovery to ascertain facts for use in framing a complaint. See Worley v. Worley, 161 Ga.App. 44, 288 S.E.2d 854, 856 (1982); In re Vermilion Parish School Bd., 357 So.2d 1295, 1297-1298 (La.Ct.App.1978); Sandmann v. Petron, 404 N.W.2d 800, 802 (Minn.1987).

On appeal, we must determine whether on the facts of this case the trial court abused its discretion in granting Harmon’s petition. Shore v. Acands, Inc., 644 F.2d 386, 388 (5th Cir.1981). The only evidence presented by Harmon relating to the requirements of Rule 27 was her affidavit, in which she stated:

“1.

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Harmon v. Mercy Hospital
460 N.W.2d 404 (North Dakota Supreme Court, 1990)

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Bluebook (online)
460 N.W.2d 404, 12 A.L.R. 5th 1074, 1990 N.D. LEXIS 190, 1990 WL 127240, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/harmon-v-mercy-hospital-nd-1990.